ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV / Over the past several years DoD imposed constraints on test deliverables, requiring objective measures of test results, i.e., statistically defensible test and evaluation (SDT&E) methods and results. These constraints force testers to employ statistical hypotheses, analyses and modeling to assess test results objectively, i.e., based on statistical metrics, analytical methods, probability of confidence complemented by, rather than solely on expertise, which is too subjective. In this and companion papers we discuss methods of objectifying testing. We employ an earth coordinate model and statistical modeling of telemetry (TM) tracking antenna employing time-space position information (TSPI) and derived statistical measures for tracking-error and auto-tracking mode. Test data were statistically analyzed via analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) which revealed that the antenna control unit (ACU) under test (AUT) does not track statistically identically, nor as practically or efficiently in C-band while receiving data carriers in both S- and C-bands. The conclusions of this paper add support to that hypothesis. In this third of three papers we use data from a range test, but make no reference to the systems under test as the purpose of this paper is to present an example of tools useful for employing a SDT&E methodology.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) Integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) program is currently testing networked telemetry transceivers (IP.TM-Tx/Rx) using the Internet Protocol (IP), for use in telemetry (TM) channels. A unique characteristic of networked telemetry channel is packet drops due to radio frequency (RF) signal dynamics, i.e., terrain, weather, aircraft attitude, manmade objects, etc.. One of the key measures of the IP.TMTx/ Rx is reliability is link availability (LA), and a key element of LA is time to resynchronize after RF link loss.

研究目的：探討微電腦廠商在不同國際市場行銷策略的差異、最適之行銷組合及其對 績效的影響。 文獻探討：１．學者們對國際行銷策略應採行標準化（Levitt １９８３）或因地制 宜（Sorenson and Weichmann１９７５，Buzzell １９８０）迭有爭議。 ２．陳正男（１９８５）曾利用集群分析將行銷策略分成擴張策略、中庸策略及防禦 策略，發現採行擴張策略的廠商其成長率皆高於採行防禦策略的廠商。 研究方法：１．資料收集：初級資料以郵寄問卷獲得，次級資料則蒐集期刊、資策會 研究報告及相關報章雜誌而得。 ２．抽樣方法：以我國微電腦外銷前三十名廠商及參加１９８７年台北國際電腦展之 微電腦公司為樣本。 ３．資料分析：以集群分析獲得行銷策略型態之分類，再利用ＡＮＯＶＡ探討行銷策 略型態與績效之關係。 研究內容：實際調查各廠商在美加、西歐、東南亞、澳紐四個地區其產品策略、通路 策略、訂價策略、及惟廣策略的做法。 研究結果：我國微電腦產業依不同地區的市場特性，有不同的行銷策略，亦獲得不同 的行銷績效。

本論文共計乙冊，分五章十八節，約六萬餘字。扼要說明如下： 一、研究目的： 本研究之目的有三：（一）探討各級教育行政人員之成就動機、工作特性與組織承諾 之實際情形。（二）分析個人人口統計變項、成就動機、工作特性與組織承諾之相關 。（三）根據研究結果提出具體建議，供各級教育行政人員作為促進組織承諾之參考 。 二、研究方法： 本研究之對象為教育部、教育廳（局），及各縣市教育局之正式編制人員。研究工具 為工作與家庭取向量表、工作特性量表、組織承諾問卷，離職意願問卷。並以積差相 閞、變異數分析、迴歸分析等統計方法分析資料。 三、研究結果： 本研究結果發現：（一）各級教育行政人員之性別年齡教育程度婚姻狀況職位與組織 承諾，離職意願有關聯存在，年資與組織承諾則無相關。（二）高成就動機者組織承 諾較高，工作自主性、挑戰性較高者，其組織承諾亦較高，在離職意願上則無顯著差 異。 四、建議： 根據研究之結果，提出二點建議：（一）工作豐富化：給予教育行政人員更多的自主 權，並增加工作的挑戰性。（二）配合個體成就動機的強弱，給予不同性質的工作， 促使教育行政人員發揮其潛力，並提升對機關之承諾。

一、問題緣起、動機： 現金的農業部門出現許多農業發展的瓶頸，例如勞動成本高，規模不經濟而導致農業 所得偏低。部分學者專家認為提高農業所得的有效方法是減少農民轉業。為此便需要 了解目前的地主、佃農對於耕地收入的依賴性。 二、操作性定義： 對地主而言依賴程度＝出租地租金收入/總收入 對佃農而言依賴程度＝承租地產出收入/總收入 對出（承）租地的自由度＝１－依賴程度 三、研究目的： １．地主（佃農）人口統計變數與其依賴度之關係。 ２．地主（佃農）耕地規模變數與其依賴度之關係。 ３．地主（佃農）住屋狀況變數與其依賴度之關係。 ４．地主（佃農）其機器設備變數與其依賴度之關係。 ５．地主（佃農）依賴度對處理出（承）租地之意願。 四、研究方法： 本論文之研究工具為問卷調查與分析，樣本戶數五二０分遍及全省各縣市五四個鄉鎮 。其中地主一０四分、佃農四一六分。至於本研究所採用的分析工具包括，百分比， ’ANOVA’ Gross Tables。 五、研究內容： 本文共分五章，其內容如下概述： 第一章 緒 論 第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 第三章 地主對出租耕地依賴程度及其相關因素之研究 第四章 佃農對承租耕地依賴程度及其相關因素之研究 第五章 結論與建議 六、繼續研究的課題

在沒有常態假設的情況下, 比較兩種有關變異成份之二次推定函數, 一種為最小距離 二次不偏推定量(MINQNE ),且此推定量滿足不變性(invariance)的條件, 另一種則為 一般變異數分析中的推定量(ANOVA),只考慮簡單的一因子線性模式yij=M+Li+Eij ,先 求算兩種推定量在沒有常態假設下的變異數, 再利用電腦求算一些結果, 發現ヾ在所 給平衡設計中ANOVA 與MINQNE有相同的結果, ゝ在所給不平衡設計中, 當變異數比值 (σd2/σe2 )屬於1 的鄰近時, MINQNE較ANOVA 有較小的變異數。

同時比較多個樣本間的差異，可用ANOVA來檢定，但ANOVA只能得到樣本間有差異的訊息，無法明確指出是哪些樣本間有差異，需要使用多重比較找出樣本間的差異。本文主要探討相關的離散型資料的多重比較，以型I誤差與檢定力兩指標找出最適的多重比較法。本文依序探討獨立的連續型資料、相關的連續型資料、獨立的離散型資料、相關的離散型資料，並針對相關型的資料提出修正法。綜合型I誤差與檢定力兩指標來看，在樣本間的平均差異小時，Shaffer’s first procedure Test (1986)、Procedure 4 by Bergmann and Hommel (1988)為兩兩比較下較佳的修正法，Hochberg Test (1988)為多對ㄧ比較下較佳的修正法；樣本間平均差異大時，Bonferroni 為兩兩比較下較佳的修正法，Hochberg (1988)、Simes (1986)為多對ㄧ比較下較佳的修正法。 / Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is usually applied to check whether there are differences among more than two treatments. However, even there are differences, multiple comparison procedures are still needed to determine which pair(s) of treatments are different. In this study, we use simulation to compare the frequently used multiple comparison procedures, including many-to-one and pair-wise, and type-I error and power are used to measure the performance of procedures. Two types of data were considered, independently and correlated distributed data. If the differences among treatments are small, Shaffer’s first procedure test (1986) and Procedure 4 by Bergmann and Hommel (1988) are the best in pair-wise case, and Hochberg test (1988) is the best in many-to-one case. If the differences among treatments are large, the Bonferroni procedure is the best in pair-wise case, and the procedures by Hochberg (1988) and Simes (1986) are the best in many-to-one case.

La fraction d’éjection du ventricule gauche est un excellent marqueur de la fonction cardiaque. Plusieurs techniques invasives ou non sont utilisées pour son calcul : l’angiographie, l’échocardiographie, la résonnance magnétique nucléaire cardiaque, le scanner cardiaque, la ventriculographie radioisotopique et l’étude de perfusion myocardique en médecine nucléaire. Plus de 40 ans de publications scientifiques encensent la ventriculographie radioisotopique pour sa rapidité d’exécution, sa disponibilité, son faible coût et sa reproductibilité intra-observateur et inter-observateur. La fraction d’éjection du ventricule gauche a été calculée chez 47 patients à deux reprises, par deux technologues, sur deux acquisitions distinctes selon trois méthodes : manuelle, automatique et semi-automatique. Les méthodes automatique et semi-automatique montrent dans l’ensemble une meilleure reproductibilité, une plus petite erreur standard de mesure et une plus petite différence minimale détectable. La méthode manuelle quant à elle fournit un résultat systématiquement et significativement inférieur aux deux autres méthodes. C’est la seule technique qui a montré une différence significative lors de l’analyse intra-observateur. Son erreur standard de mesure est de 40 à 50 % plus importante qu’avec les autres techniques, tout comme l’est sa différence minimale détectable. Bien que les trois méthodes soient d’excellentes techniques reproductibles pour l’évaluation de la fraction d’éjection du ventricule gauche, les estimations de la fiabilité des méthodes automatique et semi-automatique sont supérieures à celles de la méthode manuelle. / Left ventricular ejection fraction is an excellent indicator of cardiac function. Many invasive and non-invasive techniques can be used for its assessment: angiography, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, computed tomography of the heart, multigated radionuclide angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging. More than 40 years of scientific publication praise the multigated radionuclide angiography for its execution speed, its availability, its low cost and intrarater and interrater reproducibility. The left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated twice for 47 patients, using two raw data acquisitions, two technologists and three software platforms: one fully manual, one semi-automatic and one fully automatic. In general, the automatic and semi-automatic methods showed greater reproducibility, a smaller standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change than the manual method, whereas the manual method systematically gave a significantly lower quality of result. It was the only technique that showed significant intrarater difference, and its standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were 40% to 50% higher than those of automatic and semi-automatic methods. Even though all three techniques are all excellent and reliable options, reliability coefficient estimations were superior using automatic and semi-automatic methods as compared to the manual method.

<p>A trend in natural science and especially in analytical chemistry is the increasing need for analysis of a large number of complex samples with low analyte concentrations. Biological samples (urine, blood, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid, tissue etc.) are often suitable for analysis with liquid separation mass spectrometry (LS-MS), resulting in two-way data tables (time vs. m/z). Such biological 'fingerprints' taken for all samples in a study correspond to a large amount of data. Detailed characterization requires a high sampling rate in combination with high mass resolution and wide mass range, which presents a challenge in data handling and exploration. This thesis describes methods for managing and exploring large data sets made up of such detailed 'fingerprints' (represented as data matrices). </p><p>The methods were implemented as scripts and functions in Matlab, a wide-spread environment for matrix manipulations. A single-file structure to hold the imported data facilitated both easy access and fast manipulation. Routines for baseline removal and noise reduction were intended to reduce the amount of data without loosing relevant information. A tool for visualizing and exploring single runs was also included. When comparing two or more 'fingerprints' they usually have to be aligned due to unintended shifts in analyte positions in time and m/z. A PCA-like multivariate method proved to be less sensitive to such shifts, and an ANOVA implementation made it easier to find systematic differences within the data sets.</p><p>The above strategies and methods were applied to complex samples such as plasma, protein digests, and urine. The field of application included urine profiling (paracetamole intake; beverage effects), peptide mapping (different digestion protocols) and search for potential biomarkers (appendicitis diagnosis) . The influence of the experimental factors was visualized by PCA score plots as well as clustering diagrams (dendrograms).</p>

Historically, Hispanic/Latino (H/L) students have been under-referred, under-identified, and under-served by the U.S. Special Education (SPED) system, particularly under the emotional behavioral disturbance (EBD) category. This finding is alarming given that numerous federal sources report that H/L students continue a disturbing trend of struggling academically as well as being at a higher risk for poor mental health outcomes such as elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidality when compared to their peers. Unfortunately, the existing mental health and education literature on H/L students provides limited guidance in understanding the disproportionate underrepresentation of H/L in the EBD category of the SPED system; an underrepresentation well-documented in the report to congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). Using survey methods, the purpose of this study was to shed light on the possible mediating role teachers' perceptions have on the SPED referral and identification decisions by looking at teacher ratings of risk for EBD-like behaviors of students across behavioral conditions (i.e., internalizing versus externalizing types of behaviors) and across ethnic/racial groups (i.e., White, African Americans, and H/L students) using a response-to-intervention framework. Using the Qualtrics software, an online survey tool, 114 self-selected pre-service teachers were surveyed; data was collected and analyzed using a One-way Analysis of Variance. Two main effects and two interaction effects were explored: does the students' ethnic/racial background moderate the teachers' at risk score (ARS) regardless of the behavior displayed?; does the type of behavioral expression moderate the ARS regardless of ethnic/race?; is there an interaction effect between H/L students exhibiting internalizing behaviors that systematically results in a lower ARS and AA students exhibiting externalizing behaviors that systematically results in a higher ARS? Results indicated that (a) when compared to White, Hispanic/Latino students are indeed less likely to be perceived by the pre-service teachers as exhibiting EBD-like behaviors regardless of the behavior (externalizing, internalizing, or neutral) displayed, (b) externalizing behaviors was the strongest predictor for perceiving someone as at-risk for having EBD-like behaviors, and (c) no interaction effects were found.