<p>The aim of this study was to examine how some Swedish school counsellor’s describe their school social work and how they look at its content. Further more the aim is to look at what restraining and promoting factors the school counsellor’s experience in their working situation. The approach of the study is qualitative and interviews have been made with five school counsellors. The results show that school counsellors have a variety of different working-areas, which consist of supporting and consulting pupils, parents and teachers through dialogue. Another assignment is to work preventive with groups and classes. Other scientists have found similar results as the ones in this study. About restraining and promoting factors in their work, the school counsellors expressed, for example, time and resources as restraining factors and as promoting factors they mentioned closeness to the pupils and working preventive. Their offices were mentioned being both a restraining and promoting factor due to the central activity of dialogue. They expressed that they were all satisfied with their work, but that it would be enough to work full-time on just one school. To analyse the results the time-geographic perspective was used.</p>

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Nationell kriminalstatistik tyder på att ungdomar är den mest brottsaktiva åldersgruppen i samhället. Ett förhållande som främst gäller pojkar och unga män, även om brottsligheten ökar något bland flickor och unga kvinnor. Eftersom ungdomar är samhällets framtid är det viktigt att vetenskapligt utrymme skapas och belyser de förebyggande insatser som kan göras för uppkomsten och fortskridningen av ungdomskriminalitet. Med anledning av detta har vi gjort en studie inriktad på Laholms kommun och vilka samhälleliga risker som kan ligga till grund för kriminalitet bland unga.</p><p>Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med personer inom olika sociala verksamheter i Laholms kommun som berör ungdomar och kriminalitet på ett eller annat sätt, samt ungdomar i åldrarna 15-20.</p><p>Utifrån analys av sociologiska och kriminologiska teorier av bland annat Zygmunt Bauman, Pierre Bourdieu, Erwing Goffman och Jerzy Sarnecki lyfter vi fram olika eventuella bidragande samhällsrisker i Laholms kommun så som arbetslöshet, konsumtion, fritid och sysselsättning, avsaknaden av grupptillhörighet och avvikelse.</p><p><strong>Nyckelord</strong>: Ungdomskriminalitet, Laholms kommun, förebyggande arbete, arbetslöshet, avvikelse</p>

<p>Föreliggande studie hade som syfte att undersöka vilken betydelse organisationen Here 4 U hade haft för sina medlemmar under skoltiden och senare i livet. I studien har kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer genomförts och tillsammans med tidigare forskning utgjorde de grunden för föreliggande studie. För djupare förståelse i den avslutande analysen har Salutogen teori och empowerment som teori använts. I studien framkom att Here 4 U hade haft stor betydelse för sina medlemmar både under skoltiden och senare i livet. Det visade sig att medlemskapet under skoltiden bidragit till ökad trygghet, bättre trivsel i skolan och känslan av att kunna påverka sin skolsituation. Detta bidrog i sin tur till ett bättre studieresultat.  Även senare i livet hade medlemskapet i Here 4 U haft betydelse för medlemmarnas sociala förankring i samhället. Det handlade bland annat om inställning till droger, kriminalitet men också ett ökat engagemang i sociala frågor.  Slutsatser från studien visade att förebyggande insatser som Here 4 U kunde fylla ett behov för ungdomar i skolan både på kort sikt och på lång sikt.  Det förbättrade inte bara trivseln och känslan av delaktighet i skolan utan kunde även bidra till förankring i samhället genom socialt engagerat beteende vilket kunde leda till ökad hälsa hos ungdomar.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to examine what meaning the organization Here 4 U has had for the members during their school years and what influence this had later on in life. The study was based on qualitative interviews along with previous research on topics relevant for the subject. For deeper understanding of the result of the study, the theory of empowerment and the Salutogenic theory have been used. The study showed that Here 4 U did have a significant meaning for their members during and after their school years. The membership during the school years provide an increased comfort, a sense of feeling secure in school and the ability to make an impact on their school situation. All together this improved the member’s results in school. To be a member in the organization had an effect on the member’s sense of belonging and will to participate in their society even after the school years. Conclusions of the study showed that prevention efforts, like Here 4 U, could fill the needs for youths during their school years and later on in life. Further conclusions of the study showed that the youth’s engagement in the society and the feeling to contribute could increase young peoples health.</p>

Abstract Nationell kriminalstatistik tyder på att ungdomar är den mest brottsaktiva åldersgruppen i samhället. Ett förhållande som främst gäller pojkar och unga män, även om brottsligheten ökar något bland flickor och unga kvinnor. Eftersom ungdomar är samhällets framtid är det viktigt att vetenskapligt utrymme skapas och belyser de förebyggande insatser som kan göras för uppkomsten och fortskridningen av ungdomskriminalitet. Med anledning av detta har vi gjort en studie inriktad på Laholms kommun och vilka samhälleliga risker som kan ligga till grund för kriminalitet bland unga. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med personer inom olika sociala verksamheter i Laholms kommun som berör ungdomar och kriminalitet på ett eller annat sätt, samt ungdomar i åldrarna 15-20. Utifrån analys av sociologiska och kriminologiska teorier av bland annat Zygmunt Bauman, Pierre Bourdieu, Erwing Goffman och Jerzy Sarnecki lyfter vi fram olika eventuella bidragande samhällsrisker i Laholms kommun så som arbetslöshet, konsumtion, fritid och sysselsättning, avsaknaden av grupptillhörighet och avvikelse. Nyckelord: Ungdomskriminalitet, Laholms kommun, förebyggande arbete, arbetslöshet, avvikelse

The aim of this study was to examine how some Swedish school counsellor’s describe their school social work and how they look at its content. Further more the aim is to look at what restraining and promoting factors the school counsellor’s experience in their working situation. The approach of the study is qualitative and interviews have been made with five school counsellors. The results show that school counsellors have a variety of different working-areas, which consist of supporting and consulting pupils, parents and teachers through dialogue. Another assignment is to work preventive with groups and classes. Other scientists have found similar results as the ones in this study. About restraining and promoting factors in their work, the school counsellors expressed, for example, time and resources as restraining factors and as promoting factors they mentioned closeness to the pupils and working preventive. Their offices were mentioned being both a restraining and promoting factor due to the central activity of dialogue. They expressed that they were all satisfied with their work, but that it would be enough to work full-time on just one school. To analyse the results the time-geographic perspective was used.

Studies show that 10-15 percent of Sweden's population, 65 years or older are estimated to have depression or depression symptoms. The symptoms of depression among elderly people are less than symptoms of young people. This could cause that elderly people with depression are not always discovered. Studies show that elderly people who live in residential homes show more signs of depression than elderly people living at home. If elderly people live in a supporting environment, can it prevent that a depression developed. The prevention of depression among elderly people is a topic that is not discussed among previously research. The purpose of this study is to examine how the unit managers of the residential homes for elderly people look at the prevention of depression. This study is qualitative where six unit managers in charge of residential homes have been interviewed. The interviews were based on different themes; how the unit managers approach the prevention of depression among elderly people and how they describe the discretion to take preventive treatment for depression among elderly people, also the unit manager views on elderly peoples depression. The study is made in a small number of municipalities which means that it can not be generalized. The result may not be the same if the study had been made on a larger scale. The results of the study show that the unit managers of the residential homes for elderly people work to prevent depression in different ways. An explanation of why the unit managers works different are based on the unit manager ideas and interpretations of depression among elderly people. Also the unit manager priorities, past experience, number of years as a professional and their views about elderly people’s depression are factors that affect the unit manager work. The unit manager views on its way to approach the prevention of depression, the political guidelines and decisions have impact on the way the unit manager work to prevent depression among elderly people in the residential home.

The purpose of this thesis has been to examine preventing child sexual abuse in four elementary schools in Stockholm, Sweden. The study is based on qualitative interviews with school counselors. The aim of this thesis was to find out how and if elementary schools in Sweden work with preventing child sexual abuse. The aim was also to examine how the school counselors reason about the schools efforts to prevent child sexual abuse. Their statements was analysed with Foucault’s theory about sexual history to get a deeper understanding for why people reason the way they do when it comes to issues like this. It was interesting to see if there was something in our history that made us think the way we do. An organization theory was used to help understand why the school works the way it does, but also to get a better understanding for the schools discretion. The main conclusions of this study have been that these four schools in Sweden mostly focus on children that already have been sexually abused rather than trying to prevent child sexual abuse from happening in the first place. It was also found that most of the school counselors were feeling that there lies a taboo around this kind of topic.

Syftet med undersökningen är att öka kunskapen om skolors elevhälsoarbete utifrån beskrivningar från medlemmar i tre elevhälsoteam. Det är medlemmarnas berättelser om elevhälsoarbetets organisation, meningsskapande insatser och utvecklingsområden som är utgångspunkten i studien. I undersökningen ingår tre skolors elevhälsoteam kallade X, Y och Z. Skolorna kommer från tre olika kommuner. Det är en undersökning med kvalitativ data från observationer, intervjuer och dokumentanalys av tre elevhälsoplaner. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna är teorin om praktikgemenskap samt det kommunikativa relationsskapande perspektivet, som är ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv. Båda har sin grund i den sociokulturella teoribildningen, där samspel och kommunikation utgör grunden i lärandet. I den föreliggande studien visar resultatet både likheter och variationer i medlemmarnas beskrivningar av skolornas elevhälsoarbete. Det framkommer i undersökningen att tydliga mål, uppdrags- och ansvarsfördelning, samt samspel i elevernas lärmiljö är några av förutsättningarna för ett framgångsrikt elevhälsoarbete, vilket också överensstämmer med tidigare forskning. / The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge about schools' student health care work based on the experiences of members in three student health teams. The core of this study is the members' stories about the student health care´s organization, intentional actions and the areas of development. The study includes three schools' student health care teams called X, Y and Z. The schools are from three different municipalities. The empirical research consists of qualitative data from observations, interviews and document analysis of three student health plans. The theory of community of practice and the communicative relational perspective are the theoretical foundations in the study. Both of them are founded on the socio-cultural theory in which interaction and communication are basis for learning. In the study, the results show both similarities and variations in the members' stories of the schools' student health care work. The results show that clear goals, distribution of roles and responsibilities, as well as interaction in the students' learning environment are some of the conditions or a successful student health care, which is in line with previously conducted research.

Under hösten 2016 genomfördes en enkätundersökning på en familjecentral i syfte att utvärdera vad föräldrarna på familjecentralen upplevde som bra och mindre bra i enskilda samtal med en kurator på verksamheten. Resultatet av enkäten var till största del positivt, vilket ledde till att kuratorerna på familjecentralen önskade öka kunskapen kring vad som varit bra, samt undersöka vidare vad föräldrarna upplever som mindre bra i samband med samtalen. På uppdrag av dessa kuratorer har denna studie utformats med syfte att öka kunskapen kring föräldrars erfarenheter i samband med enskilda samtal med en kurator på en familjecentral, med fokus på vad föräldrar upplever som resurser och hinder i samtalen. Empirin har samlats in med hjälp av kvalitativ metod för att fånga föräldrars uppfattningar om de enskilda samtalen och för att få en djupare förståelse för dessa uppfattningar. Empirin består av åtta stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med föräldrar som har deltagit i enskilda samtal med en kurator på den aktuella familjecentralen. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med hjälp av fyra teoretiska utgångspunkter vilka är Bernler och Johnssons teori för psykosocialt arbete, allians, empati samt aktivt lyssnande. Det slutgiltiga resultatet visar att det som föräldrar främst upplever som resurser i de enskilda samtalen är relationen till kuratorn, att få konkreta råd, tillgängligheten till kuratorerna och familjecentralen samt trivsamma lokaler. Resultatet som belyser hinder i samband de enskilda samtalen berör föräldrarnas önskan om att få prata med kuratorn på familjecentralen om fler ämnen än sitt barn och sin föräldraroll, att erbjudas uppföljning efter avslutad kontakt och att kuratorernas delade lokaler med öppna förskolan kan upplevas som besvärligt. Studiens slutsatser är att föräldrarna uppskattar familjecentralen och att verksamheten är en bra arena för socialtjänsten att arbeta förebyggande på. En annan slutsats är att föräldrarna uppskattar kombinationen av både få stöd och konkreta råd från kuratorerna samtidigt som de får formulera sina egna behov. Det finns även indikationer på att familjecentralen kan behöva utöka sitt stöd eftersom att föräldrar beskriver att de hade velat prata om annat än det som rör föräldraskapet. / During the fall of 2016, a survey was implemented at a family center with the purpose to evaluate what the parents who visited the family center experienced as positive and negative aspects during individual counseling with a social worker at the family center. The survey showed a positive result, which led to that the social workers at the family center wanted to increase the knowledge about which aspects the parent found positive. They were also keen on to investigate more closely if the parents experienced some negative aspects during the counseling. On behalf of the social workers at the family center, this study has been designed to increase knowledge about parents' experiences of individual counseling with a social worker, focusing on what parents perceive as resources and obstacles in the counseling. The material of the study has been gathered using qualitative methods to capture parents' perceptions of individual counseling and to gain a deeper understanding of these views. The material consists of eight semistructured interviews with parents who have participated in individual counseling with a social worker at the current family center. The collected material has been analyzed using four theoretical starting points which are Bernler and Johnssons' theory of psychosocial work, alliance, empathy and active listening. The final result shows that what parents primarily perceive as resources in the individual counselings is the relationship with the social worker, getting hands on advice, the access to the social workers and the family center, as well as the enjoyable premises. The result that highlights obstacles in the individual counseling concerns the parents' desire to talk to the social worker at the family center about more than just their child and parenthood, to be offered a follow-up after the contact has been completed and that the professionals shared premises with the open preschool can be problematic. The conclusions of the study include the fact that the parents appreciate the family center and that the family center is a good arena for social services to work preventively on. Another conclusion is that parents find that a combination of both support and concrete advice from the counselors as well as the possibility to formulate their own needs is an appreciated balance in the individual counseling. There are also indications that the family center may need to expand its support since parents describe that they wanted to talk about other subjects other than parenting.

Sexual abuse is a global issue that can result in psychosocial consequences for the on that has been abused. Statistics show that girls and boys in high school age are among the group that are most vulnerable to sexual abuse and studies shows that high school counselors have or should have resources that can help students that has been abused. The purpose of this study is, through interviews study the work of high school counselors regarding students that have been sexually abused but also how they work to prevent sexual abuse. We also wanted to investigate if there are any differences in the mode of work depending on gender. Our study is based on interviews of six high school counselors that we interviewed in person at their work place. To analyze our data, we took help from previous research on the subject but also theories about action space, sexuality and gender. Our result shows that the high school counselors work in different ways to help students that have been sexually abused but there are no specific guidelines on how the high school counselors are supposed to work to prevent sexual abuse and deal with students that have been abused. Their main job is to be a support system for the student if she or he need to talk to somebody and guide the student through the process of pressing chargers or contacting different authorities. It became evident in our study that prevention and the way of dealing with sexual abuse needs to improve in the high school counselors’ work, which most of the school counselors said themselves. None of the counselors said that they work differently based on the student´s gender but half of them used the word boy when describing the perpetrator and girl when describing the victim. With the help of our theory we could see that there is a perception in society where the male gender is often seen as the perpetrator and that this perception affects how high school counselors see and talk about sexual abuse. This perception makes it also more difficult for boys to talk about sexual abuse and also realize when they have been victims of sexual abuse.