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官僚體系創新的動態分析:以臺北市大同區公所為例 / Analyzing the Dynamics of Bureaucratic Innovation: The Case of Tatung District, Taipei林淇勻 Unknown Date (has links)
過去的研究多認為領導者若採用威權領導風格,對組織創新行為會有負面的影響。而本研究選擇基層公部門組織「臺北市大同區公所」進行個案研究,並觀察到該機關的領導者雖然以威權方式領導,但組織卻從各項評比落後的窘境,逐漸展現出諸多與其他區公所不同的創新服務,甚至因此獲得第六屆政府服務品質獎的殊榮。經過深入訪談及文獻分析之後,發現該機關正因為領導者重視「紀律」的威權風格,任期長又讓紀律深化落實到組織中,加上首長主動提出創新服務,並在機關內建立「制度」藉以養成同仁的創新習慣,又機關內高流動率的人力結構形成為年輕有幹勁的初任公務人力,紀律的壓力使組織成員產生團結的情誼與向心力,因此讓大同區公所在我國傳統的科層官僚體系中,成功展現出大不同的創新風貌。只可惜區公所囿於其定位與功能的限制,且官僚體系內創新的誘因制度尚未完善,因此無法將其蘊藏的創新能量發揮的淋漓盡致,目前做為引領我國政府創新改造的政府服務品質獎,也未有明確的追蹤機制,因此機關的創新作為能否內化成公部門的組織文化,仍有待後續觀察。 / While new technologies, ideas, and values keep emerging, innovation has been emphasized by public as well as private organizations to meet the expectations of their clients. Factors contributing to an innovation-oriented organization have widely been detected, seldom any studies would endorse the idea that an authoritarian leadership would facilitate the innovation. By examining the case of “Tatung District Office” of Taipei City, this study points out some conditions that actually makes an iron-fist leading style an essential contributor to successful initiatives of innovation. Through in-depth interviews and participatory observation, this study presents evidence about the effects of personal engagement of the leader and stable tenure in indoctrinating the innovation attitude to the subordinates. This study also provides some discussion on institutional settings for the bureaucratic system to avoid maintaining idle in facing rapid environmental changes.
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組織中部門間衝突之研究李自剛, Li, Zi-Gang Unknown Date (has links)
第一章結論,分二節,第一節研究動機,範圍與途徑,第二節衝突概念的分析,說明
衝突思想的轉變,並就衝突概念加以澄清。
第二章組織中部門間衝突之先在條件,分別就心理認知,組織結構與溝通三方面加以
探討。
第三章組織中部門間衝突之影響,第一節對各部門的影響,探討衝突發生後,各部門
內,彼此之間、以及勝、敗各方所可能有的變化,第二節探討部門間衝突對整個組織
所可能產生的影響,從正、負功能兩方面加以說明。
第四章組織中部門間衝突之管理,首先說明管理衝突不僅具有消極的減輕意義,尚含
有積極的利用與製造衝突之意義,第二、三、四節則分別說明減輕、利用及製造衝突
之方法,第五節則探討部門間衝突之管理模式。
第五章結論,從系統、權變觀點,對部門間衝突作一綜合性說明。
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改革開放時期中共航港體制改革之研究楊崇正, Yang, Tsung-Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究係以中國大陸「水路運輸部門」的「航港體制改革」有關問題為研究對象,係屬一種針對某一特定「產業部門」(Industrial Sectors)的體制改革問題之研究取向。
由中共建政至「改革開放」路線實施前的三十年中,其「水路運輸部門」在實踐上也浮現了若干問題,而隨著經濟體制改革,如何尋求這些問題的解決,即為1980年代初期以來中共推動「航港體制改革」之目的。
有關「改革開放時期中共航港體制改革之研究」此一議題,基本上橫跨了做為「經濟基礎」的航運事業、港口事業兩大「產業部門」(Industrial Sectors),又涉及到其「上層建築」的「政府機構改革」(航港行政管理體制改革);在屬性上是一個典型的「公共政策分析」議題。
本研究主要使用「公共政策分析」研究法的「過程論模式」(Process Model)做為分析模式(analytical models)。經由「政策環境分析」及一系列的「政策過程階段分析」,據以產出「政策主張」。
綜上,本研究之主要內容,乃在探討(1)「水路運輸部門」的「航港體制改革」之公共政策分析,以及其中一系列的政策過程階段分析,(2)跨入新世紀航港體制改革進一步深化發展之可能取向。 / The subject of the study is focus on the related public policy issues that were regarding the shipping and ports sectors regime reform on the Reform and Opening Era for the Mainland China. The shipping and ports sectors regime reform are a part of the integrated transportation sectors regime reform, especially in the water transportation sectors regime reform. This study orientation is against the regime reform issues on one specified industrial sectors.
During the 30 years form the regime found of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) at 1949 to the beginning of the Reform and Opening Route at 1979, there were many problems existed on each developing process of the shipping and ports sectors. How to find the solutions against the problems, was the object to promote the shipping and ports regime reform from the beginning of 1980’s decade.
As regarding the issues of “A Study on the Shipping and Ports Sectors Regime Reform on the Reform and Opening Era for the Mainland China”, it is not only across both on the shipping industry and ports industry of the two important industrial sectors as the “Economic Base”, but also involved the government institutions reform (shipping and ports administration regime reform) as the “Upper Construction”, so that is a typical public policy analysis issues. The study will utilize the Public Policy Analysis Methodology, especially in Process Model to be the analytical models. Through the Policy Environment Analysis and the series Policy Process Stage Analysis, then it will output the Policy Advocacy.
As the above mentioned, the major contents of the study are including the (1)policy process stage analysis of the shipping and ports sectors regime reform, and (2)the possible upgrade orientation of the shipping and ports sectors regime reform during across to the new century.
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中國大陸非營利組織發展之研究:以中國青少年發展基金會為例 / The Non-Profit Organizations of Maimland China: A Case in China Youth Development Foundation傅正良, Fu, Cheng-Liang Unknown Date (has links)
中國大陸自1978年改革開放之後,伴隨著經濟繁榮與社會開放,使得經濟、政治、文化等社會生活各方面都受到前所未有的衝擊,同時也為中國大陸的非營利組織帶來發展的契機,之後非營利組織也如雨後春筍般地迅速發展,雖然目前其發展仍處於初期階段,但其民間性正在不斷地強化;同時,非營利組織在社會福利、慈善救助、助學培訓、醫療保健、文化教育、生態環境等各方面的努力與社會影響,在中國大陸顯然地已成為一股重要的社會力量,而相關的研究與探討也在近幾年來大量地發表。
本文在於探討中國大陸非營利組織發展的產生背景、歷史發展、規模情形、法規制度、與市民社會發展的關係、目前所面臨的問題與困境,以及其未來發展的趨勢。並以中國青少年發展基金會為個案分析,希望透過文獻的分析與實地的訪談,以更加瞭解目前中國大陸非營利組織的發展情形。
而在近年來非營利組織迅速發展的同時,也面臨到一些問題與瓶頸,包括:政社不分、經費不足、人才缺乏、法律不健全等問題。總之,目前中國大陸的非營利組織仍處於轉型之中,且改革開放以來,中國大陸非營利組織發展雖然面臨到前所未有的機遇,但於此同時,也面臨到諸多的問題與挑戰。 / After reform and opening up in 1978, all aspects of mainland China, such as the economy, politics and culture affairs, were in an unprecedented state of shock. Meanwhile, the opportunity was given for the development of the non-profit organizations (NPO) which were growing rapidly in recent years. Though the development is still at the primary stage, the participation of citizens in NPOs is increasing gradually. NPOs have become an important force with their growing influence on the social welfare, kindly supports, healthcare, cultural and education affairs, and environmental protections. Much related research was published in recent years.
The current study uses China Youth Development Foundation as an example to understand the development of NPOs in mainland China. The study focuses on its background, history, current situation, relevant regulations, relationship with the civil society, and future developments. The purpose of this study is to know more about the present development of NPOs in mainland China by methods of interviews and analyses.
As NPOs develop rapidly in recent years, they are also facing some problems, such as their connections with politics, shortage of financial support and personnel, and insufficient regulation establishments. In general, the NPOs of mainland China are still in a period of transition. Since the reform and open market, NPOs have had a great opportunity for their development, but they are also experiencing many problems and challenges.
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數位時代大學媒體服務之研究—從圖書館與教學資源中心角色與關係探討 / A Study on Media Services of University and College in Digital Era :The Role and Relationship Between Library and Instructional Resources Center邱昭閔 Unknown Date (has links)
美國大學與研究圖書館學會(Association of College and Research Libraries)於1999年制訂「學術圖書館媒體資源指南」(Guideline for Media Resources in Academic Libraries),為大學媒體服務提供一參考準則。William D. Schmidt與 Donald A. Rieck. 在其合著之[媒體服務與管理:理論與實務](Managing Media Services : Theory and Practice.)中亦曾列舉大學媒體中心之功能。由前述兩個標準與綱要可窺見大學媒體服務所應具備之基本規模與範圍,本研究之目的,即針對我國之大學圖書館與教學資源中心媒體服務進行瞭解,首先在於瞭解我國大學圖書館與教學資源中心或相關之媒體服務單位在大學環境中提供媒體服務的情況,其次探析大學環境與社群中所扮演的角色,最後歸納對兩單位彼此之間的各種互動、合作或競爭等關係、任務。
本研究以文獻分析法依據前段所述,彙整美國圖書館與教育領域針對大學媒體服務單位所制訂之媒體服務綱要,以(一)任務功能、(二)組織編制、(三)人員、(四)經費、(五)使用者服務、(六)館藏與設備、(七)資訊檢索、(八)與校園內其他媒體服務單位之關係、(九)遭遇問題、(十)數位科技對媒體服務的影響等十大方面,依據前述要件,對我國大學之圖書館與教學資源中心或媒體服務相關單位,進行半結構式的深度訪談。以立意抽樣之方式選擇訪談對象,共計有台大、交大、成大與淡江四所大學之圖書館與教學資源中心主管接受訪談。
本研究發現,在數位時代資訊技術與網路科技日漸普及之下,網路已成為大學圖書館與教學資源中心提供媒體服務的重要媒介之一,與其他新興與傳統視聽媒體同等重要,由受訪單位中多數單位均提供隨選資訊系統之服務可見一斑。此外本研究發現台灣地區目前之大學圖書館媒體服務,多以媒體資源之蒐集與維護為主,在教學、研究、學習上提供使用者媒體設備、閱聽空間以及隨選資訊系統,以支援大學社群各項媒體使用需求;教學資源中心之媒體服務主要以提供教學資料與教學相關軟硬體之支援服務,以及教學空間之維護與規劃,並定期進行教師之教學發展與訓練等。
本研究建議:積極研擬台灣地區大學圖書館之媒體服務指南、大學圖書館隨選資訊系統應擴展至全校園網路、大學圖書館之典藏資料系統與教學資源中心之典藏紀錄整合、大學應成立教學資源中心、媒體服務單位應積極解決人力資源問題、促進與使用社群間之良性溝通以提升媒體服務單位與其之關係、積極研究與評估新興視聽設備與資料格式、視聽資料編目專業人力分工與品質。
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社會中心途徑之跨部門治理研究:以「洛杉磯河整治計畫」為例 / Society-Centered Approach for the Research of Cross-Sectoral Governance: A Case Study of “Los Angeles River Revitalization Master Plan(LARRMP)”陳秋政, Chen, Chiu Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
面對所謂棘手議題(wicked issues),本文有別於傳統府際管理及其他解析理論的分析觀點,改以跨部門治理概念探討行政轄區界線模糊,多部門、多組織同時參與標的個案之狀況。同時為處理治理概念定義模糊的問題,爰採文獻分析法將治理概念內涵區分為政府中心、市場中心及社會中心三類,並發現多數跨部門治理議題的研究,偏重應用政府與市場觀點,爰本文主張以社會中心治理途徑針對「洛杉磯河整治計畫」進行分析。簡言之,本文的研究問題包括:
一、過往國、內外跨部門治理議題,採取哪些治理途徑?何謂社會中心治理途徑?以跨部門治理議題之規劃過程為例,其治理原則、治理結構與治理結果應有何具體主張?
二、「洛杉磯河整治計畫」的草案規劃過程,應用哪些制度性安排,藉以產生該計畫之集體規劃成果?
三、在前述參與機制的安排之下,研究個案的集體規劃過程是否在治理實務與理論主張之間出現落差?各部門參與狀況為何?存在哪些爭議問題?
四、「跨部門治理」個案,在集體規劃過程應採用何種治理架構,有助於落實跨部門治理原則,以及提高各部門利害關係人對治理結果的滿意程度。
透過上述研究問題與個案,本研究探討三個部門(sectors)間如何(How)「合作」(collaboration)或如何促進合作,以達成共識的問題;又或者從反面來說,是探討哪些因素影響了跨部門合作,三個部門之間存在哪些衝突。從個案研究出發,則關心個案為何(Why)合作成效不佳或無法合作的問題,同時以提出促進合作、參與的制度性安排(What)為目標。
文獻歸納指出,為促進跨部門治理的成效,應堅持公共性、課責與公共參與作為治理原則。就治理結構而言,必須觀察各部門利害關係人於個案參與機制中落實治理原則的程度,並指出應以合作性公共管理作為促進部門間合作的工具。就治理結果而言,則建議對政策利害關係人進行態度調查,詢問對政策結果的滿意與支持程度,亦即以正當性與承諾作為治理結果的指標。
本研究內文在介紹洛杉磯河整治計畫的推動過程、內容與規劃草案結果後,指出其乃是洛杉磯市府會高度共識下的政策產物,並由議會發動的跨部門治理個案。在個案之規劃過程,執行重心乃是由市政府團隊所主導,安排「社區座談會、諮詢委員會、同儕評論委員會、利害關係人委員會、任務小組會議」等五類官方主辦的參與機制,以期落實公眾參與該政策規劃過程的目的;草案規劃期間,洛杉磯河特別委員會則擔任監督的角色。
研究發現各部門參與者多數認同也支持整治計畫的願景與草案規劃內容。但整體而言,仍發現部分有待改善的重要問題,分別為受訪者對治理原則的落實存在權變的觀念,政府部門以外的參與者代表性仍嫌不足,對於社會弱勢議題缺乏討論與回應,缺乏明確的責任歸屬與課責結構安排,未臻透明的決策議價過程。再者,從治理結果的角度來分析,對草案規劃結果抱持不滿態度者多數來自整治區,對規劃結果未表支持者多為男性、30歲以上、政府部門以外之受訪者、來自整治區、參與時間點較早;特別是針對整治的經濟利益與所需經費來源的估算,表示了高度的質疑。
儘管個案規劃過程仍有前述疑義,但在參與觀察的過程,研究者發現個案所處系絡具有較為成熟的社會條件,對於治理原則的認同程度彰顯了公民社會的成熟,也奠定尋求部門間合作的可能性。就跨部門治理之規劃個案而言,本文建議以樹立治理原則為先,進而逐步將其落實於參與過程及相關機制設計之內,最後則可透過正當性與承諾對集體參與之規劃成效加以評估。在研究調查資料與參與觀察的基礎之上,本文運用John Clayton Thomas所提出之「公共涉入形式矩陣」,將洛杉磯河整治計畫草案之規劃過程定位為「修正的獨立自主管理決策」,意指徒具參與形式的決策類型。依據本研究之個案分析架構,本文為洛杉磯河整治計畫之規劃過程提出十三項建議,於下分述之:
一、就制度性安排而言
(一)規定弱勢團體最低代表制;(二)公布各委員會之委員遴選標準、程序與職權;(三)訂定跨部門治理個案之責任宣言;(四)增辦弱勢團體公共會議;(五)善用既有公、私渠道以彙整利害關係人的建議。
二、就部門參與而言
(一)建立主動的意見回饋系統;(二)提高各類資訊的曝光度;(三)擴大計劃團隊、減小公共會議規模。
三、就提高規劃草案結果的「正當性」而言
(一)進行部門間的規劃溝通會議;(二)進行二度訪視/會談計畫;(三)避免由上而下的事前提議。
四、就提高利害關係人對草案結果的「承諾」而言
(一)進行施政成效行銷;(二)縮小計畫範圍,推動先導型計畫為先。
總結研究「洛杉磯河整治計畫」所獲得之啟示,在研究層面確認政府機關在跨部門治理議題中,其扮演的角色不因營利及非營利部門的涉入而被取代,反倒是承擔關鍵整合者的角色,應以合作促進政策議題得以被妥善解決。對本土的啟示而言,社會條件的成熟程度乃是推動跨部門治理的重要因素,無論是公民資格的養成或公民社會的建立,都將有利政策參與環境的鞏固。對土本同質個案的啟示而言,以台北市政府目前積極推動的「活化淡水河系」政策為例,其政策倡議的源頭與洛杉磯河整治計畫絕然不同,規劃、整合、執行及監督的分工亦尚未明朗,民間力量的參與渠道亦尚未建立。質言之,若以洛杉磯河整治計畫草案的規劃經驗為鑑,要避免陷落於「獨立自主決策」類型,建議除了持續健全社會條件之外,在參與機制的安排上,應妥善顧及公共性、課責及公共參與等治理原則,以社會中心治理途徑平衡過渡傾向政府主導、市場取向的規劃觀點。
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社會行銷在公部門的應用與限制: 以不燒紙錢宣導政策為例楊智家 Unknown Date (has links)
「社會行銷」概念與技術於1971年由學者Kotler & Zaltman提出,為首次行銷概念技術擴大應用至非營利部門在社會公益上的研究。行銷學者Kotler認為,社會行銷可擴大應用至社會各領域的公益推廣,包含公部門。由是,本研究基於擴大化應用的精神,以我國環保機關推動之「不燒紙錢宣導政策」為個案,探究行銷概念擴大化後,公部門在行銷理論基礎上,即交換理論在公私部門差異上導致社會行銷分析公部門個案時產生哪些差異?以及社會行銷擴大應用至公部門,在理論基礎上有哪些問題?同時以社會行銷概念及技術對個案進行分析。
因此,本研究在研究方法上,以個案研究的方式,先進行社會行銷及交換理論在公私部門差異的文獻基礎進行一回顧與整理,再依研究目的與問題針對理論基礎設計深度訪談的問題,依目的性抽樣原則尋找最能符合本研究目的之訪談者進行深度訪談,共十一位。訪談完成即整理逐字稿以進行後續分析。
經本研究分析,在理論面及實務面均提出研究貢獻與建議:
一、理論面:
(一)社會行銷因為公私部門在本質上存有差異,導致源自於私部門的行銷理論基礎─交換理論,用於分析公部門社會行銷政策時,在各社會行銷步驟中均產生差異。
(二)交換理論自利假定在公私部門中產生差異,因此有關法律強制力、公民及消費者、自願交換關係及通路概念在未來社會行銷擴大應用至公部門時,有理論適用上的問題。
二、實務面:
(一)「不燒紙錢宣導政策」經社會行銷八步驟分析,屬於同社會行銷概念及技術的行銷個案,但因其為公部門推動者,故在細部特徵上有公私部門假定上、本質上的差異。
(二)「不燒紙錢宣導政策」的推動,雖滿足公共利益的需求,但執行過程中直接法源不明確、推動組織鬆散、忽略利害關係人權益為實務需加強之處。 / The very concept of “Social Marketing”, first introduced by Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman, is used to apply marketing techniques to the area of nonprofit organizations to promote public interest. In Kotler’s mind, marketing techniques can be applied to both public and private sectors. However, whether this application adequate is needed to be answered. In this thesis, author uses a case named “campaigning the policy against burning golden papers in worship” implemented by the R.O.C government as an example to examine the adequacy of the “Exchange Theory” behind the concept of social marketing to understand marketing cases in the public sector. In order to find the conceptual problems through case study, author first adopts the eight stages of social marketing to describe the case throughout. Then, author design several interview problems to ask various actors who related to the case. Finally, author combines theoretical arguments, case details, and qualitative data from in-depth interview to analyze the adequacy of applying exchange theory in public sector through social marketing.
Several findings are presented as follows. First, many differences were found in all the eight stage of social marketing. These differences illustrate many possible inadequacies of applying marketing techniques, supported by exchange theory, to public sector. Second, based on the above differences founded, the intention of broadening the concept of marketing to non-profit organizations should take them into considerations. Especially, the strategic marketing scheme, such as 4Ps, should be reevaluated according to the findings. Thirdly, practically speaking, there are supporting factors to make a marketing campaign successful in public sector: ambiguities in regulation, lack of solid implementation organization, and the missing of stakeholders opinion collection and interest-protection activities in the process.
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中韓自由貿易協定之研析 / Study of a free trade agreement between China and South Korea吳惠娟, Wu, Hui Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
中國與南韓正在從事自由貿易協定之洽簽程序,本篇論文的目的即在於評估其經濟效果。本文應用多國多部門之一般均衡模型,模擬二國農工商品完全自由化在靜態及考慮資本累積之動態效果。
實證效果顯示,上述二種模擬情境下,中國與南韓的整體社會福利都有正面效益,因此本文建議中韓應儘速完成可行性研究階段並開始諮商。如此,中國可以早日扮演建立東亞經濟整合的領導角色,而南韓也可以享受中韓自由貿易協定加上美韓自由貿易協定所產生之綜效。
目前亞洲任何一個已形成或是正在洽簽的自由貿易協定皆不包含台灣,故台灣應積極參與多邊體系下的貿易談判,以減低自由貿易協定所帶來的歧視,並應採納多樣化的協定而非拘泥於自由貿易協定之形式。同時應優先考量可以避免中國政治壓力及可擴大台灣經濟利益的議題,例如:雙邊投資協定及避免雙重課稅協定,以為洽簽正式之自由貿易協定鋪路。
關鍵字:中國、南韓、自由貿易協定、多國多部門之一般均衡分析 / China and South Korea are in the process of pursuing a free trade agreement. The purpose of this study is to assess its economic effects. The paper employs CGE models and the GTAP database to conduct a simulation with full elimination of tariffs in all sectors. Two CGE models are used. One is a static CGE model that captures the short-run effects, and the other captures the static effects as well as the capital accumulation effects arising from higher savings and investment induced by the static gains.
The study finds that both South Korea and China will enjoy the welfare gains from the deals. We suggest that China and Korea complete feasibility studies and start the negotiation process at the earliest possible time for the purposes that China can play a leading role in building an East Asian economic integration and that Korea can enjoy the effects of multiple FTAs due to the Korea-China FTA plus Korea-US FTA. In addition, none of the bilateral agreements in Asia includes Taiwan. Taiwan should aggressively engage in trade negotiations under a multilateral system to decrease the discrimination caused by the free trade agreements and adopt diversified forms of agreements instead of focusing on “FTAs” only. Besides, Taiwan should prioritize the issues that can avoid the political pressure from China and expand Taiwan’s economic benefit, such as Bilateral Investment Agreement and Double Taxation Agreement, in order to pave the way for a formal FTA.
Key words: China, South Korea, Free Trade Agreement, GTAP
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公部門知識利用之研究-以考選部為例蔣安玗 Unknown Date (has links)
知識管理是近年國內外公、私部門甚為流行的管理方法,無論在學術與實務界,對於知識管理已有相當豐富之研究與實務經驗,包括知識管理的導入、實施策略、知識分享、知識創新、知識管理系統的設計等。惟在當前知識管理的文獻中,鮮少針對公部門知識利用現況與影響知識利用因素進行深入探究。本研究認為,知識管理的最終目的在於將知識付諸實現,始能產生知識的價值,而非僅是知識的累積。基此,本研究以公部門知識利用作為深入探討的焦點,藉由文獻分析法及檢視個案知識利用現況,歸納影響知識利用之因素,試圖建構公部門知識利用之模式。同時,經由對個案成員進行之深度訪談,深入瞭解個案成員對知識利用的認知及實際應用知識的行為。希冀藉由本研究發現公部門利用內、外部知識可能存在的問題,並提出具體建議供個案或其他公部門參考,俾使知識管理得以務實、有效且永續地發展。
本研究經文獻檢閱,將影響公部門知識利用之因素分從組織文化、組織成員、知識內涵及知識利用技術等四大面向探討,並輔以深度訪談與個案分析後,有以下發現:
一、影響公部門成員知識利用的因素:1.組織文化面向,包括開放性、同儕與主管影響、合作信任氛圍、管理者的授權;2.組織成員面向,包括知識接受者的態度、判斷能力、人際關係、任務性質、時間、習慣、知識提供者的可近性;3.知識面向,包括相對優勢、相容性、複雜性、可觀察性、可試驗性;4.技術面向,包括知識系統的易用性、相容性、輸出品質(儲存、更新及呈現的形式)、知識庫存量及整合性、知識社群的效能、工作者整理知識的技術。
二、知識利用的現況:整體而言,利用組織內部的知識是成員必備的認知、能力與習慣,且透過機關提供之知識利用管道大致能找到日常工作需要的知識。另外,對於與業務有關的外部知識亦趨重視,惟不同單位對外部知識之重視程度則有不同。
本研究最後按所歸納之四大面向,分述個案在知識利用上存在的問題,並提出具體改進建議。 / Recent years, knowledge management (KM) is a very popular way of management in the public or private organization domestically and internationally. Whether in the academic field or practical area, there are abundant research and experience, including introduction of KM, implementing strategy, sharing and innovation of knowledge, design of knowledge management system and so on. Currently, public sectors do not have enough research to find out what are the factors influencing the knowledge utilization. My study acknowledges the ultimate purpose of KM is to put knowledge into practice, and to create the true value of the knowledge, instead of merely accumulation of that. My study focuses on the utilization of KM by public sector through document analysis and case study, induces factors for knowledge utilization, and attempts to build a model of knowledge utilization in government organization. In the meantime, by thorough interview with individuals in the case, we can understand the members’ acknowledgement and practical behavior of knowledge utilization. I hope my study would find out problems while exploiting internal or external knowledge in public sector and provide concrete advice to individual in the case study and different government authorities for reference resources in order to develop a more practical, effective and continual knowledge management.
Through reviewing document, this study discusses factors that influence the knowledge utilization from four areas: organization culture, organization members, knowledge contents and modern technology. Through the thorough interview and case study, my study discovers the following conclusions.
1.The factors influencing the knowledge utilization: (1) organization culture: including openness, the influence of coworkers and managers, atmosphere of cooperation and trust, and empowerment of managers; (2) organization members: including the members’ attitude of accepting knowledge, good judgment, interpersonal relationships, the nature of the mandate, time, habits, accessibility of knowledge providers; (3) knowledge contents: including relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trial ability; (4) modern technology: including ease of use, compatibility, the output quality (storage, update and displaying forms), a rich stock of knowledge base and integration of the knowledge systems, the effectiveness of the knowledge community, workers’ techniques of organizing knowledge.
2. The current condition of using knowledge: generally speaking, every member of the organization requires having the ability and habit to utilize the internal knowledge. The members are capable to use the information provided by the organization and develop the necessary knowledge to find the appropriate approaches to accomplish their daily work. In addition, job related external knowledge will get more emphasis, except the different departments look at the importance of external knowledge differently.
Finally, according to this study, problems can be identified in the knowledge utilization of the case from the above-mentioned four areas that I have summed up, and offer suggestions for improvement.
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服務部門轉型為虛擬利潤中心之管理控制系統 -以某汽車公司為例邱奕淳 Unknown Date (has links)
於日益嚴峻之企業營運環境下,企業內屬輔助性質之服務部門角色功能便顯得日益重要。然服務部門於企業內多歸類於費用中心,多屬被動提供服務之性質,往往較缺乏創造收入與協助組織策略達成之思維。
虛擬利潤中心概念為將非屬利潤中心特質之單位,採利潤中心之管理與績效衡量概念,以發揮激勵部門提升自身價值的效果。
個案公司於實施平衡計分卡架構下,於服務部門導入虛擬利潤中心制度。本研究採個案研究方式,針對制度導入時,管理控制系統所扮演的角色功能進行研究,並探討服務部門實施虛擬利潤中心制度過程可能產生之問題、特質與效益。
本研究發現,服務部門導入虛擬利潤中心制度時,以提供「資訊回饋之溝通與激勵」最為重要。此制度增加了員工顧客導向之思維,並提升其收入創造與成本之認知。然服務部門之性質差異,會影響虛擬利潤中心制度之導入。 / As the operating environment for businesses is becoming harsher, the role and functions of businesses’ shared service unit, which provide assistance for businesses, are appearing to be more and more important. However, internal service sector of businesses are often cost centers, which mostly provide services passively and lack the cogitation about making profit for the businesses and assisting the businesses’ strategies to be successfully practiced.
The concept of pseudo-profit center is to manage non-profit center by adopting profit center’s way of management and its concept of performance measure for the purpose of inspiring each sector to promote its own value.
The company in the case manages its shared service unit by introducing the system of pseudo-profit center under the scheme of balanced scorecard. The thesis is a case study about the function of the management control system during the course of introducing the pseudo-profit center system. Furthermore, the thesis also discusses the special features, the benefit, and the problems that might happen during the course of introduction.
The study reveals that when introducing the system of pseudo-profit center into the shared service unit, the most important factor is the supply and the feedback of information. The system triggers the employees to be customer-oriented and to be more aware of making profit and saving cost. However, the different nature of the shared service unit affects the introduction of pseudo-profit center system.
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