美國與英國在未獲聯合國同意下對伊拉克發動戰爭，引發各國關注，在世界各地也掀起不小的反戰浪潮。筆者藉由此機會，選取兩岸三地平面媒體於美伊戰爭爆發至聯軍攻陷伊拉克首都巴格達期間的相關新聞報導，以檢視全球化傳播脈落下國際新聞資訊流通的現狀；對兩岸三地平面媒體處理國際新聞時的差異及特色進行瞭解與比較；印證兩岸三地平面媒體在處理美伊戰爭相關新聞時，也有為拉近陌生國際事件與本地閱聽眾的相關性而加入本地觀點的新聞馴化/新聞本地化過程；並藉由過去相關研究訪談所得的新聞馴化/新聞本地化策略，為兩岸三地新聞媒體的國際新聞馴化/新聞本地化程度進行比較。 本研究發現，即便在全球化的傳播脈絡之中，國際新聞資訊流通失衡的現象依舊未有所改變，兩岸三地平面媒體的國際新聞報導仍相當程度地依賴西方外電；多採用政治經濟實力強的國家，如英美等西方國家的外電消息；在新聞報導地區上，以英美為首的西方國家為報導重心；在新聞偏向上，也是以有利英美國家的新聞報導居多。 本研究也發現，由於傳播科技的發達，為兩岸三地新聞媒體造就了更多元的國際新聞外電取材來源與管道；國外新聞媒體外電取代過去傳統的通訊社，成為國際新聞外電來源的主力；而這現象意味著部分國家的新聞媒體已逐漸發展成全球性的新聞媒體集團，並享有全球性的新聞市場（如：CNN），為世界各地傳遞與提供新聞訊息。 雖然國際新聞資訊流通失衡的現象在全球化的傳播環境中絲毫未被動搖，但也並未對兩岸三地的新聞報導造成文化帝國主義學者擔心的同質化現象。兩岸三地平面媒體對於美伊戰爭相關新聞的報導，在報導形式、新聞來源、新聞主題、新聞報導地區與新聞偏向上都有所差異，並達到統計上的顯著程度。顯示即便兩岸三地媒體的國際新聞報導有相當程度依賴外電消息，但是由於兩岸三地的政治、經濟與新聞制度的不同，使得各地新聞工作者對於國際新聞的選取標準也有所不同，因而呈現出不同的國際新聞樣貌。 在新聞馴化/新聞本地化的部分發現，兩岸三地平面媒體在此次的美伊戰爭報導中皆有訪問權威人士、具有官方代表身份的相關人士、遠離家鄉或與家鄉有各種關連的『自己人』等新聞馴化/新聞本地化處理方式。整體來說，在兩岸三地平面媒體中，以蘋果日報的新聞馴化/新聞本地化程度最高，聯合報次之，人民日報第三，此排行與兩岸三地國際化程度相同，印證Robertson （1992）『本地化即是全球化的制度化』（Locality is globally institutionalized）的主張。

由於中國經濟快速的成長，綜合國力逐漸提升，更因成長趨勢顯著，不但引起世界各國的注意，並讓周邊國家及國際強權產生壓迫感，遂有「中國威脅論」的出現。自2003年下半年起，中國領導階層與主要分析家即開始提倡「和平崛起」概念為其未來數十年的戰略路線；因為中國領導人瞭解其快速提昇的全球經濟與安全事務影響力，已造成主要強權和亞洲各國的普遍憂慮後，正試圖以此概念向世界消毒。而「和平崛起」係中國研究歷史後，瞭解新力量崛起時可能產生的問題後所採行的國家戰略路線，希藉此向世界宣示其力求避免衝突的決心，本概念即係中國對「中國威脅論」的回應。 現代國家的國防安全已不是單純軍事範疇的問題，而是政府針對國家安全情勢需要，對政治、經濟、心理、軍事整體國力的統合運策施為，以確保國家安全的全面國務大政。承平時的「嚇阻」及戰爭時的「防衛」為推動國防政策的必要觀念；因此，外部的軍事威脅仍是影響各國國家安全的最主要因素。 中國積極推動軍事現代化的短期目標雖然還是在於以武力脅迫台灣，並準備可能的台海衝突，但長期而言，中國不僅有能力而且有野心去挑戰美國在亞洲區域內的霸權地位。比起美國近年超過3000億美元的軍事預算和先進的武器裝備，中國的軍力雖略顯渺小，但其增長的速度卻十分快速。自1990年代以來，中國官方的國防支出即以每年兩位數的成長率增加，中國的崛起以及伴隨而來的快速軍力擴張，已經成為影響海峽兩岸穩定與安全的最大變數。 國防建軍的理念，不在與敵人作量的競賽，而是建立一支高素質、高科技的精銳武力，以確實嚇阻敵人；因此，就現況而言，維持兩岸現況以及足夠的嚇阻力量，乃是降低兩岸動武機率的兩大要素。 / The rapid growth of China’s economy and advancement in national comprehensive power have drawn attention to the world. China’s neighboring countries and great powers are sensing the escalating pressures of “China Threat”. Since the second half of 2003, China’s leadership and analysts have initiated the concept of “Peaceful Rise” as China’s future strategy in the next few decades. China is now attempting to change the international community’s misconception toward China. The national defense is aimed to the need for the overall national security. National defense encompasses political, economical, psychological and military aspects rather than just for the military motive. To “deter” in the peace time and to “defense” in the war time are mayor concerns of national defense policy. Consequently, exterior military threat remains the top issue in each country’s national security. China’s military modernization for the short-term goal is to coerce Taiwan and prepare for any possible cross-straits confrontation. China not only has the ability but also the ambition to challenge the U.S. hegemony role in the Asia. China’s military budget is relatively small compared to the U.S. military expenses in the last few years. However, China’s military modernization is very phenomenal in the past few years. Since the 1990s, China’s official documents reveal that its military expense grows in the rate of more than 10 percent. The rising China and its rapid military expansion become the most unpredictable variables for the stability and security in the Cross-Straits region. The ideal type of building military forces is to build a high-quality and high-tech forces rather than to compete with the enemy in terms of figures. Inferring Maintaining status quo and have the forces to deter China’s military intention are two important factors to reduce the military confrontation in the Taiwan Strait.

近年中共在逐漸認知到台灣中南部民眾為擁護民進黨當局獨立訴求之強大力量後，相繼透過與台灣在野政黨合作、牽線，以及「放權讓利」式的大批「惠台措施」，冀求爭取農民好感與向心，進而潛移其政治意向。本論文的目的，乃是嘗試由最基層民意的觀點切入，探討中共此番作為的可操作性。作者以深度訪談 (in-depth interview)方式分析，農業貿易「惠台措施」的過程中，誰是真正的贏家? 再者，讓利措施是否真為解決台灣農產品產銷困境的及時雨？其真正意含為何？最後，農民對「中國」（中共）觀感能否因此變移？又是如何轉變?冀以跳脫一般的思維與視角，看待此一頗為特殊之兩岸經貿議題。 / Relations across the Taiwan Strait are complicated by “a deep political divide, but close socioeconomic integration.” China recently is aware of Taiwan farmers integrate huge power in the DPP’s independence advocacy, thus tries to sway their political tendency by utility of economic leverage in the form of tariff-free in fifteen species of Taiwan-grown fruit. Not knowing the effectiveness, this thesis aims at searching the truth by way of in-depth interviews with people of agricultural professional; and the narration reveals Taiwanese farmers are not the direct beneficiaries, sometimes even sufferers, in the whole process. Is fruit policy a carrot for Taiwanese farmers or a stick for the ruling government? The answer is hard to define. Other maneuvering tactics between the KMT and CCP and interests of fruit agents were hidden behind China’s so-called “good will” behavior.

兩岸發展競爭力消長，最近數年來尤為明顯。據瑞士洛桑管理學院(IMD)2007年全球競爭力評比，台灣排名自2005年之第11名滑落至2007年之第18名；中國大陸則由31名提升到第15名，首度超越台灣。彼長我消之因素頗多，牽涉問題亦深且不易解。例如兩岸的統獨之爭，國內的內閣更迭波潮不斷，及政局穩定度、政策一致性、社會凝聚力，以及投資誘因力道等表現相對脆弱。相對於中國大陸，則是彼岸發展處於強勢有利時期，正所謂對岸屬「政經和諧」時期，台灣則處於「政熱經冷」時期，而兩岸間亦依舊停留於「政冷經熱」階段。對岸目前所走的路線恰好是台灣三、四十年前以「經濟為導向」的發展途徑，此為兩岸政、經發展消長最明顯的地方。縱使台灣在自由民主、發明專利、通膨水準、高科技產品、科技人才仍占有優勢，亦或政府大力協助廠商布局全球，如果兩岸未能和諧發展，則仍將難於突破當前困境，或競爭力將持續陷入每下愈況的困局。 本論文研究目的主要針對台灣與中國大陸國力發展之消長過程與趨勢，及兩岸互動對台灣是威脅或是機會，探討台灣發展新思維及應採措施，亦即如何趨吉避凶，乃為本論文研究之預期目標。本論文首次引用決策模式──層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP），將兩岸複雜問題系統化，以簡易之結構化思考架構下，由不同層面給予層級分(析)解，讓決策者迅速研判台灣之兩岸發展之優選策略，或據以實施。首先以過去有關兩岸政治、經濟、國防、外交等政策文獻，作為構思研擬台灣當前與未來急需優先採行的重大策略後，隨即親訪產、官、研專家，擬訂AHP層級分析法問卷調查所需問題界定，構建層級結構。即第一層為全方位優選策略，第二層為政治和諧(I1)、經濟發展(I2)、國防安全(I3)與全球化(I4)等四大主題，第三層為各主題內之各子(次要)項(各細分五子項，合計20子(次要)項)。 AHP層級分析法略以總群(組)體(total)、偏經濟專長大於40歲（eco>40）及小於四十歲(eco<40)、偏政策專長大於40歲(pol>40)及小於40歲(pol<40)等五個分類組別，輸入計算軟體結果分析比較得知，不論總群體組或不同各次群組，即不分何種專長、年齡層都以經濟發展(I2)為首選指標，其餘三大主題(項)依次為國防安全、全球化及政治和諧，但彼此權重之高低卻在伯仲之間(詳本論文第四章第三節結果分析)。足見且印證了經濟發展是當前兩岸發展中台灣之首要任務，亦為國內人民、企業界和國外世界級跨國管理大師之共同關注焦點。 本論文採用文獻及當前問題趨勢分析，配合訪談及應用「層級分析法」結果，顯示層級分析法是一種簡易又便捷的優選決策工具。不但可免去一般繁複卷數、人力之累，且其分析結果雖僅具少數專家卓見，卻能充分反映多數人的看法和企求目標，也頗符合「二八法則」管理關鍵原則，值得推廣應用。本論文研究之結論與建議事項，或可提供有關當局施政之參考。 / The rise and fall of competitiveness between China and Taiwan has fluctuated dramatically in recent years. According to the latest IMD World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2007 (published on May 10th 2007), the ranks of Taiwan dropped from 11th in 2005 to 18th in 2007. On the contrary, China’s rank increased from 31st to 15th in the corresponding period of time. This is the first time China’s ranking overtook Taiwan. There are a lot of factors involved of the rise in China and the fall of Taiwan; the problems involved are complicated and hard to solve. There are numerous examples, such as the disputes about Taiwan’s cross strait status, the frequent change of the cabinets in Taiwan, as well as the political instability, policy inconsistency, the social cleavage, and the lack of attraction for investment in Taiwan. These problems have only improved a little when they are compared to China’s progress. China is in the stage of fast development, and both of the political and economical circumstances are in harmony. In contrast, the Taiwan government has focused on political issues rather than how to solve economical problems in the recent years. In addition to this, the cross-strait issues focus more on economical than political issues. Now, the road taken by China, happens to be the road that was taken by Taiwan government, which emphasized “economical-oriented policies” 30 to 40 years ago. This is the most noticeable aspect of the comparison of political and economical development across the strait. Taiwan has the advantage in freedom, patents, the inflation situation, high-tech products, and technology elites. The Taiwan government also spares no effort in assisting companies’ global layout. If the cross-strait situation cannot be improved, the current situation will be difficult to solve. In the end, the competitiveness of Taiwan will worsen. The target of this thesis lies on analysis of the process and tendency of rise and fall of national power across the strait, as well as discussion about whether or not cross-strait cooperation is a threat or an opportunity for Taiwan. It discusses the new thinking and measures of development that Taiwan should take. In other words, how to make good decisions and avoid bad policies is the goal of this thesis. This is the first time the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to systematize complicated problems cross strait. By using simplified structural thinking, different levels of problems are analyzed by the AHP. This way, policy makers can judge what are strategies are better to take for cross strait development, and may put them into practice in the future. In the beginning of this thesis, documents concerning cross-strait political affairs, economy, national defense, and foreign affairs were used as references to design major strategies that needed to be solved presently and in the future in Taiwan. Later, experts from industries, the government, and the research field were interviewed to design questions in the survey according to the AHP, and to make the structure of different levels. The first level is about policies in priority in every aspect. The second one is about political stability (I1), economical development (I2), national security (I3), and globalization (I4). The third level is about sub-items of each item (five sub-items of each and 20 sub-items in total). The AHP was divided into five groups: total, those with the specialty over 40 years of age (eco>40) and under (eco<40), those with the specialty of policy-making over 40 years of age (pol>40) and under (pol<40). After the five classified data was analyzed by computer software, the result showed that both the total and different sub-groups, people in different ages and with different specialties, all chose economic development (I2) as their choice in priority. The other three selective items in order were national security, globalization, and political stability. However, the differences among them were very slim (Please refer to the results and analysis in Chapter 4.3). This proves that economic development should be the primary mission in current cross-strait development. It is also a common concern by the people, companies, and international masters of management. In this thesis, documents and the current problems according to the AHP were adopted. With the interviews and results from the AHP, it showed that AHP is an easy and convenient tool to make prioritize policies. It not only can save the time and efforts of giving out large numbers of the survey, but the result can truly reflect opinions and goals pursued by the majority, even though only the opinions of a limited number of experts were taken. This also meets the 80/20 principle of the crucial rule of management. Meanwhile, it can also draw conclusion and suggestions in this thesis in providing policy-making references to the government. It shall be promoted and applied with great exertion.

一個國家的政府，無論其規模大小，必會具有地方性層次的思考；當一國追求在其週邊區域上更具影響力時，並成為區域的強權，則以地區性層次的考量來決定國家安全政策制定；而少數能在國際政治影響力的國家，其政府有其專屬的世界地緣政治觀，其是以全球的角度來制定其國家戰略。本文所研究的核心目的是兩岸關係中台灣的戰略價值。 　　二戰後國際局勢丕變，各國戰略利益縱橫交錯，不是單存的地緣關係，而是多從性質的政治、經濟和軍事利益的制約與聯合，因此地緣戰略在整個國家戰略中的地位日益重要。 　　台灣是亞洲地緣戰略的重要部分，在兩岸關係與各國的利益關係影響極大。正因為台灣處在這東亞第一島鏈的戰略要衝上，其戰略價值的重要性是不可言喻，就中國而言，掌控台灣，則中國海防無憂，失去台灣，則中國戰略縱深將縮數百公里，對其政治、經濟及軍事上均有深層的影響；另外，對美、日等東亞地區大國國家利益影響亦有一定的衝擊。總的來說「台海兩岸未來關係的重大變數，使得台灣問題變得不僅更難處理，甚至還會為東亞地區帶來動盪不安的局勢」。 學生試圖從兩岸關係的地緣的角度來分析台灣的政治、經濟及軍事的戰略價值，並探究在全球化的發展下，台灣將會面臨什麼樣的地緣戰略？為了台灣的國家安全、生存與利益，要如何作為？及台灣的戰略價值對兩岸關係中的另一個主角─中共未來發展會有什麼影響？則是個 人研究的規劃與方向。 / Regardless of its scale, a government must have the ability to process consideration on local issues when making different kinds of national strategies. When a country pursues its power on marginal areas to become regional authority, it usually makes its national security policies based on local considerations. For the very few nations that have certain power on international politics, their governments have their specific viewpoints of international geographic politics, which is that they make their national strategies based on international viewpoints. This study aims to discuss the core value of Taiwan in cross-Strait relations. After World War II, each country share strategic interests with different countries. Relations between countries are not confined to neighbors anymore. They have become multiple restrictions and alliance in terms of politics, economy, and military. Therefore, geographic strategies have become more and more important in a country’s national strategies. In terms of geographic strategy, Taiwan is an important part in Asia. It has a great influence on cross-Strait relations and the interests of different countries. Because Taiwan is located at the major juncture on the First Island Chain in East Asia, its importance and strategic values are of no doubt. To China, controlling Taiwan means no worries about treads from the Strait. However, losing Taiwan means that China’s strategic depth would be hundreds of miles shorter, which would cause great influences on its politics, economy, and military. Moreover, it would also cause great impacts on the interests of the United States and some powerful countries in East Asia like Japan. To sum up, the great variability in the relations between the two sides of the Strait has made Taiwan issue tougher to manage. It is even possible to cause instability in East Asia area. In this study, I attempt to analyze Taiwan’s strategic values in terms of politics, economy, and military from the angle of geographic relations of the two sides of the Strait, and to discuss the geographic strategies that Taiwan might face with the development of globalization. Specifically, I aim to discuss how Taiwan should react to all these challenges in order to ensure national security and interests, and what the effects are that the strategic values of Taiwan have on the future development of China.

本論文共分七章，主要係探究兩岸人民關係條例中婚姻之規定，故自第二章首就《兩岸法律衝突之定位及性質》揭開臺灣地區與大陸地區間法律適用之問題，並進一步探究臺灣地區與大陸地區間已而形成之特殊區際法律衝突，包括其意義、形成之原因，並說明兩岸人民關係條例於法律上之定性及應用之分際；最後提出解決兩岸交流衍生之法律衝突問題可行之立法模式。而後進入本文探討兩岸人民關係條例所制定之各準據法之適法性，如兩岸人民關係條例第五十二條結婚與離婚要件之準據法、第五十三條結婚與離婚效力之準據法及第五十四條夫妻財產制之準據法，透過與涉外民事法律適用法規定之比較，檢討兩岸人民關係條例是否有修正之必要並提出立法建議。除此之外為因應涉陸假結婚事件頻傳及有關婚姻成立生效要件論述之完整性，亦一併討論涉陸假結婚等相關問題。而於第六章則論及兩岸因歷史及政治因素所造成重婚之問題，本章乃以兩岸人民關係條例第六四條有關重婚之特別規定作為楔子，自釋字第二四二號解釋出發，類型化各種重婚之類型，提出司法院大法官會議作成之解釋並評析其適當與否，末以兩岸面對所謂「變相的重婚問題-包二奶」必須具備的應有態度及應對方式作結。本文之撰寫乃係期待兩岸朝向正常的婚姻交流模式發展的同時，在規範兩岸私法問題之相關規範亦能與時俱進，給予兩岸人民最適切之法律保障。

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近年來，大陸政經環境的逐漸改善，以及我政府兩岸政策的漸漸開放，使得「大陸投資」與「根留台灣」成為產業的熱門話題。 所以，是否大陸的環境適合所有產業的發展， 哪些產業適合外移？倘若廠商決定赴大陸投資，又該如何外移？這些問題都值得廠商再三思考。 因此，本研究之主旨， 希望藉由對電子業三個子產業的探討，以回答下列問題：1.電子業的競爭優勢有哪些， 相對大陸的優勢如何？個別產業之間是否有所不同？其深層的原因為何？ 2.競爭優勢如何影響產業的兩岸分工策略？個別產業間有何差異？3.電子業在兩岸分工過程中， 與政府政策的關係如何？個別產業間有何差異？本研究係採取探索性個案研究， 由現象中發現問題，經由理論與文獻的探討，建立適當的思考架構。 經由架構的建立，進一步由產業專家的深入訪談，發掘與問題相關的變數。 然後，將變數與問題經由理論的推演，探討出變數與變數之間，變數與問題之間的因果關係。 在深入分析文獻之後，發展出本研究的命題並加以說明。研究結論如下：1.不同的產業在不同的價值活動上， 有不同的相對優弱勢。 2.不同的產業，各價值活動對競爭優勢的貢獻不同，亦即，不同的產業有不同的關鍵活動。 3.不同的產業，應採取不同的兩岸分工策略，其策略目標在於發揮已掌握的關鍵優勢，或是補強未掌握的關鍵優勢。4.不同的產業，對政府政策的需求不同。 政府政策的目標，在於維持產業的關鍵優勢，或是扭轉產業的關鍵劣勢。 5.政府的兩岸政策與產業的競爭態勢，應是相互影響､相互改變的動態關係。

本研究以兩構面「技術知識的特質」和「知識創新管理」探討台灣母公司與大陸子公司間之新產品專案進行方式。以技術知識的特質分類中之技術知識的複雜度、技術知識的可分割程度、技術知識的外顯程度、技術知識的標準化程度和技術知識的路徑相依度，研究台灣母公司和大陸子公司合作進行專案，其中著重在專案內知識管理流程和技術特質間的相關性探討，在兩岸合作的專案中主要以台商直接投資大陸的廠商為個案內容，也就是進行於台灣母公司和大陸子公司間的專案。 　　而所探討的產業為資訊硬體產業，在產業中個案的選擇考量以廠商產品種類集中、專案產品與企業業務內容一致、投資大陸時間長和廠商在產業內為領先廠商為主，選擇廠商業務內容有資訊儲存設備、資訊產品精密零組件、電腦輸入裝置、電腦鍵盤、LCD背光板和數據機等六個個案，為個案分析的主體。 　　研究所得的結論為「技術知識複雜度會影響專案團隊的異質性」、「技術知識可分割程度影響兩岸之間合作模式」、「技術知識可分割程度會影響專案溝通進行方式」、「技術知識外顯程度會影響專案知識在兩岸間的交付模式」、「技術知識外顯程度會影響專案負責人所具備的知識背景」、「技術知識標準化程度會影響知識的主要來源」、「技術知識路徑相依度與大陸子公司技術能耐有關」、「資訊硬體產業內中小企業投資大陸主要受兩股力量的影響，其中一股拉力來自人工成本的考量，另一股推力來自企業客戶的壓力」等。 　　並依研究結論提出具體建議，對產業界提出針對投資的外部環境和廠商內部組織運作上兩方面，在投資外部環境上有「掌握大陸經營環境的變化」、「善用大陸的資源」、「重視產業互動和加強廠商互助」等，在廠商內部組織運作上有「廣泛的吸收資源網路中的知識並引進不同背景的員工」、「建構資訊管理系統有效儲存知識」、「利用知識技術的可分割性，建立企業的競爭優勢」、「有效運用組織內部成員意見，促進產品知識創新」等具體建議。 / This study discussed how the characteristics of technological knowledge influence the knowledge management, including input, adsorption and integration, storage, and circulation via NPD project in Taiwan and Mainland China. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to discuss the following topics: 　　1. How does the knowledge transfer via NPD project from Taiwanese company to China subsidiary company? 　　2. What characteristics of technological knowledge do the NPD projects have in Taiwanese company and China subsidiary company? 　　3. What is the relationship between the characteristics of technological knowledge and NPD project knowledge management? 　　According to the analyses of six cases in computer manufacturing industry, the study has generated the following conclusions: 　　1. The complexity of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the composition of team members. 　　2. The segmentation of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the model of cooperation in the project in Taiwanese company and China subsidiary company. 　　3. The segmentation of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the communication style in the project. 　　4. The explicitness of technological knowledge can affect the model of project transfer. 　　5. The explicitness of technological knowledge can affect the background of project leader. 　　6. The standardization of technological knowledge can affect the input of knowledge. 　　7. The relative technology ability in China subsidiary company can affect the path dependency of technological knowledge. 　　8. Two driving forces influence the investment in computer manufacturing industry in Mainland China, one is customer's suggestion, the other is labor costs.