Cette étude s’inscrit autour du rapport travail/environnement à la lumière de l’interdépendance des risques. L’histoire des catastrophes industrielles montre qu’il n’existe pas de frontière entre les risques professionnels et environnementaux. Dans ce contexte, prend naissance la notion de risque mixte. Dans une société où les dangers se multiplient avec les progrès technologiques, a émergé une politique d’anticipation des risques. Les entreprises prennent conscience d’un rôle à jouer dans cette politique en tant qu’entités génératrices de risques industriels. Elles développent des démarches socialement responsables, connues sous le nom de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise, destinées à concilier les intérêts économiques avec les droits fondamentaux de l’environnement et les droits fondamentaux des travailleurs. Reposant sur les piliers du développement durable, le caractère transversal de la RSE résonne avec la mixité des risques et apporte une réponse de nature globale. Dans le prolongement de cette nouvelle responsabilisation, les droits du travail et de l’environnement renforcent les obligations de sécurité de l’employeur et de l’exploitant. Sous le prisme de la prévention, les deux ensembles juridiques se rejoignent dans une démarche commune d’anticipation. Le droit du travail se saisit du risque environnemental et s’emploie à le maîtriser. Le droit de l’environnement est mis au service de la protection des travailleurs qui semblerait réceptive à la précaution en milieu professionnel. La convergence de l’esprit de protection animant ces deux droits ne conduirait-elle pas à l’émergence d’un droit commun à l’environnement et au travail : un droit du risque. / Cette étude s’inscrit autour du rapport travail/environnement à la lumière de l’interdépendance des risques. L’histoire des catastrophes industrielles montre qu’il n’existe pas de frontière entre les risques professionnels et environnementaux. Dans ce contexte, prend naissance la notion de risque mixte. Dans une société où les dangers se multiplient avec les progrès technologiques, a émergé une politique d’anticipation des risques. Les entreprises prennent conscience d’un rôle à jouer dans cette politique en tant qu’entités génératrices de risques industriels. Elles développent des démarches socialement responsables, connues sous le nom de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise, destinées à concilier les intérêts économiques avec les droits fondamentaux de l’environnement et les droits fondamentaux des travailleurs. Reposant sur les piliers du développement durable, le caractère transversal de la RSE résonne avec la mixité des risques et apporte une réponse de nature globale. Dans le prolongement de cette nouvelle responsabilisation, les droits du travail et de l’environnement renforcent les obligations de sécurité de l’employeur et de l’exploitant. Sous le prisme de la prévention, les deux ensembles juridiques se rejoignent dans une démarche commune d’anticipation. Le droit du travail se saisit du risque environnemental et s’emploie à le maîtriser. Le droit de l’environnement est mis au service de la protection des travailleurs qui semblerait réceptive à la précaution en milieu professionnel. La convergence de l’esprit de protection animant ces deux droits ne conduirait-elle pas à l’émergence d’un droit commun à l’environnement et au travail : un droit du risque.

Pourquoi un événement en apparence si naturel qu’est l’accueil d’un bébé se révèle t-il si bouleversant et si complexe ? Pourquoi cette présence peut-elle provoquer joie et émerveillement ou angoisse et violence ? N’est-ce pas parce que l’enfant si vulnérable détient aussi une puissance créatrice ? Créateur de relations et d’émotions, il est d’emblée un être d’esprit. Il commence sa vie avec son lot, son daimon singulier. Suivant celui-ci il sera « jeté-dans-le monde » ou accueilli. Trait d’union entre les forces les plus archaïques et la civilisation, le très jeune enfant nous montre à quel point les mouvements de son corps sont le reflet de sa vie psychique. C’est pourquoi une attention aux soins de maternage, au jeu et aux activités d’éveil va être, avec ses parents, au coeur du processus d’intersubjectivité. Cette éducation première prenant sa source dans le soin est déjà de l’ordre du politique et suppose une éthique qui permette à l’enfant de s’épanouir et d’habiter le monde / A baby's arrival is such a natural occurrence: why does it cause so much upheaval? Why does its presence create so much joy and wonderment or else such angst and violence? Is it because the child possesses both vulnerability and colossal creative potential? Creator of relationships and of emotions, from the beginning, the child is a spiritual being. He starts out life with his fate, his particular daimon. After his arrival, he will be thrown in the world or he will be welcomed and integrated. As he is at the interplay between the most archaic forces and civilization, the very young child demonstrates that his physical movements reflect his psychic life. Along with his parents, maternal care, play, and his activities are at the core of the intersubjective process. The care of the child is his initial education and is already reflective of political acts and presupposes an ethic which will allow the child to blossom and to inhabit his world

Esta dissertação visou analisar se a observância dos mecanismos estabelecidos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal consagrados no princípio da gestão fiscal responsável principalmente relativos a dois dos seus pilares: o equilíbrio das contas públicas e a obediência aos limites e condições por ela estabelecidas foi eficiente para também promover a responsabilidade social, de forma a cumprir as garantias constitucionais de acesso à educação e saúde públicas de qualidade, além da geração de emprego e renda aos seus cidadãos, na Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte (RMVPLN), abrangendo os anos de 2005/2008 e 2009/2012; dois ciclos políticos, portanto. Para tanto, se verificou o comportamento de oito fundamentos da gestão fiscal dos municípios: capacidade de arrecadação das receitas próprias, execução orçamentária, endividamento de longo prazo, endividamento de curto prazo, liquidez, despesa com pessoal e grau de investimento. Criou-se, então, uma matriz de risco que verificou o comportamento destes fundamentos nos últimos anos de mandato dos gestores municipais (2008 e 2012). Para aferir os desempenhos sociais, este trabalho utilizou os indicadores de Desenvolvimento Municipal disponibilizados pela Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN). A partir da combinação destes dois resultados, os 39 municípios da RMVPLN foram distribuídos em cinco classes que compuseram o Índice de Desempenhos Fiscal e Social Agregados (IDFSA), e analisada a sua evolução nos mesmos anos de referência: 2008 e 2012. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi analítico, quanto à abordagem, e quali-quantitativo em relação ao seu objetivo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram ser realmente necessário cumprir as regras estabelecidas pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, até como instrumento que viabilizará a disponibilidade de recursos necessários não só para a manutenção das políticas públicas existentes, mas também para a expansão ou a implementação de novos programas sociais. Entretanto, não são bastantes em si mesmos, de forma que alguns dos municípios analisados, mesmo obtendo o mais elevado grau de desempenho fiscal, não tiveram bons resultados sociais. Assim, a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal teve um importante papel nas circunstâncias em que foi editada. Entretanto, decorridos mais de quinze anos de sua edição, é imprescindível se fazer a sua revisão para nela integrar uma outra diretriz: a da responsabilidade social. / This work aimed to analyze the observance of strict mechanisms established by the Fiscal Responsibility Act enshrined the principle of fiscal management responsible - mainly related to two of its pillars: the balance of public accounts and obedience to the limits and conditions established by it - was effective also to promote social responsibility in order to comply with the constitutional guarantees of access to education and public health quality, and the generation of employment and income to its citizens, the metropolitan area of the Paraiba and the North Coast Valley (RMVPLN) covering the years 2005/2008 and 2009/2012; two political cycles so. To this end, he found the behavior of eight grounds of fiscal management of municipalities: storage capacity of its own revenues, budget execution, long-term debt, short-term debt, liquidity, personnel expenditures and investment grade. Was created, then a risk matrix that investigated the behavior of these fundamentals in recent years mandate of municipal managers (2008 and 2012). To measure the social performance, this study used the Municipal Development of indicators provided by the Federation of Industries of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN). From the combination of these two index, the 39 municipalities of RMVPLN were divided into five classes that composed the Fiscal Performance Index and Social Aggregates (IDFSA), and analyzed its development in the same reference years: 2008 and 2012. The research method used was analytical, as the approach, and qualitative and quantitative in relation to your goal. The results indicate that it is really necessary to comply with rules established by the Fiscal Responsibility Law, even as a tool to enable the availability of necessary resources not only for the maintenance of existing public policies, but also for expansion or implementation of new social programs. However, they are not enough in themselves, so that some of the municipalities analyzed, even getting the highest degree of fiscal performance, did not have satisfactory social outcomes. Thus, the Fiscal Responsibility Act played an important role in the circumstances in which it was edited. However, after more than fifteen years of its issue, it is essential to do your review to integrate it another guideline: the social responsibility.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-09T21:03:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Shimabukuro.pdf: 1044043 bytes, checksum: d8e2bdb98af04379d088a3128296ed43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T21:03:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Shimabukuro.pdf: 1044043 bytes, checksum: d8e2bdb98af04379d088a3128296ed43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / This dissertation discusses the interface between state, society and market. Through the concerted administrative activity the State establishes a permanent dialogue with society and the business activity in Brazil, providing a scenario guided by the search for consensual between the public and private sectors. This synergistic process, dialogic stems from the democratic rule of law. Thus, we sought a better understanding of the relationship between the model of state and business activity in our country. Through the contemporary design of Association, it was intended to recognize the legal instruments that give prestige to the consensus, that is, negotiation / cooperation between the public (when performing control and intervention in the economic order) and private (when performance partner in charge of economic activity); and good governance for achieving legitimate fundamental political decisions. In this context, it is concluded that business should be of social responsibility and the administrative activity of maximum efficiency, to promote sustainable economic development and social justice. The work presented is developed in adherence to the line of research "Justiça e o Paradigma da Eficiência" do Programa de Mestrado em Direito na UNINOVE - Universidade Nove de Julho, cuja área de concentração é "Justiça, Empresa e Sustentabilidade". / A presente dissertação discorre sobre a interface entre Estado, sociedade e Mercado. Por meio da atividade administrativa concertada o Estado estabelece o diálogo permanente com a sociedade e a atividade empresarial no Brasil, propiciando um cenário pautado pela busca da consensualidade entre o público e o privado. Este processo sinérgico, dialógico decorre do Estado Democrático de Direito. Com isso, buscou-se uma melhor compreensão sobre a relação entre o modelo de Estado e a atividade empresarial em nosso país. Por meio da concepção contemporânea de Pacto Social, pretendeu-se reconhecer os instrumentos jurídicos que prestigiam o consenso, ou seja, a negociação/cooperação entre os setores público (quando da realização de controle e intervenção na ordem econômica) e privado (quando do desempenho de atividade econômica sócio responsável); e a boa governança para consecução de decisões políticas fundamentais legítimas. Dentro deste contexto, conclui-se que a atividade empresarial deverá revestir-se de responsabilidade social e a atividade administrativa da máxima eficiência, visando promover o desenvolvimento econômico sustentável e promoção da justiça social. O trabalho apresentado é desenvolvido em adesão à linha de pesquisa "Justiça e o Paradigma da Eficiência" do Programa de Mestrado em Direito na UNINOVE - Universidade Nove de Julho, cuja área de concentração é "Justiça, Empresa e Sustentabilidade".

Dentro del contexto de convergencia cultural en el Perú, Mibanco cambió su comunicación de marca para enfocarse en atraer a su público objetivo a través del mensaje de emprendimiento como una acción necesaria para superar los problemas sociales del país, impulsando el reconocimiento de la convergencia cultural histórica. Para lograrlo, realizaron múltiples campañas publicitarias, entre las que resalta “Ciudadanos del mañana” al ser una crítica directa a la indiferencia de la población ante los problemas del Perú. El elemento analizado es el estudiante escolar como herramienta de comunicación para generar mayor conexión con el público objetivo, lo cual llama la atención por su representación como influenciadores, llamando a los adultos a cambiar la situación actual del país. A partir de lo anterior, se investigó el uso de la imagen de escolares con un rango de edad entre 12 a 17 años de edad y de nivel socioeconómico B, C y D, hijos de adultos que corresponden al público objetivo de MiBanco en la campaña publicitaria “Ciudadanos del Mañana”, como herramienta de comunicación para el desarrollo de la narrativa social del emprendimiento en Lima Metropolitana con el objetivo de determinar la eficacia del impacto de los escolares en la campaña publicitaria. / During the context of cultural convergence in Peru, MiBanco changed its brand communication to focus on attracting its main target through the message of entrepreneurship as an action needed to surpass the social problems of the country, promoting the recognition of the historical cultural convergence. To achieve it, they did multiple advertising campaigns, from which is highlighted “Ciudadanos del Mañana” for being a direct critique to the indifference of the population to the problems of Peru. The analyzed element is the school student as a communication tool to manifest the problems highlighted to generate more connection with the main target, which calls the attention for its portrayal as influencers, calling out the adults to change the current situation of the country. From the above situation, it was investigated the use of the school students’ image between 12 and 17 years old and from social-economical level B, C and D, children of adults that comprehends the main target of MiBanco in the advertising campaign “Ciudadanos del Mañana”, as a communication tool for the development of the social narrative of entrepreneurship in Metropolitan Lima with the objective of determining the efficacy of the impact of the school students in the advertising campaign. / Trabajo de investigación

Le droit international privé français tient pour usuel la dissociation entre le conflit de lois et le conflit de juridictions. Cette indépendance entre les deux corps de règles est érigée en principe tant par la doctrine majoritaire que par le droit positif. Selon ce principe, toute forme de corrélation est et doit être réfutée, qu’elle opère au moment de la mise en œuvre des règles de conflit ou de leur construction. En d’autres termes, ce sont ainsi trois hypothèses qui sont dénoncées : celle de l’applicabilité directe de la lex fori en tant que telle, mais également celles de la compétence du forum legis et du parallélisme des règles de conflit, celles-ci conduisant à une applicabilité indirecte de la lex fori. Or, selon la présente étude, le droit international privé des obligations montre qu’un tel principe n’existe pas et qu’il n’est pas nécessairement opportun. En effet, et un tel constat s’impose, tant le mécanisme des lois de police que le jeu de l’autonomie de la volonté suscitent une applicabilité directe de la lex fori. Par ailleurs, la réfutation des modes de corrélation indirecte est inopportune. D’une part, la compétence du forum legis permet de garantir l’effectivité des lois de police, dans la mesure où aucun autre remède ne se révèle suffisant. D’autre part, la spécialisation du droit international privé des obligations et l’emprise du droit de l’Union européenne sur cette discipline génère des règles de compétence et de loi applicable qui présentent un certain parallélisme qui n’est pas uniquement accidentel. La thèse invite ainsi à remettre en question certains dogmes classiques du droit international privé des obligations. / French private international law holds as usual the dissociation between choice of law and judicial jurisdiction. This independence between the two sets of rules is set up as a principle by both majority doctrine and law. According to this principle, any form of correlation is and must be refuted, whether it occurs at the time of implementation of the conflict rules or the time of their formulation. In other words, three hypotheses are thus denounced: that of the direct applicability of the lex fori as such, but also those of the jurisdiction of the forum legis and the parallelism of the conflict rules, which lead to an indirect applicability of the lex fori. However, according to this study, contracts and torts private international law shows that such a principle does not exist and that it is not necessarily appropriate. Indeed, both the mechanism of overriding mandatory provisions and freedom of choice of law give rise to a direct applicability of the lex fori. Moreover, the refutation of indirect correlation modes is inappropriate. On the one hand, the jurisdiction of forum legis makes it possible to guarantee the effectiveness of overriding mandatory provisions, insofar as no other remedy is sufficient. On the other hand, the specialisation of contracts and torts private international law and the influence of European Union law on this discipline generate rules of judicial jurisdiction rules and applicable law that present a certain parallelism that is not only accidental. The thesis thus invites us to question certain classic dogmas of private international law of obligations.

[pt] O objetivo da dissertação é analisar a dinâmica de aprendizagem organizacional (AO) relativa ao processo de elaboração da Norma Internacional de Responsabilidade Social (ISO 26000), segundo a perspectiva da complexidade social. No contexto da normalização internacional e à luz dos desafios estratégicos enfrentados pela ISO referentes à governança global, parte-se do pressuposto de que a abordagem da complexidade social de AO pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do papel da aprendizagem na formação de consenso em dois níveis: entre as diversas categorias de stakeholders e entre países. A metodologia de pesquisa compreende: (i) revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre normalização internacional; sistemas adaptativos complexos; e aprendizagem organizacional, com especial atenção para abordagens integradoras; (ii) descrição do processo de desenvolvimento da norma internacional ISO 26000; (iii) proposição de modelo conceitual que integra normalização internacional e aprendizagem organizacional, segundo a perspectiva da complexidade social; (iv) pesquisa survey junto a especialistas do Grupo de Trabalho ISO-TMB-WG SR e de seu comitê espelho brasileiro; e (v) estudo de caso de AO no processo de elaboração da Norma Internacional ISO 26000, com resultados da pesquisa survey. Esses resultados incluem: (i) a análise da dinâmica de AO relativa ao processo de elaboração da norma ISO 26000; (ii) relação dos principais fatores facilitadores de AO neste caso, considerando os dois níveis de análise; e (iii) recomendações endereçadas à ISO e à ABNT para futuros desenvolvimentos de normas internacionais em ambientes sociais complexos. / [en] The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the learning dynamics and the specific learning mechanisms experimented by the different groups during the development process of ISO 26000 standard, through the lens of the social complexity perspective of organizational learning (OL). In the context of ISO 26000’s learning process, it was assumed that the social complexity perspective of organizational learning (OL) could be especially useful as it can improve the understanding of the role of learning in a double level of consensus – amongst stakeholders and across countries – in the light of the strategic challenges faced by ISO within the global governance arena. The research methodology comprises: (i) bibliographical and documental review on international standardization; social complex adaptive systems; organizational learning, with special attention to integrative approaches; (ii) review of the development process of ISO 26000 standard; (iii) design of a conceptual model that integrates the international standardization and organizational learning, through the lens of the social complexity perspective; (iv) development and application of a survey questionnaire to representatives of ISO-TMB-WG SR, including its Brazilian Mirror Committee; and (v) description of ISO 26000 study case. The main results can be summarized as follows: (i) learning dynamics analysis of the development process of ISO 26000 standard; (ii) list of main facilitating and constraining factors for OL in this case; and (iii) recommendations addressed to ISO regarding future international standardization processes in social complex environments.

Este trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de definir si existe relación de las promociones, valor percibido, plaza, responsabilidad social y redes sociales de las tiendas de conveniencia con la decisión de compra del consumidor del sector 7 en la ciudad de lima. El procedimiento desarrollado se basó en la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa, utilizando el muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. En la investigación cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas a tres expertos para conocer las estrategias del rubro y obtener información relevante para cada objetivo planteado del trabajo. En cuanto a la investigación cuantitativa, se llevaron a cabo 388 encuestas, de los cuales fueron 197 hombres y 191 mujeres, a los usuarios entre 18 a 55 años (18-21 años: 40 personas, 22-25 años: 112 personas, 26-29 años: 77 personas, 30-35 años: 67 personas, 36-45 años: 58 personas, 46-55 años: 34 personas) del sector 7 de Lima (Santiago de Surco: 105 personas, San Borja: 63 personas, La Molina: 105 personas, Miraflores: 63 personas, San Isidro: 52 personas) que realizan compras en tiendas de conveniencia, con el fin de conocer sus opiniones para analizar si existe relación entre las variables de estudio. / This research was focused with the objective of defining the relationship of promotions, perceived vuale, place, social responsibility and social networks of convenience stores in the purchase decision of the consumer of sector 7 in the city of Lima. The process developed was based on qualitative and quantitative research, using non-probability quota sampling. In the qualitative research, interviews were conducted with three experts to find out the strategies of the sector and obtain relevant information for each objective of the research. Regarding the quantitative research, 388 surveys were carried out, of which 194 were men and 194 were women, users between 18 and 55 years old (18-25 years old: 80 people, 26-33 years old: 80 people, 34 -40 years: 80 people, 41-48 years: 80 people, 49-55 years: 68 people) of sector 7 of Lima (Santiago de Surco: 78 people, San Borja: 78 people, La Molina: 78 people, Miraflores: 78 people, San Isidro: 76 people) who make purchases in convenience stores, in order to know their opinions to analyze if there is a relationship between the variables under study. / Tesis

La sécurité humaine est un concept qui a été formellement dégagé du rapport sur le développement humain du PNUD de 1994. Présentée par ce dernier comme une alternative au développement humain, la sécurité humaine a été institutionnalisée davantage comme une réponse aux préoccupations contemporaines en termes de sécurité globale et de bien être des individus, et comme un levier de garantie de la paix internationale.Dans la dynamique de la sécurité humaine, il sera observé une mutation du système normatif international par le renforcement de la place des droits de l’Homme et du droit international humanitaire dans l’ordre juridique. Aussi, la nécessité de la sécurité humaine va entrainer une nouvelle conception de l’objet de la sécurité collective. À cet effet, les Nations unies joueront un rôle déterminant en ce qu’elles vont développer de nouvelles compétences (en termes de garantie de la paix) et de nouvelles activités relatives à la sécurité humaine. Cet élan, d’une part, dynamisera un grand nombre d’acteurs internationaux qui s’investiront en faveur de la sécurité et de la protection des individus et, d’autre part, suscitera l’établissement de nouveaux mécanismes de paix et de sécurité internationales / Human security is a concept that was officially drawn out in the UNDP’s 1994 report on human development. In this report the concept was introduced as an alternative to human development and then became institutionalised as a response to contemporary preoccupations related to security matters. Human security therefore relates to threats to individuals, which are not only different to those that jeopardise State security but relate to the physical security and well-being of individuals.International peace and security factors were subsequently revised from a conceptual perspective, shifting from a State security-based focus to a focus on the global security of individuals.In the dynamics of human security, the international order’s normative system is shifting, especially owing to the growing importance of human rights and international humanitarian law in the legal order. Similarly, ensuring human security will redefine the objectives and activities of collective security. In this respect, the United Nations plays a crucial role. The Organisation will develop new competences in terms of peacekeeping and will carry out new operations for the benefit of human security. This renewed effort will reinforce many international stakeholders who will develop competences and establish organisations to contribute significantly to the security and protection of individuals and larger to the international peace

Les normes et lignes directrices encadrant la responsabilité sociale des entreprises reçoivent application seulement au moment où les États et entreprises décident de les appliquer. Ce volontarisme est synonyme d’autorégulation. Dans un contexte de mondialisation, les gouvernements ont souhaité accorder de plus en plus de liberté au marché et en ce sens aux grandes entreprises. Afin de faciliter les échanges commerciaux internationaux, les investisseurs directs étrangers bénéficient dorénavant de protections internationales face aux réglementations des pays hôtes, quitte à évincer des considérations essentielles vis-à-vis de la société. Les impacts des multinationales sur la société sont justement encadrés par la RSE dont les organisations internationales posent les balises grâce à des normes et standards internationaux. La prise en compte sur une base volontaire des enjeux de la société sont dorénavant présents dans les accords de libre-échange dit de nouvelle génération comme l’Accord économique et commercial global entre le Canada et l’Union européenne. Les parties sont encouragées à respecter les lignes directrices et principes internationalement reconnus en matière de responsabilité sociale des entreprises. Cependant, ceux-ci souffrent de difficultés inhérentes à leur nature. En ce sens, les multinationales sont souvent à l’abri de sanction contre leurs manquements puisque leurs statuts juridiques restent encore compliqués. Ensuite, l’arbitrage d’investissements apporte aux investisseurs étrangers un pouvoir de contrebalancer leurs obligations. Les pays d’accueil sont soumis à l’attractivité et la concurrence malgré leurs devoirs de respecter des valeurs universelles de la communauté internationale. Ces valeurs universelles de la communauté internationale pourraient englober des enjeux économiques, sociaux, environnementaux afin de réunir les enjeux transversaux du XXIe siècle. / Norms and directives of corporate social responsibility become effective only once countries and corporations decide to implement them. In a context of globalization, governments decided to encourage an increasing freedom to markets and therefore to big corporations. In order to facilitate commercial exchanges, foreign investors benefits from international protection in the face of host countries legislations. Even if it means circumventing essential societal considerations. Corporations’ societal impacts are built upon social responsibility that international organizations have created through international norms and standards. This concern on a voluntarily basis of certain societal issues now appears in so called ‘new generation’ free trade agreement like the European Union-Canada Comprehension Economic Trade Agreement. Parties are encouraged to respect universally recognized guidelines and principles related to corporate social responsibility. These currently suffer from their intrinsic difficulties. Multinational corporations are often sheltered from their breaches (to social responsibility) as their legal statue remain unclear. Furthermore, investment arbitration allows foreign investors to balance their obligations by having a scrutiny right over their host country’s regulations. Those host countries are facing attractiveness and competitiveness challenges despite their obligations to respect the international community’s universally accepted values.