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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

三民主義的企業倫理觀

孫鐵漢, Sun, Tie-Han Unknown Date (has links)
本書共分八章,內容摘要如下:第一章緒論:申論三民主義企業倫理觀的重要性。第 二章企業的意識形態:現代企業由狹義的謀利觀念轉變為開放負責的態度。第三章企 業的社會責任:現代企業除謀利外兼懷崇高的抱負擔負更多的社會責任。第四章自由 經濟與多元社會:政府的施政本於自由企業的精神實施有計劃的自由經濟制度。第五 章企業與政府:政府貫徹民生主義社會經濟政策維護自由企業健全公營事業,實施均 富目標建立福利社會。第六章企業與勞工:改善勞動條件保障勞工權益。第七章企業 與社會:防治公害污染保護消費者權益,及受用廣告維護大眾利益。第八章結論:樹 立現代社會道德規範,培養守法習慣,企業界應抱以責任感、服務觀的胸懷,造福人 群。
212

行為科學在責任會計上之應用

周齊平, Zhou, Zhai-Ping Unknown Date (has links)
責任會計是近代企業分權經管下的一種管理工具,但制度本身並不能替代管理,必須 透過人員的有效執行,且責任會計是以人為中心,因只有人才能授予權力、追究責任 。企業必須以授權與分權為前題,透過員工的接受與參與、目標一致與激勵等行為因 素的配合,才能發揮責任會計制度的功效。因此,本論文係針對責任會計制度的設計 與實施方面有關的行為因素,作進一步的探討;共壹冊、六萬字左右,分六章十八節 ;分別就行為科學與責任會計之關係、制度設計、績效標準設定、控制、及績效評估 等方面,作次級資料的研究與分析。玆就論文大綱簡介於后: 第一章 行為科學與責任會計之科技整合 第二章 行為科學與責任會計之制度設計 第三章 行為科學與責任會計之績效標準設定 第四章 行為科學與責任會計之控制 第五章 行為科學與責任會計之績效評估 第六章 結論與建議
213

著作權法刑事責任之研究 / 以重製權與散布權為中心

馮達發, Feng,Da-Fa Unknown Date (has links)
本文首先簡介我國著作權法之現行制度以及司法審判實務之見解。開場者,係我國目前正進行中之著作權法修正草案及相關討論。接著,為便於後續著作權刑罰必要性之檢討,乃說明我國著作權法關於著作權內容之必要。在此部份中首要說明的是,依我國著作權法之相關規定,「著作」須符合那些要件,方屬我國著作權法保護之「著作」,從而著作人享有該「著作權」?一般認為,「著作」應符合原創性、客觀化、屬於文學、科學、藝術或其他學術範圍,以及非不得為著作權標的之著作。 在說明著作權要件後,接著要介紹者是著作權之內容。依我國著作權法第三條第一項第三款之規定,著作權包含著作人格權與著作財產權等兩個派生權利。就著作人格權而言,內涵包含公開發表權、姓名表示權、以及同一性保持權。而著作財產權則包含重製權、公開口述權、公開播送權、公開上映權、公開演出權、公開展示權、改作權、編輯權、出租權等。其中,重製、公開口述、公開播送、公開上映、公開演出、改作、公開發表等之定義,明文於著作權法第三條第一項諸款。 於著作權要件及內容之後,本文簡介著作權法中之刑罰規定。此部份主要是體系化介紹關於著作權法所規範之刑罰規定,並檢討我國審判實務之見解。此部份主要是配合後續關於著作權侵害行為之態樣之探討,進而討論我國現行著作權侵害刑罰之刑度是否妥適?另外,此部份亦將對於著作權合理使用之做一簡介。依我國著作權法相關規定,諸如行為人「合理使用」他人著作時,即不構成侵害著作權等。 在說明完我國現行著作權法規定,以及司法審判實務見解之後,本文進行檢討前述我國著作權法司法審判實務之見解,探討我國司法審判實務在論斷著作權侵害犯罪時,是否亦嚴格貫徹刑事體系相關原則,例如罪刑法定原則、無罪推定原則等等。 接著檢討我國著作權法刑罰規定,此討論將以著作權侵害之刑罰為核心,其餘部份非本文之範圍。首先討論的是,著作權之侵害行為,究有無科以刑罰之必要?按我國法律體系下,行為人責任可為三類:民事責任、行政責任、以及刑事責任,而依一般見解認為,責任之輕重者,以刑事責任為最重,民事責任為最輕,行政責任則居其間。在我國此種法律責任體系下,侵害著作權之行為,惡性有達科以刑罰之必要嗎?再者,科予行為人刑罰所表彰者,乃行為人之反社會性,然在著作權侵害之情形,特別是在我國民情下,行為人有表彰反社會性嗎?從而,應科予行為人刑罰? 依學者通說認為,著作權屬於財產權之一種,但此種財產權與一般財產權最大之不同,係在於一般財產權之客體往往為所有人所「獨有」,然而,就著作權而言,著作人之著作內容往往僅某小部份為其所「獨有」,從而著作權,特別是著作財產權,是否須與一般財產權作相同程度之保護? 從著作權立法政策觀之,著作權之現實目標在於保障著作權人之經濟利益,於此種前提下,有效遏止一般人為著作權侵害之行為,當係首要目標,至於是否科予刑罰恐非主要目標,而科以刑罰應僅在希望達成恫嚇之效果。準此以言,取締、處罰之有效性以及訴追之便利性方屬著作權法立法政策所追求者。 在有效性而言,透過行政機關之行政行為,科以行政罰實屬上策。至於被懲處之行為人,則可透過行政爭訟予以救濟。在便利性而言,所涉者往往為著作權侵害之舉證問題。因而,關於著作權之侵害,只要能解決有效性及便利性,似無科以重刑之必要。 最後,本文提出對我國著作權制度之建言,並重新審視三二六行政院版。末了,將以對我國著作權制度應有之立法政策提出建言,以代結語。
214

汽車責任保險受害第三人直接請求權之探討

林新裕, Lin Hsin Yu Unknown Date (has links)
論文摘要: 汽車為現代人不可或缺之交通工具,汽車責任保險關乎社會大眾權益甚巨,不僅僅是保險人與被保險人兩者之間保險契約之關係,尚且關乎汽車意外事故受害第三人之權利,而每個人都有可能成為汽車意外事故之受害第三人。故保障受害第三人之權益即是保障多數人之權益。為使受害第三人之權益能獲得充分周全之保障,於汽車責任保險之中,創立受害第三人直接請求權制度,實不失為一良法。然而於我國無論是強制汽車責任保險受害第三人直接請求權制度抑或是任意汽車責任保險受害第三人直接請求權制度,均存有若干疑義及缺失,因而引發筆者研究動機。本文之研究方法為(1)、比較法研究及(2)、邏輯架構分析法。將全文分成七章予以論述,主要之研究內容為,以責任保險之意義、思潮及功能為開端,進而論述責任被保險人之保險給付請求權及受害第三人之直接請求權並闡述責任被保險人、責任保險人與受害第三人三者彼此之關係及保險給付請求權與直接請求權競合之處理,並進一步檢視我國現行關於受害第三人直接請求權法令規範之缺失,參酌外國立法例及學說,提出改進建議,期能使我國之受害第三人直接請求權制度,邏輯趨於圓滿一致,以杜絕適用疑義,廣增大眾福祉。 / Abstract: An automobile has become a necessary transportation vehicle for modern people. The automobile liability insurance plays an important role on everyone’s rights in our society. The insurance contract doesn’t only signify the relationship between an insurer and the insured , but also refers to the injured third party’s rights during the automobile accident. Because everyone may become a possible automobile accident injured third party, to protect the injured third party’s right means to protect everybody’s citizenship. In order to preserve the injured third party’s right exactly and sufficiently, it is a good method to establish the legislation system empowering the injured third party possessing the authority to exert the automobile liability. However, as far as the injured third party’s action is concerned, there are flaws and imperfection in the system of compulsory automobile liability insurance and optional automobile liability insurance in our country. That is the motivation of this study and the reason why the author draws this paper. The research methods of this paper are the comparative method and the logic framework analysis method. This paper is consisted of seven chapters. The major content of this paper begins with the significance, development and function of the liability insurance. Then, this paper will discuss the right of the liability insured’s payment claim and the injured third party’s direct action, analyze the relationship among the liability insurer, the liability insured and the injured third party, and exposit how to handle the conflict between the right of the liability insured’s payment claim and the injured third party’s direct action. Furthermore, it is important to inspect the imperfection of the current laws and regulations of the injured third party’s direct action in Taiwan. After considering the spirits of the foreign country’s laws, the researcher will pose and recommend the improving methods for the law system of the injured third party’ direct action in our country. The suggestions try to make the law system more coherent and more logical, to eradicate the mess situation in practice, and to fortify the public welfare.
215

論專利保險之法律問題

林恆毅 Unknown Date (has links)
專利保險可分為「專利侵權責任保險」及「專利訴訟費用保險」。狹義之專利訴訟費用保險係指為專利權人、專屬被授權人、或經明確受託訴權之非專屬被授權人等規劃之保險。該些被保險人欲請求專利侵權損害賠償時,得向保險人請求給付律師費、訴訟費用或仲裁費用;惟有實務保單條款約定保險人得請求分配被保險人受領之損害賠償金,此約定是否能通過我國公序良俗條款之檢驗,不無疑義。至於專利侵權責任保險,係為潛在侵權人所規劃之保險。此類保險之承保範圍雖及於侵權損害賠償,但就我國保險法制而言,其實務保單條款仍有許多調整空間。其中最主要者,係被保險人所為確認專利無效等請求所生費用,於實務保單中受保險金額之限制;然其既具有損害避免或減輕之性質,於我國保險法,不僅保險人有償還責任,其償還數額與賠償金額合計即使超過保險金額,仍應償還。
216

會計師法律責任對經理人舞弊與會計師查核努力水準之研究

簡駿貿 Unknown Date (has links)
在美國,會計師界多主張受到不公平的法律對待,一直到現在,他們對於未偵測到的重大財務報表誤述,多需負起「連帶賠償」的責任,因此近二十年來會計師團體一直極力爭取更為寬鬆的「比例賠償」制度,終於在最近幾年得到逐步地改善;但另一方面,投資人則擔心「比例賠償」制度的實施,將會使得投資人在面臨被告經理人沒有能力償還賠償時,無法從被告會計師身上取得補償而降低對其之保護。有鑑於此項議題之爭議不斷,本研究欲藉由檢視會計師法律責任會如何影響經理人的舞弊行為以及會計師的查核努力,以釐清會計師法律責任對審計失敗的影響。 本研究修正Patterson and Wright (2003)的分析模型,進一步以經理人策略性選擇舞弊金額的情況加入賽局模型,探討在審計品質只受會計師查核努力與其同時受到會計師查核努力和經理人舞弊金額的兩種審計情境下,不同會計師法律賠償責任對於會計師最適查核努力和經理人舞弊金額選擇之影響。 □ 本研究發現,無論在何種審計情境下,若會計師被裁定應負擔法律賠償比率與其早先的查核努力水準間有相當程度之敏感性時,則在比例賠償制度下,會計師的查核努力水準將會大於連帶賠償制度下所投入的水準,如此將使得財務報表的查核品質提升,增加對投資人事前的保護。本研究之結果希冀能提供國內主管機關在制訂會計師法律賠償責任時的參考依據。 / In America, the audit profession contends legal practices treat auditors unfairly. Until recently, they have been held jointly and severally liable for undetected material misstatements and have had to pay their own legal fees whether or not they prevail in court. Hence, they have asked for proportionate liability regime in decades and have got some success. A primary concern about proportionate liability is its potential effects on stockholders. Opponents claim that proportionate liability would decrease investor protection when managers are bankrupt due to the reduction in compensatory payments from auditors. Until now, this controversy still exists. To understand how auditor’s legal liability affects audit failure, this study focuses on the impacts of auditor’s legal liability on management fraud and audit effort. Based on Patterson and Wright (2003) analytical model, this study investigates the effectiveness of proportionate liability in reducing the amount of management fraud and the audit failure rate relative to joint and several liability in two strategic audit settings: one that audit quality is affected by audit effort and one that audit quality is affected by both audit effort and the amount of management fraud. My results show that a proportionate liability rule with large marginal liability relief for audit quality can effectively decrease the amount of management fraud and the audit failure rate relative to joint and several liability in both strategic audit settings. This result would provide valuable reference in auditor’s legal liability determination for policy-makers and regulators.
217

「企業雜誌」社會責任之研究-以大同公司《大同雜誌》為例

陳瑞中, Chen, Ruey-Jong Unknown Date (has links)
媒體面臨多元化、自由競爭的激烈挑戰,往往在MBA參與經營(林添貴譯,2000)、市場導向的考量下(蘇鑰機,1997;McManus,1994),媒體會以廣告業績、發行量掛帥,而枉顧了新聞媒介的專業意理,以及媒介應有的社會責任,成為社會爭議的工具,也成為國家整體競爭力提升或沉淪的重要力量。 公開向社會大眾市場發行的各種視聽媒體,因為面臨市場慘烈的競爭壓力,對社會中堅份子普遍要求自律、社會責任的呼籲,回應似並不盡理想,公眾媒體的亂象於是更遭人詬病。 「企業雜誌」是企業文化的表徵,從「企業雜誌」是否可一窺企業在經營追求獲利之外,行有餘力,也會去關心周遭的環境與社會?並對周遭的環境保護、社會正義及人文理想等投入關懷,並盡一份心力?值得企業人及社會大眾重視,更值得傳播工作者關切。 從「企業雜誌」的內容、訴求及編排,是否也可反映出一些企業負責人的經營理念、組織文化與機構特徵?是否可以分析出企業對社會責任履行的標準?而「企業雜誌」有沒有一定的標準模式或典範?應可作為各家企業或傳播人士在投入「企業雜誌」編輯的參考。 本研究期盼經由《大同雜誌》月刊逾廿年的發展歷程,找出脈絡軌跡,找到可以為企業加分及社會加分雙贏的模式,並藉此一研究,喚起有關企業及傳播人士,對此一領域的重視。 / The media confronts intensive challenges from the open market. Under the partnership with MBAs (林添貴譯, 2000) and the consideration of market-driven (蘇鑰機, 1997; McManus,1994), the media puts the main focus on its publicity to increase sale and the circulation but neglects the professional ideology of news media and the social responsibility the media should have. The media has become the tool for controversies in the society and the primary influence on the overall competitiveness of a nation. Because of the intensive pressure of competition in the market, the mass media does not seem to be self-disciplined and socially responsible as the elites are supposed to be in the society. People are also disgusted of the chaos within the public media. Corporate magazines is the representation of the Corporate culture. Do the Corporate magazines show any sign that the business put in effort in caring about the surrounding environment and society besides pursuing benefits? Do they put in effort in environmental protection, social justice and cultural ideals? This is something on which the businessmen and the public should put emphasis and about which the media workers should concern. Do the content, pursuit and layout of the Corporate magazines reflect some of the executive ideals, organizational culture and corporal characteristics? Could we analyze the standard of a business toward performing social responsibility from them? Is there a certain standard format or paradigms for Corporate magazines? All of the above should be able to be a reference for individual business and media workers in editing Corporate magazines. From the twenty-year development of “Tatung monthly”, this study hopes to find the format that can improve both the business and the society. Moreover, this study hopes to bring this field to related business and media workers’ attention.
218

汽車分期付款買賣之研究

蔡炎暾, Tsai,Yen-dun Unknown Date (has links)
由汽車分期付款買賣坊間車商之定型化契約條款出發,依民法、消保法檢討相關約款之合理、正當性。
219

論傷害保險之保險事故

張傑雄 Unknown Date (has links)
傷害保險之機能不但隨著現代社會之需要而變化,而傷害保險事業也可說已經蓬勃發展。然而,有關傷害保險之爭訟日益增多,尤其在保險事故的認定上,更是屢屢出現各種爭議,並逐漸有類型化之趨勢。 為此,立法院於民國九十二年一月二十二日,增訂保險法第一百三十一條第二項規定:「前項意外傷害,指非由疾病引起之外來突發事故所致者。」徵其目的,乃在於透過法律位階明文定義傷害事故,以期定紛止息,然在其他保險先進國家,此種立法例極為鮮見。 有鑑於傷害保險屬於保障人身意外傷害事故之重要險種,在傷害保險事故之認定上卻爭訟不斷,而上述最新之明文立法方式,是否真能解決紛爭,即有待檢驗。此外,在某些案例中,醫學鑑定報告及法醫學上的判斷雖不可欠缺,但在保險事故的認定與判斷方面,法律整理工作更是前提要件,例如保險事故之要件、舉證責任之歸屬等等。本文即欲引介並檢視其他保險先進國家對意外傷害認定爭議問題之處理方式,以作為我國處理相同爭議之借鏡。
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強制汽車責任保險資訊不對稱問題探討 / The Information Asymmetry of Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance

徐敏珍, Hsu, Ming-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
強制汽車責任保險自1998年1月1日實施至今,立法精神及施行成效深受社會大眾肯定。隨著社會安全制度的持續發展,持續進行全盤檢討,並於2005年2月5日公布新修正強制汽車責任保險法,3月1日正式實施。 由於強制汽車責任保險風險分類直接反應於費率計算,資訊不對稱容易形成道德風險,被保險人與保險人產生顯著資訊落差,保險人無法合理歸類被保險人風險特性,保費計算上易受外界雜訊所影響,產生嚴重道德風險。為降低資訊不對稱的成本增加,保險輔助人成為被保險人與保險人間資訊傳遞的重要中介機構。如何健全保險輔助機構的執業規範及分工定位,以降低資訊不對稱所造成之負面影響,成為強制汽車責任保險的重要監理議題。 本研究主要檢視現行強制汽車責任保險制度,如何有效規範保險輔助人,強化保險作業與交通監理作業降低資訊不對稱成本,討論具體措施諸如設立保費查詢中心、確保理賠損失資料之正確性、各項財務資訊揭露透明度與落實保險人之差異化管理政策,並歸納具體建議如下: 一、 建立強制汽車責任保險專屬網站,強化資訊揭露; 二、 交通監理作業投保查詢應整合保險查詢,減少代理成本; 三、 落實保險人內部稽核,建立承保及理賠標準流程; 四、 建立保險輔助人評等制度,維護市場公平競爭; 五、 車種分類及費率精算宜朝簡化為原則,避免道德風險。 / The Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Law has been enforced since January 1, 1998, the spirit of the law and the goodwill lay behind it were highly praised by the general public. However, as the social security system continuously has developed and evolved, the law was deemed insufficient and inadequate. Therefore, experts and scholars proceeded to review the law and finally in February 5, 2005, a revision of the law was announced to the public and officially enforced in 1st March the same year. Since the risk classification of Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance directly reflects on rate calculation, information asymmetries can easily cause moral hazard. As the insured and insurers have significant information gap, insurers cannot categorize reasonably the characteristics of insured's risks, the premium calculation therefore can be affected by external noises that leads to serious moral hazard. To reduce the cost of information asymmetry, insurance brokers or agents becomes the insured and insurers' important intermediary for transmitting information. How to build sound operating norms, share the work, position insurance brokers or agents and reduce the negative impact on information asymmetry have turned out to be very important supervisory topics of Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance. This study is mainly examining the existing Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance system; regulating insurance brokers or agents effectively; strengthening insurance and traffic supervision operations to decrease the cost for information asymmetry; discussing specific measures such as the establishment of premium check center so as to ensure the accuracy of claim information, the transparency of financial information; in addition, implementing the differentiation management strategies of the insurers. The specific recommendations are summarized as following five points: 1. Establish official website for Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance and strengthen the disclosed information; 2. The insurance check in traffic supervisory operations shall be integrated with premium check center so that agency costs can be lowered; 3. Put into effect the insurers' internal audit to build up the standard of processes of underwriting and claims; 4. Establish the rating system for insurance brokers or agents so as to maintain fair market competitions; 5. Simplify the classification of type of vehicles and rate calculation to avoid moral hazard.

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