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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

意見一致性、潛水動機與潛水行為初探:社群聆聽技術與調查法之比較分析 / Exploring Relations among Opinion Congruency, Lurking Motives and Behavior: Social Listening versus Survey Method

王嘉呈 Unknown Date (has links)
社群網站使用者不分年齡,幾乎沒有人不在這虛擬社交的浪潮上。儘管如此, 社群網站的交往卻不如現實般,社群中的絕大多數的內容是由少數發言者貢獻, 從來不發言的潛水者則佔了使用者基數的大部分。 本研究使用沈默螺旋理論的意見一致性概念與多種潛水動機作連接,藉此探 討發言者言論如何影響潛水者的動機選擇以及潛水行為表現。除此外,本研究藉 由同時使用社群聆聽技術和調查法作為研究方法,試圖以主、客觀區分兩種方法 並比較各自的益處和限制,也對社群聆聽技術只能使用發言者言論作為分析資料 來源的先天限制做出初步探討。 本研究收集到 599 份有效問卷和 285 篇社群網站文章,研究結果發現害怕被 孤立、社會性散漫兩種潛水動機完全中介了意見一致性對潛水行為的效果。主、 客觀研究方法的測量結果顯著相關,且對潛水動機之中介效果有相同預測能力。 / It is hard to find one had no experience using social networks in any age ranges. However, most of social network members are lurkers who barely post or comment to express their opinion. On the other hand, little regular posters contribute most content in every virtual society. This study used the concept of opinion congruency in spiral of silence theory to link up multiple lurking motives found by past studies in order to clarify how posters’ texts influence lurking motives and behavior. Besides, for the purpose of comparing pros and cons between social listening and survey, this study adopted both research methods to measure major opinion in discussion threads wherea seprated the two methods into subjective and objective ones. Also, this study would have preliminary discuss about the fact of limited analytical source of social listening. Collected 599 valid surveys and 285 social network discuss thread text, the result found that opinion congruency negatively influenced both lurking motives which positively influenced lurking behavior. The result also found that the subjective and objective research methods in this study were significantly related, and shared same predictive ability on both lurking motives’ mediated effect.
42

以故事性的自然場景探討主角與地點在動態視覺處理上的相互影響 / Investigating the Interaction of Character and Surroundings on Dynamic Visual Processing in the Perception of Narrative Natural Scene

張鈺潔, Chang, Yu Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
視覺辨識是極其快速而且正確的,逐步揭露作業可展示此一閃而過的動態視覺辨識歷程,本研究目的即在以此作業探討主角與地點在動態視覺辨識過程中相互影響的內涵。實驗一旨在建立主角與地點的視覺辨識基準線,結果發現主角比起地點只需累積較低空間頻率訊息即可完成正確辨識,得到物體優勢效果。實驗二旨在驗證物體與背景之間在視覺處理上的非獨立關係,透過操弄單獨呈現與同時呈現兩種視覺呈現方式,以主角辨識作業與地點辨識作業加以驗證。結果顯示對地點辨識作業而言,同時呈現情況比起單獨呈現情況只需累積較低空間頻率訊息即可完成正確辨識;對主角辨識作業而言,單獨呈現情況與同時呈現情況並無不同。除此之外,在單獨呈現情況下,仍獲得物體優勢效果。但在同時呈現情況下,物體優勢效果並不復見,反而是地點辨識優於主角辨識。實驗二結果支持物體與背景之間在視覺處理上為非獨立關係。實驗三進一步從「一致性效果」在促進層面以及抑制層面上的作用情況,探討物體與背景之間在視覺處理上相互影響的內涵。實驗三a結果顯示,在主角辨識作業中所得到的「一致性效果」,源於地點訊息對主角辨識在抑制層面的作用而來。實驗三b結果顯示,在地點辨識作業中所得到「一致性效果」,則源於主角訊息對地點辨識在促進層面與抑制層面的作用而來。實驗四進一步以同時呈報的作業方式,讓參與者對整張場景進行辨識,對於視覺系統所知覺到的主角內容與地點內容都需加以呈報,藉此再次驗證主角與地點處理的相互影響。其結果顯示在主角內容與地點內容呈報時,皆獲得「一致性效果」。除此之外,在一致情況與不一情況下皆獲得物體優勢效果。本研究以動態視覺處理模型中物體與背景平行處理且密切交換訊息之觀點解釋所得結果,並提出注意力分佈在此動態視覺處理歷程扮演重要角色。 / Visual recognition is a fast and accurate process. The present study adopted a progressive revelation task, which mimics the visual dynamics appropriately, to investigate the interaction of character and surroundings in the dynamic visual processing. Experiment 1 aimed to establish visual recognition curves for character and surroundings separately as baselines. The results showed that less amount of cumulated perceptual evidence was required for character than surroundings, so that it showed the object advantage effect. In Experiment 2, the non-independent relationship between the object- and background-related visual processes was verified. The performance of isolation condition with the character and surroundings presented in isolation was compared to the concurrent condition with the two presented concurrently. The results of the surroundings recognition task showed that less amount of cumulated perceptual evidence was required for concurrent condition than isolation condition. In contrast, for the character recognition task, there was no difference between these two conditions. These results supported the non-independent relationship between object- and background-related processes. Object advantage effect was replicated in the isolation condition but not in the concurrent condition, which meant that surroundings required less amount of perceptual evidence than character for visual recognition instead. In Experiment 3, interaction between object- and background-related processes was investigated by consistency effect from both the aspects of facilitation and inhibition effects. Results of Experiment 3a showed that consistency effect was only contributed by inhibition effect in the character recognition task. Results of Experiment 3b showed that both the facilitation and inhibition effects contributed to the consistency effect in the surroundings recognition task. In Experiment 4, participants were asked to report both the contents of character and surroundings. The results showed that consistency effects occurred in both of the content reports. And also the object advantage effect appeared in both of the consistent and inconsistent conditions. Overall, the results of the present study implied that object- and background-related visual processes operate in parallel while interchange information intimately at each level of the visual processing stages. The results also suggest that deployment of attention resource played an important role in the dynamic visual process.
43

認知年齡與品牌年齡一致性對不同產品類型品牌偏好程度之影響 / The effects of congruence between cognitive age and brand age on brand preference under different product types

黃昭蕙, Huang, Chao-hui Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的是探討消費者自我認知年齡 (Cognitive Age) 與品牌年齡之一致性程度,對其品牌偏好的影響。為使研究結果具一般性之參考價值,本研究不以單一產品為研究標的,而是將產品依其所滿足之消費者需求的不同,區分為功能型產品 (Utilitarian Product)、享樂型產品 (Hedonic Product) 與象徵型產品 (Symbolic Product) 三類,以產品類型做為調節變數,了解在不同產品類型下,消費者自我認知年齡與品牌年齡之一致性,對其品牌偏好之關係會有何種程度之變化。   有鑑於國內並未有類似之研究探討,本研究分兩階段進行,先透過次級資料探討確定消費者認知年齡與品牌年齡之差距,對消費者在品牌偏好度上之可能關係,在次級資料之研究結果與研究方向一致時,正式進行第二階段的調查,驗證研究假說。   研究結果顯示消費者之認知年齡確實不同於真實年齡,兩者間呈現正向相關之特性,顯示真實年齡高者,其認知年齡也會較高。在研究主效果上,消費者真實年齡與品牌年齡之一致性,以及消費者認知年齡與品牌年齡之一致性,都與消費者之品牌偏好度呈現正向影響關係,但其中以認知年齡之影響較為明顯,支持認知年齡對真實年齡與品牌偏好間之關係具中介效果。結果發現,消費者認知年齡與品牌年齡之一致性對品牌偏好度之關係,在象徵型產品上最為強烈,其次是享樂型產品,功能型產品最弱。   整體而言,認知年齡較傳統行銷所使用之真實年齡更能反映消費者之自我概念與品牌偏好,特別是對象徵型與享樂型產品。因此,若能妥善將認知年齡與其他人口統計變數搭配使用,將有助於行銷者掌握消費特性,擬定契合之品牌策略。此外,本研究建議象徵型產品廠商在其品牌管理上尤應注重目標消費者之認知年齡,諸如品牌年齡定位與代言人的選擇,都應配合其目標消費族群之認知年齡。 / The purpose of this study is to discuss the congruency of consumer’s cognitive age and perceived brand age on brand preference. In order to maximize the contri-bution of the study, this study examines 3 product types, namely functional, hedonic, and symbolic rather than choosing a single product. By using product types as mod-erator, the study shows the effect of consumer’s cognitive age and perceived brand age on brand preference changes under different types of products. Because there’s no similar study in Taiwan before, the study uses secondary da-ta to explore the relationship between a consumer’s brand preference and cogni-tive-brand age gap (the disparity between the consumer’s cognitive age and brand age). A second stage of investigation was conducted to verify the research assump-tions once the secondary data study and the results were found to be consistent. According to the results, the gap between consumer’s cognitive age and actual age actually exists, and the two of them are positively related, implying that older people have higher cognitive age. On the main effect, although “the congruency of consumer’s actual age and brand age” and “the congruency of consumer’s cognitive age and brand age” both have a positive relationship with brand preference, the relationship between “the congruency of consumer’s actual age and brand age” and “brand preference” is stronger, indicating that cognitive age has a mediating effect on the relationship between actual age and brand preference. Furthermore, the relationship between “the congruency of consumer’s cognitive age and brand age” is much more salient for symbolic products than hedonic products, while functional product consumer choices are the least affected by this relationship. To sum up, cognitive age tells us more about consumer self-image and brand preference than the traditional marketing variable, actual age. This is especially true for symbolic and hedonic products. Therefore, if marketers could combine cognitive age with other demographic variables, they will learn more about consumers and draw up the most appropriate strategy for their brand. Furthermore, this study re-commends that firms marketing symbolic products should take into account con-sumers’ cognitive age, when determining brand age positioning. The selection of ad-vertising actors should also be aligned with the target consumer’s cognitive age.
44

回饋預期一致性、程序公平、組織支持、個人特質對360度回饋態度與行為改變意圖之影響

林玉玲 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之主要目的在於探討影響主管人員對於360度回饋態度以及行為改變意圖的相關因素,這些因素包括回饋預期一致性、程序公平、組織支持、個人特質(內外控及成就動機)等。 本研究樣本為國內某建築業之主管,其中初階主管23人,中階主管51人,高階主管5人,共計79位主管。研究結果發現,程序公平、組織支持、與360度回饋態度、及行為改變意圖之間皆具有顯著的正相關;內外控與360度回饋態度及行為改變意圖之間皆不具有顯著正相關;成就動機與行為改變意圖之間具有顯著正相關,但與360度回饋態度之間並不具有顯著的正相關。變異數分析結果顯示,不同回饋預期一致性的受評者,其在360度回饋態度方面有顯著差異存在,然而在行為改變意圖上卻並未有顯著差異。此外,逐步迴歸分析結果顯示,以程序公平對於360度回饋態度的解釋變異量為最高(41%),而以360度回饋態度對於行為改變意圖的變異解釋量為最高(21%)。 本研究並進一步指出研究之限制,以及後續研究可以針對影響行為改變之相關因素、與組織文化等議題進行更深入的探討;此外,對於有意推行360度回饋之企業組織,本研究亦提供多項具體實務上的建議。
45

從眼動證據探究閱聽中文形聲字之音形映照 / Eye movement evidence for Phonological to orthographic mapping when reading and listening Chinese Phonograms

余姿幸, Yu, Tzu Hsing Unknown Date (has links)
語言系統中,形音之間的映照關係為一持續受到探討的議題。本篇論文旨在利用眼動閱讀實驗以及口語理解─視覺典範深入探究閱聽中文形聲字時,音形映照之存在性及其時序歷程。 本文進行兩個眼動實驗。實驗一旨在探究視覺的閱讀歷程中,中文的音形映照於詞彙層次和次詞彙層次之歷程及影響。結果顯示,同音字密度效果未達顯著,但音形對應一致性效果於晚期眼動指標中顯著呈現。顯示出音形映照於視覺詞彙辨識的晚期產生影響,並證實語音表徵和字形表徵於視覺處理中是互為雙向影響之觀點,實驗一結果並支持音至形的反向連結映照於視覺模式中具有其重要性。實驗二主要使用口語理解─視覺典範,進一步探究並檢驗音形映照於口語詞彙辨識過程中之時序及歷程。結果顯示,音形對應一致性效果於早期眼動指標中顯著呈現,隨後同音字密度效果於晚期眼動指標中顯著呈現。此研究結果支持雙向交互激發模型(BIAM)之假設,顯示詞彙辨識機制中,存在字音和字形表徵之間的動態交互連結;並證實字形表徵於口語詞彙辨識過程中時序性的影響。 整體而論,本研究整合形音映照之概念所衍生出的形音一致性效果及同音字密度效果,就視、聽兩種模式之眼動實驗,檢視音形映照歷程,並進一步提供音形映照的實驗證據,探究其於中文語言系統的文字辨識歷程中之影響力與重要性。 / The present study aims to examine the states of phonological to orthographic (P-O) mappings when reading and listening Chinese phonograms. Two eye tracking experiments regarding to visual and auditory modalities were conducted to explore the intrinsic nature and the temporal dynamics of P-O mappings in Chinese word recognition. Experiment 1 manipulated homophone density and P-O consistency to investigate the involvement of P-O mappings at lexical and sublexical levels during the reading process. The result of Experiment 1 revealed that the P-O consistency effect was evident in second-pass eye movement indices of total viewing time (TVT) and rereading rate (RRR), demonstrating a late occurrence of P-O consistency effect at a the verification stage in reading. The occurrence of P-O consistency is in accordance with the view that the phonological information and orthographic representation are activated in a bidirectional flow, which implies that the mappings from phonology to orthography were guaranteed during the reading process. Experiment 2 utilizes visual world paradigm to explore the P-O mappings in auditory modality and further inspect the temporal dynamic in listening Chinese spoken characters. The result demonstrated that the P-O consistency effect emerged approximately 300 ms earlier than the homophone density effect, reflecting the early P-O consistency effect and the relatively late HD effect during the temporal stage of spoken word recognition. The result also supports the bidirectional activation of orthographic and phonological codes during word recognition, demonstrating the notion that the dynamic influences of orthography representation on spoken word recognition are ubiquitous at both sub-lexical and lexical levels.
46

品牌個性契合度對於超高大樓指標性建築與城市間關係之影響-以台北101為例 / The Effects of Brand Personality Fit on the Relationship between Skyscraper and City-Taking Taipei 101 as an Example

彭依琳, Peng, I Lin Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,超高大樓型式之指標性建築,逐漸成為城市行銷的重點,並作為許多新興國家重新建立城市品牌,提升國際地位的利器。成功的指標性建築不僅可以吸引外國訪客,為當地增加觀光收入,更可以作為居民情感上的依歸,加強社群連結,增加歸屬感。本研究主要是以台北101為例,採用個性契合度為主軸,探討指標性建築與訪客間之關係如何影響其本身對於訪客的吸引力。而指標性建築是否真能增加城市之吸引力,而又應該與城市如何合作,始能增加雙方的吸引力,達到互蒙其利的效果。 本文研究架構主要包含台北101與消費者個性契合度、台北101與台北市個性契合度、以及旅遊知識分別與台北101、台北市之喜愛度、未來造訪意願以及推薦意願彼此間的交互關係。 研究結果顯示,對外國訪客而言,真實自我(理想自我)與指標性建築之個性契合度愈高,則對於指標性建築的未來造訪意願以及推薦意願(喜愛度)愈高。而對於指標性建築的喜愛度愈高,則對城市的喜愛度以及城市與指標性建築本身之未來造訪意願以及推薦意願有正向影響。而指標性建築與所在城市之個性契合度愈高則對於指標性建築的喜愛度、未來造訪意願以及推薦意願有正向影響。此外,旅遊知識多寡,對於城市與建築的喜愛度與未來造訪、推薦意願皆有正向影響。另一方面,對於本國居民而言,真實自我與指標性建築個性契合度愈高對於指標性建築之喜愛度有正向影響而對於推薦意願有負向影響。而指標性建築的喜愛度愈高對於城市的喜愛度、未來造訪意願以及推薦意願有正向影響。此外,指標性建築與所在城市個性契合度愈高,對於指標性建築之喜愛度、未來造訪意願以及推薦意願有負向影響,而對於城市之喜愛度與推薦意願則有正向影響。
47

以360度回饋探討影響主管人員行為改變意圖相關因素之實證研究 / The study of using 360-degree feedback to explore the factors affecting behavior change intention of managers

徐崇文, Hsu, Chung-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的主要是透過360度回饋的方式,進一步探討影響主管人員行為改變意圖的相關因素,這些因素包括評量正確性知覺、360度回饋滿意度、自我效能、組織支持、組織限制以及自他評一致性等。 本研究樣本為國內某建築業之主管,其中初階主管15人,中階主管42人,高階主管4人,共計61位主管。研究結果發現,評量正確性知覺、360度回饋滿意度、自我效能以及組織支持等變項與行為改變意圖之間均具有顯著正相關,然而組織限制與行為改變意圖之間則不具有顯著的負相關。變異數分析的結果顯示,不同自他評一致性程度的受試,其在評量正確性知覺上確實有顯著差異存在,然而在行為改變意圖上卻並未有顯著差異。事後比較進一步發現,「低估」組以及「一致低」組的受試在評量正確性知覺上顯著高於「高估」組,然而「一致高」組的受試在評量正確性知覺上則並未顯著高於「低估」組與「一致低」組。此外,逐步迴歸分析研究結果顯示,在評量正確性知覺、360度回饋滿意度、自我效能、組織支持以及組織限制等變項之中,以360度回饋滿意度對於行為改變意圖的變異解釋量為最高(30%)。 本研究並進一步指出研究之限制,以及建議後續研究者可以針對影響員工對於360度回饋的態度、個人行為改變決策歷程、友誼效應、訓練效果、電腦化、以及組織文化分析等議題進行更深入的探討;此外,對於有意推行360度回饋系統之企業組織,本研究亦提供多項實務上的建議。
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民事程序中違法取證可利用性之研究 / A Study on Admissibility of Evidence Obtained Illegally in Civil Procedure

劉承翰, Liu, Chen Han Unknown Date (has links)
違法取得之證據於民事訴訟上可否予以使用,涉及之層面甚為廣泛,最為相關者,即係對於發現真實之手段上,所容許最大界限之所在,此自涉及到民事訴訟制度上之價值判斷,因此欲釐清此一爭議問題,自有必要以民事訴訟之最上位法理,諸如發現真實之追求、民事訴訟制度之目的,以及促進訴訟等相關之基本理念予以探討,本文整理並歸納目前文獻上所提出之諸多理論,以違法取證可利用性之角度切入予以觀察,是否有所衝突抑或係理念相同之處,以尋求此議題於民事訴訟整體架構之定位;此外若係採取禁止使用之立場,為避免實質正義之完全剝奪,即須進一步探討民事訴訟制度之發展,是否已提供足以正當化禁止使用此類證據之正當性基礎,本文並以實務上最為常見之通姦案例為焦點,具體操作評估此理論基礎之可行性。 再者,職司審判之法院為達認定事實之要求,自須依自由心證而為證據取捨並為證據評價,此自為自由心證之內涵,而欲承認違法取得之證據將有禁止使用之可能者,自須探討是否法官得基於自由心證,而享有證據之利用自由,為釐清此一爭議,本文以證據能力之要件、證據能力與證據價值之區分、嚴格證明之要求,並進一步釐清民事訴訟法以及實務運作上對於各種證據能力之規範,以尋求違法取得之證據於自由心證之定位。 對於違法取得之證據倘若欲禁止使用,實務上所面臨到操作上之問題,即係基於何種理論基礎、何種審查方式、於審判程序何種階段予以審查、證據禁止之範圍均須一併納入探討之範圍予以釐清,而民事訴訟上違法取證之議題,外國法已發展出一套運作模式,因此本論文於此同時整理並歸納外國法之文獻,諸如英美法之證據排除法則之運作,以及德國法之證據禁止法則之介紹,並與我國法之制度運作互為參照比較,是否可為我國體系建構上之參考借鏡。 同時再以實務上較為常見之違反程序法,以即違反實體法所取得之證據,予以類型化分類,並以學說見解之介紹與實務見解之觀察與分析,探討是否有較為穩定性之運作模式,以符合法安定性。 最後基於實務見解對於此類議題已有為數不少之判決,本論文即以表格化之方式,予以呈現實務上目前對於證據禁止使用之審查方式為何、證據禁止使用之比例多寡、對於各種類型係以何種原因作為判斷可利用性之考量,期望能較為清楚目前實務見解對此一議題之走向。

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