This doctoral thesis investigates the interrelatedness between school policy and practice. In the thesis, the construction of “the teacher” is analysed in school policy documents and teacher interviews. I am particularly interested in the relation between school policy and school practice in light of the two latest curriculum reforms 1994 and 2011 and the teacher accreditation registration reform of 2011. The analysis focuses on two topics: grading and the professional teacher. In fact, an analytic link is made between the emphasis on grading and the discursive construction of the teacher in Swedish education policy. The theoretical framework is positioned within institutional theory within which I combine curriculum theory and the sociological new institutionalism with discourse theory. The analyses of policy documents reveals three types of different discursive constructions of “the teacher”. In the period of deregulation and decentralization, a professional teacher is constructed and the need for an autonomous teacher for school quality is expressed. By the 1990s -2000s an unprofessional grading teacher is constructed. In the period signifying the teacher accreditation and registration reform, a quality assured teacher is constructed. It is a teacher who is formally authorized and in need of continuing evaluation. In the focus groups interviews teachers constructs two types of professionalism. One is in line with the professionalism articulated in the policy texts and is about control and formal regulation and the other is about autonomy. Furthermore, the teachers relate to grading and teachers' ability to act in accordance with their overall teaching assignment. Grading were often constructed opposed to teaching. Demands for documentation, quality reports or the requirement of teacher accreditation is described as institutional practices defined from above. These practices make it difficult for teachers to complete their teaching assignments. The study indicates that teachers' ability to operate in an increasingly regulatory schooling culture has, through the types of requirements for transparency in teachers’ work, resulted in the decline of autonomy in their professional practice.

This study aims to investigate teacher-students within social studies interpretation and understanding of the policy assignment regarding sustainable development and their attitudes towards the same assignment. Based on their reasoning about the assignment the aim is to identify how this can affect the future implementation of the policy assignment. This is done with implementation theory, text analysis of the curriculum and semi-structured interviews with students at Umeå University.This thesis established that Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) must be implemented in some way in the social sciences subject. The short formulations and partly implicit content in the curriculum and syllabus prove to be difficult to understand for the interviewees. The fact that teacher students do not understand the policy has proved to be an important explanation of the shortcomings that emerge in their reasoning about the assignment. Informants in this study interpret that the assignment is only to talk about and not for sustainable development. Partly, they also lack certain abilities both in form of knowledge and methods to be able to meet the complexity regarding sustainable development and ESD. The teacher students do not consider themselves to have addressed these issues in their University education, which both can be seen as an explanation for the identified shortcomings and the individual differences between the studentsThe results can be interpreted as that the problems concerning ESD, as research identified among active teachers, are to some extent reproduced in teacher education, which means that this study should encourage further studies based on the results of the thesis.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att analysera och jämföra konstruktioner av förskollärarsubjektet i statliga kvalitetsgranskningar av den svenska förskolan under åren 2000–2018, samt att analysera diskursiva förskjutningar kring ’förskolläraren’ under samma tidsperiod. Studien tar sin teoretiska och metodologiska utgångspunkt i Carol Bacchis poststrukturalistiska policyanalys, även kallad WPR-analys. WPR står för ”What’s the Problem Represented to be?”, vilket också utgör den första av sju frågeställningar vilka tillsammans bildar utgångspunkten för Bacchis analytiska tillvägagångssätt. Genom WPR-analys av vilka problem och lösningar som produceras i policytexter möjliggörs samtidigt analys av subjektskonstruktioner och diskursiva förskjutningar över tid. Vid läsning av tidigare forskning fann jag att denna gick att kategorisera i tre huvudsakliga diskurser, vilka jag valde att benämna Den könskodade läraren, Den professionella läraren samt Den reglerade eller bristfällige läraren. Studiens resultat påvisade att ’förskolläraren’ främst subjektifieras i enlighet med Den professionella läraren i samtliga utvalda kvalitetsgranskningar. Denna diskurs kännetecknas av individualisering och differentiering av ansvar, externa utvärderingar av kvalitet, i termer av måluppfyllelse, samt tydlig inverkan av en nyliberal diskurs. Resultatet påvisade dock även en viss diskursiv förskjutning över tid, då den dominerande professionella diskursen under senare år tydligt utmanas av diskursen Den reglerade eller bristfällige läraren, varigenom ’förskolläraren’ tillskrivs en mer reglerad och instrumentell position som utförare av policybeslut. / The aim of this master thesis was to analyze and compare constructions of the preschool teacher subject in national quality evaluations of the Swedish preschool over the years 2000–2018, and to analyze discursive dislocations of ’the preschool teacher’ during the same period of time. Theoretically and methodologically the study builds on Carol Bacchis poststructural policy analysis, also called WPR analysis. WPR stands for ”What’s the Problem Represented to be?”, this is also the first of seven questions which together form the starting point for Bacchis analytical approach. WPR analysis of problems and solutions produced in policy also enable analyzes of the construction of subjects and discursive dislocations. Previous research was categorized in three main discourses which were named The gender coded teacher, The professional teacher and The regulated or insufficient teacher. The results of the study showed that ’the preschool teacher’ is subjectified mainly in relation to The professional teacher in all of the selected national quality evaluations. Significant for this discourse is an individualization and differentiation of responsibility, external evaluations of quality, in terms of goal achievement, and an evident impact of a neo-liberal discourse. The result also showed to some extent a discursive dislocation over time, since the dominating professional discourse during the last years is clearly challenged by the discourse The regulated or insufficient teacher, through which ’the preschool teacher’ is given a more regulated and instrumental position in order to implement policy decisions.

This thesis explores how the topic of sustainable consumption has been discussed in Swedish policy-making between 1992–2022 by analysing policy documents including government official reports, government bills and government communications. The aim of the thesis is to understand how consumption has been discussed and problematised from a sustainability perspective in Sweden over time. The analysis is conducted through a qualitative policy analysis drawing from Carol Lee Bacchi’s approach ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ to scrutinise how problems of consumption are represented in Swedish policy. The result shows that the sustainability aspect of consumption has moved from focusing exclusively on environmental issues in the 1990’s to include all three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental and social) in the 2010’s. There is no unanimous and clear definition of sustainable consumption in the documents. Rather, the definition of the term can best be interpreted through what areas and measures that are discussed, which vary over time. The proposed measures show a varying degree of state involvement in changing consumption patterns, however, there are no coercive measures which leaves it to the individual consumer to choose whether to consume sustainably or not. The main conclusion of this study is that Swedish sustainable consumption policy has been based on the assumption of growth as a prerequisite for welfare, and of consumption as a prerequisite for growth, which has resulted in a maintenance of the growth paradigm and an avoidance of questioning the scale of consumption and the consumer society itself.

I denna uppsats undersöks communityreglerna för Facebook för att se hur väl plattformen kan säkert utgöra den digitala offentliga sfären. Detta görs genom en anpassad WPR-analys, där materialet är communityreglerna för Facebook. Teorin som används är Iris Marion Youngs deliberativa demokratiteori, där Young redovisar ett antal kriterier som är förutsättningarna för en hälsosam offentlig sfär. Resultatet för undersökningen är att företaget som äger Facebook (Meta), både tydligt strävar efter att uppnå en hälsosam digital offentlig sfär och förstår vad problemen är som hindrar användarna från att uppnå en hälsosam digital offentlig sfär utan några regler. Resultatet visar att det Meta gör mycket väl är att de har flera effektiva åtgärder för att skapa ärliga och resonabla diskussioner på plattformen, med bra mångfald och pluralism. Där målet är att alla deltagare ska kunna uttrycka sig utan att riskera hot eller hat från andra användare. Där det fanns flest brister var i hanteringen av falsk information. Där Meta förlitar sig mycket på enbart faktagranskare som själva inte är tillräckligt för att hantera sanning och information. Dessutom ser Meta det offentliga och officiella narrativet som sanning och användare som avviker sig från det narrativet kan få sina inlägg borttagna eller att spridningen av deras uttalanden minskas. De användare som bryter mot reglerna exkluderas också från den offentliga sfären där Meta inte gör någonting för att inkludera deltagare med problematiska värderingar, vilket är negativt för en deliberativ demokrati.

In the Spring of 2018 the Swedish Government announced an intended new law on legal sex change, based on self-identification. The Government’s policy proposal did however, not make it to the parliament as a formal proposition, most likely due to critique from the Council of Legislation. In this thesis, the Swedish government’s problematization of gender identity is scrutinized. The empirical material consists of the Swedish Government Official Report Ändring av det kön som framgår av folkbokföringen Ds 2018:17. A poststructural approach to policy analysis is applied with a focus on how subjects and gender identities are made possible through subject positions identified in the report. By applying a poststructural perspective, this thesis highlights some of the paradoxes of identity-based rights and reflect on how governing takes place through the making of stable and responsible subjects.

Storstadskommuner står inför en stor utmaning med boendesegregation. Därav är boendeintegration en förutsättning för att motarbeta socioekonomisk polarisering. Studien ämnar därav att analysera om och hur Linköpings kommun och Malmö stad arbetar för att främja boendeintegration i översiktlig planering. Studien ämnar även att få kunskap om hur forskare beskriver kommuners arbete med boendeintegration. Detta genom att besvara: Vilka problem beskriver kommunerna med boendesegregation? Går det att belysa styrkor och brister i kommunernas arbete med boendeintegration? Hur skiljer sig mål och arbetsmetoder åt mellan kommunerna?  Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt består av Carol Lee Bacchis kritiska policyanalys och teoretiska begrepp. Arbetets empiriska material och analysmetoder omfattar en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av kommunernas styrdokument samt en intervju. Slutsatserna är att Malmö stad har upprättat ett utförligt integrationsarbete som efterliknar boendeintegration. Detta medan Linköpings kommun måste ändra deras synsätt kring boendesegregation, för att hjälpa dem vidare i arbetet mot boendeintegration. / Larger municipalities face bigger challenges with housing-segregation. Therefore, it’s necessary to implement housing-integration to counteract socio-economic polarization. This study therefore aims to analyze whether and how Linköping Municipality and Malmö City work to promote housing-integration in general planning together with a researcher's description on municipal’s work with housing-integration. This by answering: What problems do the municipalities describe with housing-segregation? Is it possible to highlight strengths and weaknesses in the municipalities' work with housing-integration? How do goals and workmethods differ between the municipalities?  The theoretical frame of the study consists of Carol Lee Bacchi's critical policy analysis and theoretical concepts. This study’s empirical material and analysis methods include a qualitative content analysis of the municipalities' governing documents and an interview. The conclusions are that Malmö City has established a solid integrationwork that mimics housing-integration. Unlike Linköping municipality, which must change their approach to housing-segregation, to help the further work with housing-integration.

<p>This thesis takes as its point of departure the Swedish governmental family policy and the debate on the proposed reform ‘vårdnadsbidraget’. The supporters of the reform present it as something that will increase the freedom of choice for families and benefit the children, whereas the opponents warn for decreased equality and a return to the male breadwinner-model.</p><p>From a constructivist perspective, language is closely related to power through defining and ascribing meaning to reality. By applying a feminist political theory on the debate within the Swedish national parliament 2007/2008 and conducting a discourse analysis, the aim of this paper is to analyse which concepts are used and how they construct to what makes a family within the political debate – is there any difference or similarity between the view of the opponents and the supporters of ‘vårdnadsbidraget’?</p><p>The main conclusion of this paper is that even though the political ideal and rhetorical concepts differ between the supporters and the opponents, they still constitute the heterosexual nuclear family as an obvious norm in family politics. Even though the opponents of the reform are critical to the nuclear family as a ideal, their strife for gender equality contributes to reproduce the heterosexual nuclear family as the family norm.</p>

How can the public sector eff ectively intervene in and govern urban regenerationin historic environments? Th is report examines three cases of historic industrialstructures recently renewed and (partially) preserved in Norrköping, Baltimoreand Milano. In all cases the public sector in the form of national/federal state,county/state/region and municipal level approached regeneration with a spectrumof policies. Th e report studies how public policy has infl uenced generationeff ects in these formerly industrial districts. In Norrköping a redundant papermill was turned into a conference and symphony hall, in Baltimore an old foundryand machine shop was redeveloped into a mixed cooperative hub for arts andcrafts and housing, and lastly, in Milano a former state owned tobacco manufacturingplant is to be reused as a national center for fi lm making. In all threecases the new uses are defi ned as cultural and creative, in one way or the otherusing the industrial heritage of the place. Historic preservation policy clearly hasa role to play in urban regeneration. Th e selection of policy tools depends on thestructure of the public sector, the possibilities of partnerships and local politicaltraditions. Surprisingly, the Swedish case proved to be much more effi cient whenconsidering partnership, showing that the forms of cooperation in the U.S. casewas more instrumental and poorly adapted to local circumstances. Finally, theauthor ponders over the possibility of historic preservation policies to intervenemore actively in order to contribute to urban regeneration. / Hur kan det off entliga gripa in i och styra förnyelsen av historiska stadsdelar ien önskvärd riktning? Den här rapporten studerar hur tre aktuella fall med äldreindustribebyggelse nyligen förnyats i Norrköping, Baltimore respektive Milano.I samtliga fall har den off entliga sektorn i form av stat, län/delstat/region ochkommunnivå närmat sig förnyelsen med hjälp av olika strategier. Med hjälp avnordamerikansk forskning om off entlig förvaltning studerar rapporten hur dessastrategier, s.k. policyverktyg, påverkat förnyelsen och vilka deras respektive förtjänsterär. Gemensamt är också att de tre områdena har getts kulturella funktionerdär platsens historia utnyttjas. De fyra verktyg som studeras här är reglering,anslag, skattesubventioner och off entlig–privat samverkan. Vilka strategier somväljs beror på den nationella förvaltningsstrukturen, vilka möjligheter till samverkanmed andra sektorer som föreligger och på lokala och regionala politiska traditioner.En förvånande slutsats är att det svenska fallet visade sig vara betydligt mereff ektivt i sin samverkan mellan off entlig och privat sektor än det amerikanska,där samarbetsformerna visade sig vara mycket mer instrumentella och svåranpassade.I slutet av rapporter jämför och refl ekterar författaren över kulturmiljövårdensmöjligheter att mer aktivt bidra till ekonomisk och social förnyelse i städer.

Robertsson, T. &amp; Söderström, M. (2011). En analys av hälsoinspiratörsverksamheten inom Umeå kommun - I vilken utsträckning tillämpas policydokumenten i praktiken? (An analyze of the health coach organization in Umeå municipality – to what extent are the policy documents used in practice?) Bachelor Essay in Swedish. Umeå: Umeå University, Department of Education. Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze in what extent Umeå municipality health coaches uses their policy "work environment, health and rehabilitation" in social services workplaces. Furthermore was the purpose to analyze the policy "work environment, health and rehabilitation" with help from Bacchi’s policy analyzing model. The study was based on a qualitative design and involved seven health coaches from the social service. Interviews were conducted and analyzed with sentence concentration. The result showed that it differs from person to person on which view on health they have and what they believe represent health promoting work. Most of the interviewees notions and understandings of health and health promoting work are however the same as the municipality’s. The health coaches follow the municipality’s directions on how the assignment should be executed, though they vary in the degree of engagement. Furthermore, all of the interviewees experience that they have the support from the municipality that they need. A few of them though lack the support from their leader. Finally, the result from the policy-analyze showed that Umeå municipality’s problem was that their quality of work was inadequate. It also showed that the municipality put a lot of responsibility on the leaders, but that they should take more accountability themselves.