自1980年代新自由主義興起後，在民營化、勞動彈性化席捲全球的背景下，業務委託不僅在公務機關(構)內成為常態，勞務委外更是政府用以節省人事成本的重要手段。另方面，為保障公務機關(構)受僱者之勞動權益，行政院勞工委員會以96年11月30日勞動一字第0960130914號公告，指定公部門各業非依公務人員法制進用之臨時人員適用《勞動基準法》。 然而，為規避《勞動基準法》的相關規定，人事行政局不僅公告《中央各機關學校事務勞力替代措施推動方案》和《行政院及所屬各機關學校臨時人員進用及運用要點》，企圖以「極大化替代性人力措施」取代各公務機關(構)內既有的「假臨時人員」；又即使是少數仍受僱於公部門之「假臨時人員」，亦面臨「虛假化定期契約」的問題。再者，就部分「真臨時人員」而言，則因相關部會的介入而排除於《勞動基準法》的適用對象外；至於未被排除適用《勞動基準法》者，亦由於受僱時間短暫而受惠有限，在在都嚴重扭曲勞委會最初保障勞動權的美意。 此外，2008年下半年受到全球經濟危機的影響，我國亦陷入失業危機的風暴中。為降低居高不下的失業率，政府著手推動多項增加就業機會的政策，其中以工代賑、短期促進就業措施等計畫均由行政院所屬各部會釋出短期公共服務的工作機會；然而，實際推動上不僅無助於提升弱勢勞工的工作技能，甚至仍以勞務採購為施政方向，忽略了外包、派遣公司即是造成當前高失業率的元兇之一！結果除導致政府須負擔原有的勞務委外費用外，更須另行僱用大批的失業勞工，使得原本就已沉重不堪的財政支出，無疑是雪上加霜！

本文以第二意象（second image）的「國內結構觀點」為途徑，首先探討菲律賓政治結構的形成與因素，包括殖民與歷史遺緒、政治發展過程、軍文關係、政治文化與其他非制度性因素等，作為內部結構觀點的研究基礎；接著回顧菲律賓的內外安全環境以及近年安全政策的推動與實踐，然後進一步檢視艾若育與艾奎諾三世兩任政府的安全政策作為、走向，影響兩任總統安全政策的內外部因素，比對兩任政府的安全政策；然後透過安全體制革新（SSR）理論概念的梳理，形塑出整合性的SSR研究架構，並整理將安全體制革新應用在東南亞脈絡之下的研究與實務；最後探討並評估艾奎諾三世政府推動的相關改革政策過程，其實踐的狀況與原因，並勾勒出菲律賓安全體制革新的發展、挑戰與前景。

本文旨在研究地下經濟規模與金融發展對實質人均GDP成長率之影響。我們使用二種不同金融發展資料，分別為私部門信貸規模及股市成交值規模。使用的資料型式為追蹤資料，時間由西元1981年至2008年，國家共22個，其中有14個已開發國家，8個開發中國家。模型部分共採用三種型式，首先為一般線性模型，其次為納入地下經濟規模與金融發展交互作用之非線性模型，最後則是門檻迴歸模型。 結果顯示，在一般線性模型中，地下經濟規模及私部門信貸規模對實質人均GDP成長率的影響並不顯著，而股市成交值規模對實質人均GDP成長率有顯著正面影響。 而在納入地下經濟規模與金融發展之交互作用項後，私部門信貸規模與地下經濟規模的交互作用項對實質人均GDP成長率有顯著負面影響，而股市成交值規模與地下經濟規模之交互作用項對實質人均GDP成長率有負面影響，但不顯著。由上面的結果，我們推斷地下經濟規模與實質人均GDP成長率可能存在著非線性的關係。 在門檻迴歸中，若把顯著水準設在10%，我們發現納入私部門信貸規模與股市成交值規模的模型存在顯著的門檻效果。在門檻迴歸中，若把私部門信貸規模或是股市成交值規模當作門檻變數，當金融發展程度低時，地下經濟規模對實質人均GDP成長率有顯著正面影響，而當金融發展程度高時，地下經濟規模對實質人均GDP成長率的影響並不顯著。 總結來說，我們建議低度金融發展國家適度的允許地下部門發展，因為政府無法干預地下部門，因此地下部門的營運較有效率，適度允許反而有助於提高資本投資的效率，進而促進實質人均GDP成長率。相反地，我們建議高度金融發展國家的政府應限制地下部門的發展。 / This paper focuses on linear effects and nonlinear effects of underground economy and financial development on the growth rate of real GDP per capita. Utilizing two alternative measures of financial development, including the size of private credit and stock trade. The analysis relies on a sample of 22 countries for the period 1981-2008, including 14 developed countries and 8 developing countries. We use three different models, including linear model, nonlinear regression with a cross-term and panel threshold model. The results show that in the linear model, underground economy and private credit have no significant impact on the growth rate of real GDP per capita, but stock trade has a significant positive impact on the growth rate of real GDP per capita. Moreover, the interaction between private credit and underground economy has a significant negative impact on the growth rate of real GDP per capita, on the other hand, the interaction between stock trade and underground economy has an insignificant negative impact on the growth rate of real GDP per capita. Hence, we speculate there have a nonlinear effect between underground economy and the growth rate of real GDP per capita. In the panel threshold model, if the level of significance is set in 10%, we find that the model with private credit and stock trade have threshold effect, it implies that the sample can be split into two regimes: High degree of financial development and Low degree of financial development. Underground economy has a significant positive impact on the growth rate of real GDP per capita when private credit is low, so does stock trade. In conclusion, we suggest that it may be optimal for countries with a less developed formal financial sector to accept more tax evasion, because it accelerates the efficiency in capital investment and then facilates the growth rate of real GDP per capita. On the contrary, countries with a more developed formal financial sector should impose more tax compliance.

宗教憲法因宗教本質上之先驗性與著重探討形而上之概念，故在概念定義上即有其困難。特別是我國宗教型態屬於普化、綜攝式之風貌與特殊之「游宗」宗教行為模式，且華人信仰態度屬多元包容型態，其信仰與世俗社會緊密結合，承襲傳統之價值理念與生活模式，呈現出一種遊走於寺院宮闕，著重信仰本質，忽略宗教形式，與宗教較無組織上聯繫，而僅有信仰上的來往，經由宗教儀式之操作來各取所需。由於多元、特殊之本土宗教型態，導致宗教定義更形困難，在宗教難以明確定義與宗教本質之超驗性、無法以科學理性論證特質之情況下，宗教自由之內涵界定與國家世俗法所生之扞格，國家行為之介入係屬侵害與否，此等議題相較於其他基本權而言則更形困難與難解。 我國宗教憲法的論述往往略過宗教學與社會學文獻之分析角度，僅單純直接從外國法的引進及法學層面的探討，忽略我國宗教型態面貌與外國宗教之差異性，反應在詮釋我國宗教憲法時，必須在本土宗教文化脈絡下討論，當援引國外學說案例之時，亦應做不同的法律解釋。 因此，本文嘗試從憲法學、宗教學、社會學三面向，來研究我國的宗教憲法內涵。從最根本屬於我國宗教風貌的瞭解，探討出符合我國宗教定義之解釋，再從比較法上觀察宗教自由的內涵與相關憲法案例的論證，再推導出我國宗教憲法之內涵，更進一步，去探討我國宗教平等、宗教寬容、宗教教育、政教分離等在憲法上所呈現的問題，與比較法上是否容有比附援引之處。最後，則檢視目前現行法規是否有背離憲法所保障的宗教自由之虞，並於文末對宗教團體立法提出些微建議。

對馬克思危機理論的研究至今，基本上仍舊圍繞著消費不足、生產部門比例失調與利潤率下降等三種觀點來發展。 本文認為，馬克思所指的資本主義經濟危機真正的根源，其實就是資本主義的基本矛盾，即社會生產力與生產關係的矛盾。而消費不足、比例失調與利潤率下降等等不同形式的危機，不過是這個基本矛盾在資本的生產過程與資本的流通過程彼此相互轉化過程中的發展形式與表現形式。從而它們是這個矛盾在資本的再生產過程中發展的結果，而不是原因。 因此，不論是單一因素、多因素論或綜合論，都無法窺見馬克思的危機理論的全貌。本文以為，對馬克思經濟危機理論的理解，必須從社會再生產過程即生產過程與流通過程的統一來切入。馬克思的危機理論就是要說明：社會再生產過程以資本主義的形式來進行，表現為資本積累的過程，將會因為它自身的社會生產力與生產關係的矛盾，而不斷地遭遇到困難與障礙。

台灣為海島型國家，因自有能源貧乏，99%以上的能源仰賴國外進口。為確保能源供給之穩定與安全，除發展再生能源之外，提高能源終端使用效率為重要之解決手段。熱泵系統因其獨特之節能減碳效果，在歐美先進國家備受重視，極力推廣。基此，考量台灣氣候類型及居住型態，評估熱泵熱水系統的適用性及成本效益分析，爰為本研究之動機與目的。 為了彰顯應用熱泵系統在不同地區氣候條件與能源價格之差異，本研究將台灣劃分為12個地區，並且以電能、LPG桶裝瓦斯、NG管線瓦斯三種現有之住宅用熱水系統作為可供替代之選項，利用迴避成本(Avoided Cost)推估台灣各地區住宅部門改採熱泵熱水系統之成本效益。此外，參考歐美先進國家熱泵系統補助政策，以及台灣現有「太陽能熱水系統推廣獎勵措施」之政府政策補助方案，設定各相關參數，俾模擬政府補貼方案情境下之成本效益分析。 分析結果以淨現值(Net Present Value)、益本比(Benefit-Cost Ratio)及折現回收期(Discounted Payback Period )呈現，結論可從兩個觀點之檢定加以評估。其一、以「參與者檢定」評估是否有足夠的經濟誘因，促使住宅用戶裝設熱泵熱水系統。其二、以「總資源成本檢定」，評估推廣熱泵系統對於整體社會是否具有淨效益。 本研究中全台12個地區，若以熱泵系統取代電能熱水系統、LPG瓦斯熱水系統、NG瓦斯熱水系統三種既有設備，交叉比對之33個替代方案，由「參與者檢定」之結果顯示，所有替代方案之益本比均大於1.1；折現回收期最長達11.3年，最短僅3.2年。若模擬政府補助18,000名用戶採用熱泵系統，則「總資源成本檢定」之結果中，所有替代方案之益本比介乎1至1.73之間；折現回收期最長達14.9年，最短僅5.4年；住宅部門以熱泵替代現有電能、LPG瓦斯、NG瓦斯熱水系統至少可降低碳排放量每年2,707公噸。三種替代類別中以電能熱水系統替代方案益本比最高(介乎1.55至1.73)；LPG瓦斯替代方案之益本比居次(介乎1.19至1.28)；NG瓦斯替代方案益本比最低(介乎1.0至1.06)。全台12個地區考量環境溫度差異之影響以南投分區改採熱泵系統的益本比最高(電能替代1.73、LPG瓦斯替代1.28、NG瓦斯替代1.06)，屏東分區的益本比為最低(電能替代1.55、LPG瓦斯替代1.19、NG瓦斯替代1.0)。 若考量熱泵系統市場滲透率，以熱泵取代NG瓦斯熱水系統之市佔率達5%、20%、50%時，台灣整體社會的淨現值分別為251百萬元、1,006百萬元與2,514百萬元，且每年可減少碳排放量27,169公噸、108,675公噸以及271,687公噸。 / As an island country, 99% energy supply in Taiwan depends on importation due to the very limited endogenous energy. In order to maintain both energy security and stability, improving energy efficiency of consumer end-use is an important government policy. Heat pump systems have been widely applied and strongly promoted in Europe and United State for its uniquely energy saving and CO2 reducing capability. Therefore, the motivation of this study is to access the regional applicability of heat pump water heating system for Taiwan’s climate and residential building types by cost-benefit analysis method. To demonstrate the regional difference of climatic conditions and energy prices heat pump application, Taiwan is divided in twelve regions with three kinds of alternative residential water heating systems (i.e. electric heating, LPG tank heating, and NG pipe heating). Under these conditions, we utilize the avoided cost method to access itemized costs and benefits of heat pump water heating systems in various regional families in Taiwan. In addition, referring to heat pump incentive scheme in advanced European countries and North America while considering solar water heating systems incentive policy in Taiwan, we also simulate variation of parameters (such as cash rebate subside, total residential heat pump user numbers )of heat pump system subsidy program. The outcome of cost-benefit analysis is presented in a form as net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and discounted payback period (DP). The results could be analyzed by test from two different perspectives including Participant Test (PCT) from participant perspective and Total Resource Cost Test (TRC) from overall sociality perspective. All of the 33 alternative programs constituted by 12 regions with electric , LPG and NG systems, for PCT, BCR, all 33 alternative programs are greater than 1.1; DP are between 3.2 to 11.3 years. For TRC, BCR, all 33 alternative programs are greater than 1 but less than 1.73; DP are between 5.4 to 14.9 years. Residential building adopting heat pump could reduce 2,707 tons carbon emissions annually. For the three types of alternative system, BCR of electric heating alternative program is the largest and NG alternative program being the least. For all of the 12 regions, BCR of Nantou region is the largest for adopting heat pump while BCR of Pingtung region is the smallest. NPV of overall Taiwan with market penetration reaching 5%, 20% and 50% substitution rate from heat pump system to NG water heating system are 251 million NT$, 1,006 million NT$, and 2,514 million NT$ respectively. Carbon emissions reduce 27,169 tons, 108,675 tons and 271,687 tons annually.

公共部門的組織運作相較於過去，正處在更為不穩定和動盪的環境之中，公部門必須提高其「創新」的能力以為因應，並由於治理網絡形式的顯現，也更加強調公部門創新的重要性。面對當前許多充滿高度複雜與棘手的公共問題，我們不僅需要公共創新的新途徑，同時也要為許多問題的解決方案提出必要的工具。無疑地，吾人必須關注如何透過治理網絡中行動者間的協力，即是公共管理者、民選官員、企業、非營利組織等行動者的協力，用以強化公共創新，因此，「協力創新」可以說是當前公部門創新的重要議題，同時也是公部門面對網絡治理亟欲尋求的新方法。簡言之，欲探究的「協力創新」，則是指以網絡為基礎的協力，促進治理過程中公部門的創新。 本研究主要聚焦在公共部門協力創新的理論與實務的討論，以下述兩個關鍵重點做為討論的主軸：一、重點是針對「公共部門的創新」，而非一般所談論的企業創新；二、著重於「跨部門間或網絡協力」的創新，並非單一組織內部的創新。研究問題包括：何謂是在公部門的協力創新？協力創新的過程需要具備哪些條件？網絡中的行動者如何透過協力過程以導引出創新？協力創新呈現的樣貌或結果為何？對文化行政機關而言，文化創意產業政策之推動，對文化行政官僚的協力創新經驗有何特殊性？協力創新的過程有何困難？如何克服這些障礙，以驅動協力創新？ 儘管公部門透過跨部門、跨組織的協力創新研究還處在發展萌芽的階段。在實務上，公部門必須審時度勢，在協力過程中透過制度設計，與行動參與者進行有效溝通、建立信任，並證明展現其領導、協調和整合的能力。因此，本研究關注協力創新在公部門的應用，一方面提出整合自公部門創新、協力治理文獻而發展出來的理論架構，另一方面也針對文建會在推動文化創意產業政策運用協力創新的過程和經驗，進行質化的實證研究，以提供公部門有關協力創新應用之理論面與實務面相互印證的機會。 研究發現公部門創新必須致力於創造更多的公共價值；政治的推力、回應外部發展趨勢、核心職能外新增業務的壓力、尋求和匯集外部資源、創造有利創新的組織文化是公共組織內外環境中存在激發協力創新的驅動因素；而網絡治理的領導能力、多層次與橫向溝通平台、互惠的信任關係基礎、良性的創新循環等是影響協力創新過程的關鍵因素；公部門適當的制度設計有利於協力創新的發展；協力創新的多元價值結果亦呈現出不同的創新類型。最後，本研究也針對協力創新的實務應用、制度設計及組織運作、文化創意產業推動方面提出若干建議。 / The importance of strengthening innovation in the operation and organization of the public sector is highlighted by both today's increasingly variable environment and the emergence of governance networks. The many complex and wicked problems that are currently encountered in civil sector indicates a need not only to innovate, but also to come up with necessary tools for solving multiple problems. No doubt the primary focus should be on uniting efforts among actors in governance networks, namely civil sector managers, elected officials, businessmen, and non-profit administrators, in order to strengthen public sector innovation. For these reasons, collaborative innovation is an important topic in public sector innovation and an anxiously pursued new method as the public sector faces collaborative governance. Moreover, collaborative innovation is network-based collaboration that promotes innovation in the public sector governance process. This study primarily focuses on theories of public sector collaborative innovation and discussions of actual practice in the field. The study revolves around two key points: a focus on public sector innovation as opposed to commonly discussed business innovation, and innovation in cross-sector collaboration or network-based collaboration as opposed to innovation within a single organization. Questions addressed in this study include: What is meant by public sector collaborative innovation? What are the prerequisites for collaborative innovation processes? How do actors within a network lead innovation through collaborative processes? What are the features or results of collaborative innovation processes? What special experiences have administrators of cultural bureaus had promoting cultural and creative industry policies with collaborative innovation? What difficulties are encountered during processes of collaborative innovation? How can these difficulties be overcome in order to spur collaborative innovation? Research of cross-sector and transorganizational collaborative innovation in the public sector is still in its developmental stages. Each collaborative process must be assessed through system design to ensure effective communication and the establishment of trust, as well as to verify leadership, coordination and integration capabilities. Therefore, this study concerned with the application of collaborative innovation in the public sector first constructs its theoretical framework on extant literature in the fields of public sector innovation and collaborative governance, and secondly is directed at the Council for Cultural Affairs use of collaborative innovation in its policies that promote cultural and creative industries. This study employs qualitative empirical research to provide opportunities for mutually verifiable theoretical and practical collaborative innovation applications related to the public sector. Results of this study suggest that innovation in the public sector should be directed at creating more public value. Governmental influence, response to external trends, pressure added by work extrinsic to core functions, the collection of external resources and organizational culture cultivating beneficial innovation are all factors that drive collaborative innovation in and around public organizations. Network governance leadership ability, forums for both horizontal and vertical communication, foundations of mutually beneficial trust, and healthy innovation cycles are all influential factors in collaborative innovation processes. Appropriate organizational design in the public sector spurs the development of collaborative innovation, and the manifold values of collaborative innovation result in different innovative forms. Finally, this study aims to make recommendations for the practical application, organizational design and operation of collaborative innovation, and the promotion of cultural and creative industries.

文化是當代最具尖銳性的議題之一，不同文化所造成的差異與衝突，更對法規範產生莫大的衝擊。以憲法面向來說，各種文化保障主張均以入憲為最終訴求，並藉此要求國家必須予以最高的尊重。然而，入憲不僅有其門檻限制，某些想法更與既存憲法體系有所齟齬。至於法律面向，儘管國會議員制定諸多相關文化保護法規，但因此對文化所造成的影響亦非無疑。因而，有關文化的諸多問題，必須採取其他更細膩的作法。 本書基於上述想法以及文化所具有的多元、進化及傳統等各種特色，採取部門憲法的觀點以整合文化領域的特性，進而在人民的基本權利與國家的基本國策詮釋上，顯現文化對憲法所能作用的範圍。根據本書初步的觀察，文化不應僅是狹義的教育、科學、藝術等三大領域，更應及於個人內心意志和外在認同的生活形態、行為模式以及價值觀等廣義文化面向。因此在文化憲法的角度下，文化並非僅受到特定基本權的保障，而是每個基本權內涵的形成過程，都應加入文化的考量，以免排除或忽視不同文化族群的需求。順此脈絡，本書強調在基本權限制上，內在文化自我意識必須受到絕對的保障，而外在文化的表現則應受嚴格檢驗，並且國家對文化資源的分配亦需嚴守平等原則。 在此認知之下，本文提出文化憲法下的文化自由權與文化平等權，並具體檢討國內的原住民族議題和語言爭議

跨國間的政策學習與政策移轉有逐漸增加的趨勢，但國內的相關研究仍在發展階段，本文以Rose的政策學習及Dolowitz與Marsh的政策移轉為理論架構，並以行政院勞委會2001年推出的永續就業希望工程為研究個案，以深入訪談法訪問當時參與政策規劃的三位學者顧問與兩位幕僚，探討國內參考國外經驗的政策設計過程，並分析勞委會參考歐盟第三系統就業方案的動機、政策移轉程度，最後並從政策移轉角度，對將來的政策設計提出建議。 　　本文的研究發現如下： 一、永續就業工程參考歐盟第三系統政策方案的動機在於國內九二一災區重建大軍的在地創造就業經驗與歐盟第三系統與就業方案具有相似性，兩者以第三部門創造就業管道的作法，均發揮輔導就業的成果，增加政策的可行性。此外，由於地方政府對第三部門及新的就業輔導措施成效存疑，因此，基於政策行銷的動機，永續案以「參考歐盟經驗」，與國外最新政策搭上關聯，以便說服地方政府及加強國人信心。二、政策移轉程度屬於政策移轉程度最淺的「啟發」（inspiration）程度，永續案僅參考歐盟的政策精神與概念，並非政策方案的全盤移植。由於永續案政策規劃時間不足，沒有時間及資源更深入探究歐盟作法，此外，由於台灣與歐盟的社會條件差異性大，政策方案需符合台灣社會條件與需求，因此永續案並未全盤移植歐盟方案。三、政策執行遭遇的障礙包括（1）地方政府缺乏相關經驗，因此開創的就業工作多為清潔等發展性較低的工作。（2）國內NPO、NGO的管理、人事及財務會計制度不健全，缺乏能企劃提案的人才。（3）政府初期對非營利組織的投資仍較保守，後期才投入協助NPO管理與行銷。（4）地方派系瓜分資源，公器私用。 　　本文提出的政策建議如下： 一、未來國內在進行政策移轉時，應避免外界質疑政策移轉徒具形式，國外政策經驗淪為替政策背書，可更細緻的探究國外政策方案的利弊得失，深入探討對我國政策方案的啟示及適用於我國社會環境的可行性。二、政府參考國外政策方案的研究工作，平時應有專責的研究單位負責，改善目前政策研究案委託外包、卻缺乏實際效用的情況。在短期的政策方案規劃上：應增調人力及預算支援業務主辦單位，分兩組人同時進行政策研究與政策方案的設計。三、政策可行性不確定性高時可先以小規模的先導計劃實驗，修正後再大規模實施。在沒有時間進行小規模先導性實驗計劃的情況下，從做中學、從執行中發現問題，再對政策方案本身進行微調、修正，也是一項折衷的選項。四、移轉他國的政策方案，需考慮在本國社會的條件與系絡下，政策方案需作那些調整與配套，以避免移植的方案水土不服，並應考量國內的政治生態會對政策方案造成何種影響，可如何事先預作制度設計與規劃。 　　本文並嘗試結合政策規劃與政策移轉理論（見圖5-2，頁141），在決策模式理性程度高低的分類之外，從政策移轉的視角，補充政策學習、政策擴散的觀點，解釋為何一國的政策會採納他國或國內其他機關已採行的決策，以增強對政策決策過程的解釋力。但本研究僅以永續就業工程計劃一個案為例，未來仍待相關研究繼續深入分析。 / Increased international policy learning and policy transfer have drawn high academic attention. However, there is little research to unravel both the motivation and content of policy transferred from abroad in Taiwan. This paper applies Rose’s (1993) lesson-drawing theory and Dolowitz’s (2000) framework of policy transfer to analyze how EU’s employment project, The Third System and Employment, has influenced the Sustainable Employment Plan in Taiwan and why Taiwan learns from the EU. Three academic consultants and two public officers of the Labour Affair Committee were interviewed and the process, motivation and content of policy transfer have been analyzed. There are four key findings of this paper. (1) Far from making rational decisions, policy makers stopped search for policies in other countries when the first acceptable alternative arrived. Although the local experience of job creation through the third sector in the areas devastated by 921 earthquake shares similar spirit with EU’s policy project and thus facilitates policy transfer, policy makers admit that relating policy to experience from abroad is also a technique of policy marketing to enhance policy legitimacy and public acceptance. (2) The extent of policy transfer is low and only limited to the ‘inspiration level’ due to two reasons. Besides time pressure and resources constrains during the policy making process, which refraining policy makers from more in-depth research of EU’s policy project, the recognition of heterogeneous context and social conditions in Taiwan and EU countries also leads policy makers to design policy and details of execution locally rather than copying from EU. (3) Promoting job opportunities through the third sector in Taiwan encounters several obstacles in implementation, including that most jobs created were low-skilled ones rather than sustainable ones; NGOs lack sufficient ability to execute, or even to propose employment projects; government mistrusts of NGOs; and local political fractions misuse of project budget to treat their political alliance. The policy implications from this case study are: (1) Policy makers should avoid using policy transfer as a tool of policy marketing. Rather, in-depth research of foreign policies and applicability to local context is warranted. (2) While the results of the contract-out policy research projects are usually found less practical to help policy planning, it is necessary to establish policy research centers within the government to draw lessons from abroad in the long run. In the short term, it is useful to allocate adequate research resources, including budget and manpower, during the process of policy transfer and planning to improve the quality of public policies. (3) Use policy pilots to avoid great policy mistakes when the feasibility of the policy transferred is highly uncertain. (4) Consider local context and conditions when transferring foreign policy experiences and make adjustments in advance. This paper also tries to combine policy planning and policy transfer theories (see Graph 5-2) to enhance the robustness of interpretation of the policy process which involves policy learning. While traditional analysis focusing on the extent of rationale of policy-making, this paper adopts the perspective of policy transfer and attempts to locate an improved model of policy planning. However, only one case was researched in this text and more in-depth studies are needed to adapt the analytical framework in the future.

近年來雙邊甚或區域間簽訂自由貿易協定之風盛行，本文欲探討其影響。參考Caliendo and Parro(2015)的方法，以考慮部門異質性、投入產出連結以及中間財貿易之模型，計算1995-2013年間三個模型的福利效果。旨在分別檢視1995-2005年間WTO成立十年之影響、2005-2013年間全球120份自由貿易協定生效之效果，以及韓國此段期間內簽訂自由貿易協定之成果。本文結果顯示，WTO於1995年成立至其後10年間，確實為會員國帶來正面影響，總體而言，多數國家福利效果變動率為正。到了2005-2013年，全球有120份區域貿易協定生效，亦提升多數國家的福利，然成長幅度不如1995-2005來的顯著。惟韓國受惠於其簽訂自由貿易協定的成效，福利成長得與先前維持相近水準。此外，透過不同模型間的比較，本文發現各模型間的福利效果有明顯差異，顯示現今複雜的國際分工鏈下，完善考量部門間的互動因素實為衡量國際貿易效果的重要課題。