The aim of the study was, through qualitative interviews with school counsellors in Swedish primary schools, to study what the counsellors are experiencing condition their ability to work proactively according to the Swedish Education Act provisions on student health. During the study, six interviews with school counsellors who worked in the same suburbs, was conducted. The theoretical approach that was used is Michael Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucrats and the term discretion. The overall outcome of the study was that the interviewed school counsellors felt that they did not have good opportunities to work preventively as the Education Act requires. The main reason for this was the school counsellor’s heavy workload. The results of the study were divided into three categories, which in turn were followed by several themes to highlight the conditions governing school counsellor’s opportunity to work preventatively.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur personal på ideella respektive kommunala skyddade boenden för våldsutsatta kvinnor upplever verksamhetens möjligheter och begränsningar samt hur de upplever samverkan. Studien har en kvalitativ metod där det har genomförts åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra personal från två ideella boenden och fyra personal från två kommunala boenden. En kartläggning från Socialstyrelsen (2013) visar att det år 2013 var 71 % av Sveriges skyddade boenden som bedrevs i ideell regi och 21 % som bedrevs i kommunal regi. Det framgick även att dessa boenden hade olika förutsättningar för att hjälpa kvinnorna vilket även framkom i tidigare forskning. I studiens resultat framkom det att personal från de ideella skyddade boendena i högre utsträckning upplevde att de hade en frihet att utforma sitt arbete och att ge kvinnorna ett socialt sammanhang men att de kunde vara begränsade av kortsiktiga avtal med kommunen. Personal från de kommunala boendena upplevde i högre utsträckning en trygghet i arbetet, dock kunde de uppleva begränsningar i att beslutsprocesser var ineffektiva samt att de inte kunde utforma det egna arbetet i samma utsträckning. Personal från de kommunala boendena upplevde sig ha bättre förutsättningar för samverkan än personal från de ideella boendena, samtliga intervjupersoner upplevde dock vissa begränsningar i samverkan. / The purpose of this study is to examine how the staff of non-profit and municipal sheltered housings experience the opportunities and limitations of the organisations as well as how they experience cooperation. The study has a qualitative method in which eight semistructured interviews were conducted with four employees from two non-profit sheltered housing and four employees from two municipal sheltered housing. A survey from the National board of health and welfare (2013) shows that in the year of 2013 71 % of Sweden's sheltered housing were non-profit and 21 % were municipal sheltered housing. These sheltered housings had different conditions in helping battered women, as shown by previous research. The results of this study show that the staff from the non-profit sheltered housing to a greater extent experienced that they were free in designing their work and giving the women a social context but could be limited in short-term agreements with the municipality. Staff from the municipal sheltered housing felt safer with the organisational form however they could experience limitations regarding that the decision-making process were ineffective and that they could not design their own work to the same extent. Staff from the municipal sheltered housing to a greater extent experienced that they had good conditions for cooperation, however all of the interviewees experienced some limitations regarding cooperation.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka socialarbetares arbete samt upplevelse av arbetet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. I studien har vi undersökt detta utifrån att ta reda på hur detta arbete ser ut som utförs av socialarbetarna samt hur socialarbetarna både känslomässigt upplever och använder sig av emotioner i arbetet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Detta besvarades genom att ta del av socialarbetarnas egna berättelser om sitt arbete genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Socialarbetarna är anställda inom olika myndigheter som arbetar med våldsutsatta kvinnor i södra Sverige. Vårt empiriska material har analyserats tillsammans med tidigare forskning och teori, där våra teoretiska utgångspunkter är gräsrotsbyråkrati och emotionssociologi. Studien visar på att våra respondenter har god kunskap om arbetet med våldsutsatta kvinnor som de även upplever vara meningsfullt trots att det är ett känslosamt arbetsområde. Då det är ett känslosamt arbete upplever respondenterna att de ibland behöver hålla en professionell mask för att underlätta hanteringen av de känslor som uppstår i möte med den våldsutsatta. Det framkommer även att respondenterna på olika sätt använder sig av bedömningsinstrumentet FREDA där samtliga upplever att det underlättar arbetet. Hälften av respondenterna upplever samtidigt detta instrument som ett hinder då det inte passar alla typer av våld och kvinnor. Trots att vår lag tydligt beskriver hur arbetet ska se ut, upplever respondenterna att det inte alltid når upp till denna lag. Vi kan inte dra några generella slutsatser kring hur alla socialarbetare agerar i arbetet med våldsutsatta kvinnor i Sverige. / The aim of this qualitative study is to examine the work performed by social workers and their experience of conducting abused women. In this study, this is examined on the basis of finding out how the work is performed by the social workers and how the social workers both emotionally experience and use emotions in the line of work. Moreover, this was answered by studying the social workers' own stories about their work through semi-structured interviews. The social workers participating in the interview were employed by various establishments who work with women exposed to violence in southern Sweden. Furthermore, the empirical material was analyzed together with previous research and theory, where the theoretical starting points were Street–Level Bureaucracy and sociology of emotions. The study displays that our respondents have good knowledge concerning their work with abused women, also they find their jobs meaningful despite the fact that it is emotionally challenging. To manage the strains the respondents are required to keep a professional mask to facilitate the handling of emotions that arise in the accouterment with the abused women. Henceforth, they use the assessment tool FREDA in different ways, to facilitate their work. However, at the same time, half of the respondents’ experience that the instrument may be an obstacle as it does not suit all types of violence and women. Although the Swedish law has clear descriptions’ on how the work should be performed, the respondents feel that it is not always possible to acquire it. Finally, no general conclusions can be drawn about how all social workers act in their work with abused women.

This study, written by Fredrica Eurén and Linnea Skoglund, is about how prison guards who work in a detention department in Stockholm experience the treatment of homeless people who are taken into care due to intoxication. The captive homeless often receive an extra favorable treatment from the prison guards that differs from the standardized work routines. The motivations for special treatment are based on the meeting that takes place between the homeless person in care and the prison guard. The deviations that are made, as well as extra benefits that are given to the homeless in care, include food and drink and also the opportunity to stay longer in custody so that the homeless person can spend a little more time inside. The results are analyzed using two theories: emotional work and street level bureaucracy. These theories partly explain how employees in certain professions cope with emotions, and partly how employees at street level within government organizations use their discretion in decision making. Similar studies have been carried out in prison, but not in arrest as examined in this study. The results suggest that the prison guards, to some extent, feel a kind of civil courage towards the homeless, which in turn means that they provide more favorable treatment to the homeless in custody. / Denna studie av Fredrica Eurén och Linnea Skoglund, handlar om hur kriminalvårdare som arbetar på arrestavdelning i Stockholm upplever hanteringen av hemlösa som omhändertas på grund av berusning. De omhändertagna hemlösa erhåller många gånger en extra förmånlig behandling av kriminalvårdarna, vilket skiljer sig från de standardiserade arbetsrutiner som finns inom myndigheten. Avstegen från rutinerna som görs, samt även motiveringarna till denna specialbehandling, baseras i grunden på det möte som sker mellan den omhändertagna hemlöse och kriminalvårdaren. De avsteg samt extra förmåner som ges till omhändertagna hemlösa, är bland annat mat och dryck samt möjligheten till att få stanna längre på arresten för att den intagne ska få spendera lite mer tid under tak. Resultatet analyseras med hjälp av två teorier: emotionellt arbete och gräsrotsbyråkrati. Dessa förklarar dels hur medarbetare inom vissa yrken arbetar med känslor på arbetet samt hur de hanterar dessa, dels hur medarbetare på gatunivå inom myndighetsorganisationer agerar inom ett visst handlingsutrymme som ges dem. Liknande studier har genomförts på anstalter, men inte på arresten såsom denna studie undersöker. Resultatet talar för att kriminalvårdarna till viss del känner en typ av civilkurage gentemot de hemlösa, vilket i sin tur gör att de ger mer förmånlig behandling till omhändertagna hemlösa.

There is a lack of studies about elderly with mental illness. Previous studies show that care managers tend to construct needs together with the client based on a standardized range of aid (Olaison, 2009; Jönson & Harnett, 2015; Dunér & Nordström, 2005). Further the social needs tend to disappear during the need investigation. This study is based on semi-structured interviews with care managers that work according to the Swedish Social Services Act towards elderly people in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to understand what strategies care managers have and use in the work alongside elderly with mental illness. The interviewed care managers come from different municipalities in the southern and middle Sweden. The interviews are analysed through the theoretical model of street-level bureaucracy (Lipsky, 2010; Johansson, 2007) and Agevall’s (2000) types of autonomy. The study indicates that care managers experience that they work a lot towards elder clients with mental illness of various kinds. The description of the profession however doesn’t say much about how to work with this clientele. Further the organization doesn't have guidelines specified for mental illness in older people, therefore the care managers need to create their own strategies in order to meet the mental needs in clients. The study shows that the care managers have different strategies in their work. For example, some of them describe how they go beyond the aid guidelines to meet mental needs in their clients.

Tvångsvård är ett omdiskuterat ämne i dagens samhälle och Sverige. Många debatter råder där betoningen ligger på de tvivelaktiga omhändertaganden där barn och unga far illa. I denna studie undersöker vi hur socialsekreterare resonerar kring LVU med fokus på handlingsutrymme, makt samt överväganden och osäkerheter i LVUhandläggning i syfte att undersöka socialsekreterarnas egna tankar och upplevelser vilket är ett perspektiv som i nuvarande forskningsfält är svagt behandlat. Med utgångspunkt i Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati har vi utfört semistruktureradeintervjuer med åtta socialsekreterare vid fyra barnenheter och två ungdomsenheter. Vi fann att socialsekreterarna i vår studie beskrev en komplex bild av deras arbete. Stundom upplever de att de har makt och handlingsutrymme, och stundom inte. Detta kunde bero på LVU-handläggningens utformande, samt hur mycket ansvar den enskilde socialsekreteraren fick från sin organisation. Deras arbete genomsyras även av flera genomgående osäkerheter som uppstår i svåra överväganden i LVUhandläggning. Vi såg även att makt hade en stor roll i socialsekreterarnas arbete,framför allt när det kommer till samarbete med familj och hur mötet med barn och unga struktureras. Samtidigt beskrev socialsekreterarna hur LVU-handläggning ibland följs av en känsla av maktlöshet när det inte går som planerat.

This paper is about the perspective of street-level bureaucrats (SLB)' ethics in their work with clients, their discretion and role, and how that influences their actions. It is a qualitative study at Försäkringskassan (the Swedish Social Insurance Agency) using interviews with eight officials that investigates eligible for sickness benefit. The study uses the perspective of Bornemark (2018) about ethics of control and internal principles, which are explained with the logic of the bureaucrats and professionals. Because SLB both shall implement a general law (bureaucrats’ logic) and meet the unique needs of individuals (professional logic) they may experience ethical stress. Our result shows that both ethical perspectives (ethics of control of bureaucrats and professional internal principles) exist inside the SLB and therefor there are some ethical stress for the individual. Also, our result shows that they are handling it in Lipskys (2010) three different strategies. Some try to show more compassion by giving clients more time, service and information. Others hide more behind the law or in the worst case resign. Should the rules be as controlled as they are today? Or should it do society good to lose the control a little and give the SLB some room for discretion in unique situations?

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how health care providers, working at care facilities providing maintenance treatment programs for opiate dependence, perceive and manage the legal framework governing the treatment. The study is limited to a few particular rules within this framework which over the recent decade have been the subject matter of debate regarding i.a. their alleged lack of relation to scientific research and their frequently disastrous implications for program participants. The empirical material consists of interviews with five respondents working at four different care facilities and has been analyzed by using Lipskys theory on street-level bureaucrats as policymaking agents. The results of the study show that the rules are looked upon and dealt with in a liberal fashion and that the primary loyalty of the maintenance treatment staff is clearly directed towards promoting the well-being of their patients and helping them reach their treatment goals rather than strictly following the rules.

The current political and legal discourse in the Swedish society is how we should fight gang- and organized crime in the best way. In 2019 the current government therefore proposed a 34-point program (34-punkts programmet) proposing four focus areas to combat the problem. One tool in that toolbox is expedited prosecution (snabbare lagföring) which was introduced to streamline the process of prosecuting volume crime. The method started as a trial in Stockholm in 2018, but since 2023 has been implemented as a permanent method within the entire Police Authority as part of the program against gang crime and organized crime. The aim to understand how police officers on patrol experience the method and in the theory part, to describe how implementation theory and crime prevention in the form of deterrence are the basis. The essay has a qualitative approach where material has been collected through interviews with 8 police officers on patrol where, after transcribing, the material has been analyzed through thematic analysis. The result shows that there is no consensus in the experience of why the method was implemented, but that all respondents generally have a positive experience of the method. Furthermore, the Police Authority needs to systematically collect suggestions of improvement and further on, evaluate the method to move towards evidence-based policing.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka förutsättningar för och möjligheter med, samt vilka utmaningar och utvecklingsområden samverkansparterna upplever i SSPF-samverkan i Norrköpings kommun. Vidare avsåg studien att undersöka om synen på samverkan skiljde sig mellan de samverkande aktörerna och vad det i så fall kunde få för konsekvenser. Empiriskt material har samlats in genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer som hållits med en representant från vardera organisation, det vill säga från skola, socialtjänst, polis och fritid. Resultatet visar att SSPF är en vedertagen arbetsform som är väl etablerad i kommunen. Det framkom dock att det finns utmaningar i arbetet och därmed finns ett behov av utveckling. Den främsta utmaningen i samverkan var begränsad tillgång av resurser som medfört att de saknar möjlighet att arbeta på det sätt som det är tänkt. Det största utvecklingsområdet är således tillgången av resurser som avgör i vilken grad de kan bemöta hjälpbehovet som finns. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditions for and opportunities with, as well as the challenges and development areas experienced by the parties in the SSPF collaboration in Norrköping municipality. Furthermore, the study intended to investigate whether the view of collaboration differed between the collaborating parties and what consequences this could have. Empirical material has been collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews held with one representative from each organization. The results show that SSPF is an accepted working method that is well established in the municipality. However, it emerged that there are challenges in the work and thus there is a need for development. The main challenge was limited access to resources, which meant that they lacked the opportunity to work in the way intended. The biggest area for development is thus the availability of resources, which determines the extent to which they can meet the need for help.