<p>Studiens övergripande syfte är att undersöka institutionen folkskolans syn på finska krigsbarn i Alvestabygden åren 1941-1945.</p><p>Utifrån en strukturalistisk institutionsteori analyseras folkskolans behandling av de finska krigsbarnen, såsom det ger sig uttryck i källmaterialet. Källmaterialet består av examenskataloger från 30 folkskolor och material från Hjälpkommittén för Finlands barns arkiv.</p><p>Folkskolans syn på krigsbarnen är intressant då folkskolan är den stora offentliga socialisationsagenten. Under perioden behöll fortfarande den Herbartska pedagogiken sitt grepp om skolan. De Herbartska idéerna fick tillsammans med en auktoritär skolkultur som resultat en skola med en disciplinerande funktion.</p><p>En av studiens frågeställningar grundar sig på Bergs teori om utbildningssociologiska funktioner. Skolans funktioner är enligt den att reproducera en kunskapsbas/samhällsstruktur, kvalificera/sortera barnen för vuxenlivet, socialisera dem och förvara dem.</p><p>Ur de 30 folkskolornas cirka 400 examenskataloger har 51 examenskataloger med spår av misstänkta krigsbarn sorterats ut. Undersökningen visar att 15 av 30 undersökta folkskolor har mött finska krigsbarn. Antalet unika krigsbarn har uppgått till 39.</p><p>Folkskolans relation med de finska krigsbarnen var dubbelbottnad. Betygen visar att barnen klarat sina årskurser i alla de fall då de läst hela läsåret. Examenskatalogerna säger också en hel del om folkskolans syn på barnen. De är i stor omfattning särbehandlade i katalogerna. Det yttrar sig främst i att de i 35 av de 51 examenskatalogerna är placerade avskilda från de andra barnen i klasslistan. Det trots att olika lärare har använt olika principer för placeringen av barnens namn. Det yttrar sig ännu tydligare i noteringar kring de finska barnens namn. Det finns noteringar som till exempel ”finsk (räknas ej)”, ”finsk” har antecknats med röd penna vid namnen, det finns också exempel där man skrivit ”F” vid de finska namnen. Allt det här tyder på att folkskolan såg de finska barnen som något som skulle särbehandlas. Psykologen Lagnebro har i sin forskning hävdat att diskriminering i form av särbehandling i Sverige har fördjupat de finska krigsbarnens identitetsproblem i vuxenålder. Uppsatsen ger stöd för att även folkskolan särbehandlat de finska krigsbarnen och därmed medverkat till de framtida identitetsproblemen.</p><p>I källmaterialet finner studien stöd för samtliga av Bergs utbildningssociologiska funktioner. Läsaren kan notera att förvaringsfunktionen var stor. De finska barnens närvaro i skolan tenderar att ha varit högre än de svenska barnens. Det trots att källmaterialet visar på en efterfrågan på skolbarnens arbetskraft i det lokala jordbruket.</p>

Diss. Umeå : Univ., 2003.

The present study analyzes attitudes made manifest when media technology is used in teaching at Swedish upper secondary schools. It examines discourses related to the subject of history by comparing contemporary circumstances with those of the mid-1980s, making research in both educational history and history education indispensible to its execution. The study considers the impact of technology on human interaction as an essentially social construction. Furthermore, it addresses questions about the role media technology plays in current discourses, about the actors that are manifested in these discourses and about their didactic implications. Since the investigation focuses on discourse, it is an interpretive work. Analytical tools have been borrowed from the field of discourse theory to facilitate a broad understanding of discourse and communication. The analysis is conducted in order to reconstruct chains of analogy and nodal points of communication in media technology and teaching, with specific attention paid to matters related to the subject of history. Secondary school policy documents, curricula relevant to each period, teacher´s periodicals and interviews with history teachers are combined to reconstruct discourses on technology in education. Interviews were conducted with six history teachers, three of whom taught in the 1980s, while the remainder began teaching in the past fifteen years. The periodicals studied are Lärarnas tiding and Skolvärlden, including every issue published in the years 1983, 1985, 1987, 2008, 2010 and 2012. Four discourses on media technology in education have been reconstructed from this material. Two of the discourses are relevant to the mid-eighties, and have been called the discourse on the school of the future and the discourse on film, junk culture and education, respectively. The discourses reconstructed from the years around 2010 are named the discourse on the contemporary school and the discourse on good teaching. These discourses generally nurture an optimistic belief in what media technology can mean to school and teaching. The reasons for using technology in the classroom are based on notions of what is required from society or what is relevant to the students. The roles of media technology in education are affected by several groups of actors, including government officials, marketers, school leadership and teachers. The process was however never significantly affected by formal policy. One aspect central to a positive view of media technology in education was that it would improve the quality of teaching, especially in the case of history, characterized by storytelling and lecturing. Certain didactic considerations became visible in the study of these discourses, which risked being shallow and trend sensitive, insofar as it might be difficult for teachers to find suitable forums for peer-to-peer subject specific reflections on media technology.

Denna studie behandlar elever och lärares upplevelser av elevinflytande i svenskundervisningen. I bakgrunden ges en teoretisk förankring med John Dewey som huvudperson, hans tankar om elevinflytande och demokrati betraktas som centrala för studien. Vidare ges en historisk överblick av elevinflytande och en inblick i hur styrdokumenten ställer sig till elevernas rätt till elevinflytande. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur elever och lärare upplever elevinflytande och demokratiska värderingar i svenskundervisningen. Studien belyser upplevda fördelar och nackdelar med elevinflytande samt förbättringsområden i arbetet. Studien jämför även likheter och skillnader i synen på elevinflytande i de båda respondentgrupperna. Metoden för undersökningen är en kvalitativ enkätundersökning med kvantitativa inslag. Enkäten besvarades av tre klasser i årskurs sex samt fyra svensklärare. Undersökningen har en fenomenografisk ansats som syftar till att undersöka respondenternas upplevelse av fenomenet. Resultatet är uppdelat i fyra kategorier som har till syfte att presentera de mest centrala delarna i undersökningen. Studiens resultat visar att elever och lärare vill arbeta mer med elevinflytande i svenskundervisningen och att de är relativt eniga i sina svar vad gäller uppfattningen om vad elever främst ges inflytande över. Eleverna framhåller å sin sida att de delar de ges mest inflytande över korrelerar med vad de vill ha inflytande över. Elevinflytande har sina fördelar och nackdelar vilket elever och lärare upplever olika.

No description available.

More girls into science and technology have been a repeated goal in Swedish school politics for some decades. It has been called the gender equality issue. However, neither the ideas associated with science education nor the ideas associated with gender are obvious. The aim of the thesis is to analyse different views of gender, science and technology in Swedish educational policy, as they appear over time in the preparatory documents of the curricula of the nine year comprehensive compulsory school. The purpose is thus to understand the recurrent theme of “girls and science and technology”. The study is a text analysis and the empirical material consists of commission reports, government proposals, motions and minutes of the ensuing parliamentary debates. In the earliest documents girls and boys were described as opposites and their differences were emphasised. However these ideas were not unchallenged. Gender differences were toned down, variations within the genders were emphasised, and it was pointed out that boys and girls are not uniform groups. It was argued that calling areas and tasks female and male are conventions that can be broken. Proposals were made implying a breaking up of the strict boundary between girls’ and boys’ respective spheres of activity. Later a lot of the old ideas were recurring although society had changed. However clear attempts to break the gender borders were also repeated. In this ambition technology was central. From the early 1960s a girl choosing technology stands out as a symbol of a pupil making a gender-crossing choice.

Swedish Reggio Emilia-inspired pedagogy has been decribed as a democratic paradigm shift for Swedish preschools. A grassroots movement based on the same resistance to traditional authoritarian pedagogy and political alignment that the Italien example entailed in the post-fascist Reggio Emilia. However, unlike the local and citizen-initiated birth in Italy, the Swedish implementation was sanctioned at a central political level and took place in close relation to leading academic institutions. Swedish Reggio Emilia thus belongs to a completely different historical context than the original educational and democratic movement. This essay tells the story of the pedagogical and organizational development of Swedish childcare from the preschool expansion in the 1970s up to the founding of the Swedish Reggio Emilia Institute in 1993. Based on a theory of path-dependent continuity and change, it analyzes how the conditions successively made it possible to implement the Reggio Emilia philosophy, with its socialist and cooperative origins, in Sweden at the time of a neoliberal and individual-centered change in political discourse during the early 1990s. The analysis describes the earliest influences in Sweden during the 1980s based on its function as exotic cargo: a rich aesthetic framework but with little theoretical content. The conveyed ideas and values mirrored already established counterparts in Sweden, but despite this, it managed to capture both fascination and interest among educators as well as politicians. Its pluralistic and decentralized ideals also came to relate to the neoliberal turn when the Swedish welfare state left its long tradition of collective democrazy.

Syftet med studien har varit att med en mikrohistorisk ansats lyfta fram Anna Wemans roll som en föregångare i den svenska förskolans historia. I undersökningen av Wemans pedagogiska material skapas en bild av hur den småbarnsskolornas pedagogiska utveckling i riktning mot Fröbel såg ut vid sekelskiftet 1900. Med hjälp av en analys som påbörjades redan vid arkivet har jag hittat tecken på spårberoende, förändring och kontinuitet gentemot såväl dåtid som nutid. I arbetet har en empiridriven metod använts och empirin har visat tydliga tecken på att Anna Weman var engagerad och påläst inom gängse pedagogiska metoder och att förändringsarbetet bedrevs med en respekt och ödmjukhet inför det förflutna.

I centrum för avhandlingen står den konflikt om skolagan som aktualiserades när det svenska skolväsendet skulle stöpas om till en enhetsskola. Undersökningsperioden är 1946-1962. Det övergripande syftet har varit att analysera denna konflikts upprinnelse, utveckling och följder i relation till skolans fostransuppdrag och barndomens innebörder. Med utgångspunkt i detta syfte har dels har det formella skolpolitiska spelet kring enhetsskolan och skolans fostransuppdrag beskrivits, dels har ett antal centrala texter som producerades i denna process analyserats. Teoretiskt och metodiskt har undersökningen knutit an till ett diskursanalytiskt förhållningssätt där frågor om makt och styrning är centrala. I diskussionen om skolans fostransuppdrag framträdde olika diskurser som på vissa punkter stod i skarp opposition mot varandra. Vid en närmare granskning av denna konflikt har diskursernas olika möjlighetsvillkor undersökts, i betydelsen deras historiska och samhälleliga förutsättningar och deras inre logiker; och de centrala ord, begrepp och metaforer som har utgjort diskursernas centrala element har kunnat ringas in. De två maktteoretiska begreppen styrningsrationalitet och hegemoni har utgjort de primära analytiska redskapen. Med hjälp av styrningsrationalitetsbegreppet har de målsättningar, inställningar och problem som har varit knutna till hanteringen av barnen under perioden åskådliggjorts. De olika antaganden om barnet som den fostrande verksamheten har vilat på, kunskaperna och vetenskaperna som har legat till grund för den, teknikerna som har ansetts nödvändiga samt det subjekt som utgjort målet för olika fostrande åtgärder har analyserats och diskuterats. Med hjälp av hegemonibegreppet har kampen om skolbarnets fostran under perioden kunnat förstås och fostransdiskussionens konsekvenser för hur den nya skolans fostrande målsättningar formulerades och kom till uttryck i grundskolans formativa dokument. / This dissertation analyses the controversy on corporal punishment that arose in conjunction with the Swedish comprehensive school reform. The time period covered is 1946-1962. The overarching aim has been to explore and analyse the origins, development and consequences of this debate in relation to the school’s task of character formation and changed notions of childhood. The school politics in which the comprehensive school reform took shape has been examined and a number of central documents that were produced in this process have been analysed. Theoretically and methodologically a discourse-analytical approach has been used where issues of power and governance have been central. In the discussion on character formation in school different discourses were operating, which at certain points stood in sharp disagreement with each other. This became especially clear in the debate on corporal punishment. A closer analysis of these discourses has revealed their different conditions of possibilities, in the sense of their historical and societal circumstances and their internal logics, and the keywords, concepts and metaphors that constituted the central elements of these discourses have been highlighted and described. The two theoretical concepts governmentality and hegemony have been used as the primary analytical tools for the study. With the concept of governmentality the goals, attitudes and problems that have been tied to the training of the schoolchild during the period have been made visible. The different presuppositions about the child’s being and development on which the character-forming practices have been built, the knowledge and science that have been referred to, the techniques that have been viewed as necessary and the subject that has been the goal for various character-forming actions have been analysed and discussed. With the concept of hegemony the power struggle connected to the discussion of character formation during the period has been examined and the various guidelines for the school’s task of character formation that were formulated and expressed in the formative documents of the comprehensive school have been made visible.

The overall aim of this dissertation is to explore the connections between rhetoric and civic and moral education. In the Latin schools (trivial schools, cathedral schools, and gymnasiums) in eighteenth-century Sweden, rhetoric still had a prominent position. In examining school rhetoric under the Swedish School Act of 1724, the study takes on rhetoric education in the broad sense, asking questions about teaching design and content, and about which texts were read and written. In addition to this, the dissertation discusses the moral content of the education as well as the function of the texts and exercises of rhetoric education in character and identity formation. The study also demonstrates the practices of rhetoric in schools and gymnasiums. Everyday classroom activities as well as ceremonies and festivities are treated as arenas for the display of erudition, asking questions about eloquence as a possible catalyst for the raising of schoolboys into men and citizens. Drawing from curriculum history, the investigation focuses on the content of the education. The analytical framework regards educational content as multilayered, ranging from conceptual content to content related to school subjects, syllabi and educational programmes, and further to socialisation content. Therefore a number of theoretical and methodological perspectives have to be employed in order to analyse a multitude of sources: from textbooks and records from schools to written curricula. The curriculum history foundation is therefore supplemented by theoretical inspiration from among other things the sociology of education and the sociology of literature, from the history of rhetoric and from gender history. The concept of virtue is given a special role in the construction of civic ideals and masculinities, two important aspects of an erudite identity cultivated in the early modern Latin schools. The dissertation shows that during the long period of time that the Swedish School Act of 1724 was effective – a total of 83 years, until 1807 – school rhetoric changed very little, and the changes that took place did so only slowly. A number of factors explain this rigidity. The same textbook, Elementa rhetorica by Gerardus Johannis Vossius, was used used in Swedish schools throughout the entire period studied. A shortage of textbooks led to older copies being used, and to a manual reproduction of textbooks and educational content.A canon or publica materies of classical, especially Latin, texts connected the branches of the trivium. It also worked as a common resource, read throughout the school: from fables and the short texts of compendia used in the first forms of the trivial schools to the philosophical and literary works used in the gymnasiums. The proximity between school rhetoric and the exemplary classical texts offers a further explanatory factor for the slow changes of 18th century rhetoric education. The rhetoric education in schools and gymnasiums appears as one of the most distinct illustrations of the early modern Swedish school's twofold objective to transmit knowledge and instill virtue. The rhetorical pedagogical programme was not just about the arts and crafts of linguistic ornaments. School rhetoric had an even larger aim, combining knowledge and virtue into the training of an orator. Through the reading of the exemplary texts and the moral lessons taught by them, and through pupils' own co-creation and rhetorical (re)production, a classical, medieval, Renaissance and Reformation legacy was passed on. In this legacy, the aim was virtuous eloquence. The learned world in and around schools and gymnasiums can be considered a premodern or early modern public sphere, filled with rhetorical ceremonials as a display of erudition and scholarly status. At the school level rhetoric was a representative resource that could justify the position of the scholarly community and the clergy, demonstrate the standing of the school and the church site in the city, and distinguish the learned from members of other social groups.