Global ETD Search

221	BRUKA / BRUKA Åström, Louise January 2023 (has links) Från bruksort till BRUKA, med kalkbrottet som gemensam nämnare. Stora Vika har historiskt bestått av en symbiotisk relation mellan ortens tre ”ben”: kalkbrottet, cementindustrin och bostadsområdet. Idag präglas orten av att kopplingen mellan dessa tre element gått förlorad. Visionen med BRUKA är att väcka liv i platsens historiska koppling mellan människa och industri, med kalken som “cementerande” element. Till skillnad från bruk - ett substantiv med fokus på maskin och industri så är BRUKA ett imperativ: en mänsklig handling, en plats för folket att göra till sin. BRUKA förvaltar Stora Vikas arv av att bruka platsens unika råvara, kalken, men istället för den historiska produkten cement är kalken i BRUKA en källa till kunskap för geologiska forskare. BRUKA gjuter nytt liv i Stora Vika bygd i form av arbetstillfällen, aktiviteter samt ekonomiskt tillskott för att stötta upp andra insatser i närområdet och i kommunen i stort. BRUKA visar vikten av att luckra upp gränser och göra bruk av mötet mellan människa och natur. BRUKA sätter återigen ortens ”grande dame”, den unika urkalkstenen, i förgrunden, och låter den bli en generator för arbetstillfällen, kunskapsproduktion, kunskapsdelning och bildning, kreativt skapande och lärande. / From the industrial village to BRUKA, the limestone quarry serves as a common denominator. Stora Vika has always had a symbiotic relationship between its three "legs": the lime quarry, the cement industry, and the residential area. Today, the town is distinguished by the fact that the connection between these three elements has been lost. The aim of BRUKA is to revive the site's historical link between man and industry, using lime as the "cementing" element. Unlike "bruk", the Swedish term for "industry" focused on machinery and production, BRUKA is an imperative: a human action. BRUKA honors Stora Vika's tradition of using the site's unique raw material, limestone, but instead of being turned into concrete, the lime in BRUKA serves as a source of knowledge for geological researchers. BRUKA breathes new life into the Stora Vika village through jobs, events, and financial contributions to other community and governmental projects. BRUKA demonstrates the necessity of bridging boundaries and leveraging the combined power of man and environment. BRUKA brings the local "grande dame," the unique primordial limestone, back into the spotlight and enables it to become a generator of jobs, information production, knowledge exchange and education, creativity and learning. folkets hus community house Nynäshamn Stora Vika geologi forskning utbildning utställning konst geology research education art exhibition jordhus rammed earth kalk limestone kalkbrott quarry post-industrial postindustriell Cementa ekologi ekosystem ecology ecosystem Architecture Arkitektur
222	Explorative Scenarios for Future Lithium Supplies and Demand / Utforskande prognoser för tillgång och efterfrågan av litium i framtiden Rahman, Aksel January 2023 (has links) Because of its specific qualities, lithium is a key element for making lithium-ion batteries, which is of great relevance since the battery sector is the fastest growing user of lithium to date and with the transition towards a fully electrified transportation sector due to the current climate agenda and an even bigger increase in demand for lithium is anticipated for the coming decades. The two main sources for lithium to date are mines and brines, with brine water composing around 87 % of the world’s lithium reserves in terms of contained lithium. Salars, dominantly large salt flats in South America, provide the type of brine water that has a high concentration of lithium. These salars occur primarily in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile (the ABC-triangle), where solid lithium-compounds occur dominantly as evaporate minerals such as lithium carbonates. Lithium from salars is recovered with natural evaporation and salar-derived lithium-salts generally have a higher purity than lithium derived from pegmatite mining. However, the process of lithium extraction from salars much slower than mining lithium from pegmatite, although large amounts of energy are required and large amounts of waste rock material is produced in the process. Lithium also occurs in geothermal waters and in seawater, but at far lower concentrations then in pegmatites or salar brines, which thus requires large processing efforts to be economically attractive.The purpose of this study is to provide a modern update based on the lithium production data in metric tons from recent years and interpolate the lithium production for the remaining part of the century. Then I will assess the difference between the projections from the study by Vikström et al. 2014, that were previously used to estimate possible future production rates annually, and current production and availability estimates. To achieve this, the present study will compare the different sources of lithium all over the world, mainly hard rock and brine, with a focus on the geological aspects and the EU from a financial aspect. This thesis thus aims to assess future production trends based on most recent data on geological availability, which will be retrieved from The United States Geological Survey, and earlier forecasts with the purpose to investigate if and how previous forecasts will need to change in respect to various resource availability. The production data ranging from 1900 to 2010 from the previous study by Vikström et al., on which the previous forecast production is based on, is updated with data from 2011 to 2019. With the addition of the more recent data, a similar forecast projection will be made using the same mathematical models (logistic, Gompertz and Richards). lithium mining lithium future production Gompertz models Richards models Logistic models Geology Geologi Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinär geovetenskap Energy Systems Energisystem Other Environmental Engineering Annan naturresursteknik
223	A Web Application for Wildfire Spread Prediction and Visualisation in Sweden Using Geospatial Data and Technology / En Webbapplikation för Förutsägelse och Visualisering av Spridning av Skogsbrand Utifrån Geospatial Data och Teknologi Makenzius, Micael, Bylerius, Jonas January 2022 (has links) Skogsbränder är kraftfulla naturfenomen kapabla att åstakomma omfattande skada över stora ytor och medföra omfattande kostnader för sammhället både humanitärt, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt. Det finns därför ett starkt incitament att övervaka och förutspå skogsbränders utveckling och spridning. Traditionellt används kraftfulla skrivbordsklienter för att köra den simulerings-mjukvara som förutspår skogsbränder, vilket begränsar användningsområdet för simuleringar. Webbklienter är naturligt mobila och lättanvända. Genom att flytta bearbetningen till en server överförs majoriteten av arbetet från klienten. Det här projektet utvecklar ett server-klient baserat ramverk för att simulera skogsbränder, visualisera resultatet och hantera data för användning i skogsbrandsbekämpnings och -analys arbetsflöde. Både parametrarna som skickas till servern och simuleringsresultatet som returneras till klienten. Ramverket använder en kombination av HTTPS-kommunikation och websocket-teknologi för att kommunicera data mellan klienten och server i real-time genom Django-ramverket. Brandmodellen på den Kanadensiska empiriska brandmodellen Prometheus som är implementerad i programmeringsspråket Python. Det är optimerat för det svenska klimated för att enkelt kunnas fältsättas i en webbapplikation för svenska myndigheter. Webb-applikationen är tillgänglig genom mobila och stationära enheter där ramverket beräknar och visualiserar förutspådd fortspridning av skogsbrand i realtid. Skogsbrands moduleringsmodellen av applikationen är jämförd med skogsbränderna i Enskogen och Ängra närastaden Kårböle under sommaren 2018. Noggrannhetsbedömningen av modellen påvisar att den simulerade branden tenderar att innehålla den egentliga elden men är benägen att överskatta eldspridningen. Applikationen utvärderades även genom ett formulär om applikationens funktionallitet som skickades till en provgrupp av personer som arbetar med skogsbränder eller annat relevant område. Provgruppen var nöjd med applikationen och såg ett anvädningsområde för applikationen i sitt arbetsflöde. Mycket arbete återstår för att göra applikationen fältduglig genom integration av myndigheters datatjänster och andra databaser som innehåller riskobjekt, byggnader, kraftledningar e.g. Trots detta ansågs brandingejörer inom räddningstjänster en möjlighet att använda verktygen i dess nuvarande tillstånd om simuleringsresultatet anses korrekt nog för att fungera som underlag för beslut. Detta understryker behovet av en liknande applikation, med vidare funktionalitet och integration med data-system. / Wildfires are powerful natural forces capable of causing extensive damage to large areas of lands and induce a high societal cost in both humanitarian, economic and environmental terms. As such there is a strong incentive to track and predict wildfires' development and spread. Traditionally heavy desktop clients are required to run the simulation-software required to perform wildfire spread predictions, which limits their use and versatility. Conversely, web-based clients are lightweight and versatile by design. By moving the processing of the simulation to a server the bulk of the workload is removed from the client. This project aims to produce a server-client framework for simulating wildfires, visualising the result and handling the fire data for use in the workflow of wildfire suppression and analysis. Both the parameters sent to the server and the simulation result returned to the client. It utilises a combination of HTTPS-requests and websockets-technology to communicate data and information between the client and server in real-time through the Django framework. The fire simulation is based upon the Canadian empirical fire-model Prometheus. The implementation of the algorithm were adopted in the programming language python and optimized for the Swedish climate to be easily deployed in a web-application to be used by Swedish organisations. The web-application was accessible though mobile and stationary devices where the framework calculated and visualised the progression of the wildfire in real-time. The wildfire progression model of the application was compared to the wildfires Enskogen and Ängra, close to the town of Kårböle during the summer of 2018. The accuracy assessment of the fire progression model found that the simulated wildfire progression tend to contain the observed fire and prone to overestimate the wildfires progression. The application was evaluated though a questionnaire which was answered by a sample group composed of persons working with wildfires or wildfire related fields. The sample group were satisfied by the application and broadly found that the application could be implemented into their workflow. Much work remain to operationalise the application, such as integration of municipal data sources and other databases containing resources, risk-objects, buildings, power-lines. In spite of this Fire-engineers in emergency services state a possibility for use of the application as is, if the simulations are deemed accurate enough and provide a better basis for decision making and measures. This underlines the need of an application such as this in the field, and with further functionalities and integration's with data-systems. Prometheus wildfire progression real-time python Django google earth engine Mapbox GL JS web-application Prometheus skogsbrands simulering realtid python Django google earth engine Mapbox GL JS webbapplikation Computer Sciences Datavetenskap (datalogi) Social Anthropology Socialantropologi Geology Geologi
224	Mälardalens försvunna och oupptäckta fornlämningar : GIS-baserad rumslig modellering och landskapsanalys / The lost and undiscovered ancient remains of Mälardalen : GIS-based spatial modelling and landscape analysis Löfstedt, Joakim January 2024 (has links) I denna uppsats analyseras utbredningen av fornlämningar i Mälardalen och deras förhållande till miljö och geologi, med fokus på att hitta okända fornlämningar med hjälp av digitala verktyg. Kulturmiljöregistret baserat på inventeringar genomförda över tid studeras. Verktygen GIS och MaxEnt beskrivs, samt deras användning för arkeologiska landskapsstudier. De används för analys av fornlämningarnas spridningsbild. Ett antal lämningskategorier valdes ut för analys, och resultaten jämförs med tidigare forskning. Arkeologi och statistik kombinerat med naturvetenskapliga metoder används för att skapa modeller av okända lämningar som kan användas för att försöka återfinna dessa genom historiska kartor, LiDAR eller med geofysik. Spridningsmönster av figurristningar från bronsåldern påvisas ha en stark korrelation till bergarten kvartsarenit, en upptäckt som kan leda till nya tolkningar av lämningskategorin och landskapsutnyttjandet i Uppland. Uppsatsen visar på modeller och tekniker för landskapsanalys som kan vara användbara för att identifiera tidigare okända mönster och bättre förstå förhistoriska landskap samt för att skapa en brygga till framtida arkeologisk forskning med stöd av AI, drönare och stora datamängder. / In this paper, the distribution of ancient remains in the Mälardalen and their relationship to the environment and geology is analysed, focusing on finding unknown ancient remains using digital tools. Kulturmiljöregistret created from inventories carried out over time is studied. The tools GIS and MaxEnt are described, as well as their use for archaeological landscape studies and for analysis of distribution patterns of ancient remains. A number of categories of remains were selected for analysis, and the results were compared with previous research. Archaeology and statistics combined with natural science are used to create models of unknown remains for recovering them with the aid of historical maps, LiDAR or geophysics. Distribution patterns of figure carvings from the Bronze Age are shown to have a strong correlation to the rock type quartz arenite, a discovery that can lead to new interpretations of this category of remains and the landscape utilization in Uppland. The paper shows models for landscape analysis which can be useful for identifying previously unknown patterns and for better understanding of prehistoric landscapes, as well as to create a bridge to future archaeological research supported by AI, drones and large data sets. GIS MaxEnt Mälardalen distribution patterns geology rock carvings graves quartz arenite hillforts LiDAR historical maps inventories GIS MaxEnt Mälardalen utbredningsmönster geologi hällristningar gravar kvartsarenit fornborgar LiDAR historiska kartor inventering Archaeology Arkeologi
225	Skyddsinfiltrationens influensområde för en fallstudie : - modellering och osäkerheter Sigfridson, Marcus January 2019 (has links) För att uppskatta influensområdet till följd av skyddsinfiltartion finns ett antal analytiska modeller att tillämpa. Dessa modeller tar hänsyn till parametrar så som hydraulisk konduktivitet och magasinkoefficient, men de följer också med en rad antaganden som i praktiken inte kan uppfyllas. En alternativ tillvägagång för att bestämma influensområdet är därför med hjälp av numeriska modeller, som i större grad kan göras platsspecifika. Numeriska modeller är till följd av detta mer tidskrävande och behöver mer indata. I denna studie undersöktes vilken metod som är bäst lämpad för att bestämma skyddsinfiltrationens influensområden för en fallstudie i Bromstens industriområde, belägen cirka 15 km nordväst om Stockholm centrum. Två numeriska modeller med varierande underlag av platsspecifika data utvecklades över områdets geologi och grundvattenmagasin för att kunna simulera grundvattennivåer med och utan infiltration. Utöver detta beräknades influensområdet med fyra analytiska modeller. Modellerna testades sedan utifrån olika scenarion, där såväl dataupplösning som den platsspecifika kännedomen över området stegvis ökades. Platsspecifika data tillkom till följd av geotekniska undersökningar och hydrogeologiska tester. Studien ämnar även att besvara vilken data som är av störst vikt för att bestämma influensområdet med de analytiska respektive numeriska modellerna samt vilka skillnader som uppstår mellan analytiskt beräknade influensområden och numeriskt simulerade influensområden. Resultaten visar att de numeriska modellerna i huvudsak är känsligast med avseende på den hydrauliska konduktiviteten, samt att den enklare numeriska modellen är känslig för magasinkoefficienten, något som indikerar att denna modell inte uppnår jämvikt i enlighet med vad som observerats i fält. Utöver detta stod det klart att vattenavgivningstalet inte hade någon nämnvärd inverkan på resultaten. Bland de analytiska modellerna råder den största känsligheten i magasinkoefficienten, följt av konduktiviteten. För Sichardts formel, som inte tar hänsyn till magasinkoefficienten var konduktiviteten den känsligaste parametern. Akvifärens mäktighet, vilken reviderades mellan scenario 2 och 3, hade ingen betydande inverkan på de analytiska modellerna. Vidare visade infiltrationstestet på stora skillnader i skyddsinfiltrationens influensområde med avseende på de olika modellerna och dataunderlaget. Den minsta avvikelsen mätt i residualer observerades för den komplexa numeriska modellen under scenario 4, vilket motsvarar det scenario då dataunderlaget var som störst. Trots att detta scenario tillsammans med modell anses vara det dyraste fallet, anses detta vara det bästa och samtidigt mest tillförlitligt metoden för att uppskatta skyddsinfiltrationens influensområde. / To evaluate the area of influence due to artificial infiltration several analytical models are available. Some of the parameters taken into account by these models are the hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient, but with these models some assumptions, which in reality cannot be fulfilled, are made. An alternative approach to evaluate the area of influence is therefore with numerical models, which in a greater extent account for the site-specific conditions. Due to this, numerical models are more time consuming and require more input data. This project aims to investigate the most effective approaches to evaluate the area of influence due to artificial infiltration for a case study in Bromsten, located 15 kilometers northwest of Stockholm. Two numerical models, with different background data due to the extent of site knowledge, were developed to represent the site's geological settings and groundwater properties to simulate the groundwaterlevels with and without infiltration. Moreover the area of influence were calculated with four analytical models. All of the models were then applied on four different scenarios, in which the data resolution and the site knowledge increased. Site-specific data was added as a result of geological surveys and hydrogeological tests. The study also aims to answer which data is most important in order to determine the area of influence with analytical and numerical models and what differences there are between the analytical solutions compared with the numerical solutions. Among the methods investigated, constructing a more complex model with data from scenario 4, the scenario with the greatest data supply, resulted in the most reliable results and was therefore the best method and the method to choose for this case-study. Other results indicated that the numerical models first of all are sensitive to the conductivity and that the more simpel numerical model is sensitive to the storage coefficient as well. The last result shows that this model does not reach the steady state conditions as observed in field, which highlights the importance of goetechnical investigation for the numerical models. Moreover none of the numerical models were sensitive to the specific yield. Among the analytical models the storage coefficient was the most important followed by the conductivity. For one of the analytical models (Sichardts formula) the conductivity was the most sensitive parameter. The thickness of the aquifer had no significant impact on the analytical models. Groundwater modeling Scenario Area of inﬂuence Inﬁltration Grundvattenmodellering Scenario Inﬂuensområde Inﬁltration Geology Geologi Geophysics Geofysik Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Ocean and River Engineering Havs- och vattendragsteknik Geophysical Engineering Geofysisk teknik Geotechnical Engineering Geoteknik Water Engineering Vattenteknik
226	Genetic relationships and origin of the Ädelfors gold deposits in Southeastern Sweden Wiberg Steen, Tobias January 2018 (has links) Ädelfors is situated ca 17 km east of Vetlanda, Jönköping County, in the N-S striking Trans-scandinavian igneous belt and is a part of the NE-SW striking 1.83-1.82 Ga Oskarshamn-Jönköping belt emplaced during a continental subduction towards the Svecofennian continental margin. The continental arc hosts the 1.83 Ga metasedimentary Vetlanda supergroup composed of foliated metagreywacke, metasandstone and metaconglomerate. The sequence is intercalated by mafic and felsic volcanites and hosts the Cu-Au-Fe-mines at Ädelfors. Ädelfors mining field consists of ca 330 mineralized quartz veins hosting both copper, gold and iron. The iron mines Nilsson’s iron mine (NFE) and Fe-mine (FE), the copper mine Kamelen (KM) and the gold mines Brånad’s mine (BR), Adolf Fredrik’s mine (AF), Old Kron mine (GKR), Old Kolhag’s mine (GKO), Thörn mine (TH), New Galon mine (NG), Stenborg’s mine (ST), Tysk mine (TG), Hällaskallen (HS) and Fridhem (FR) have been investigated to deduce a possible genetic relation between the veins and their origin. Sulfur isotope ratios have also been conducted on pyrite from KM, AF and FE. The veins can stucturally be divided into several groups. AF, GKR, ST, NG, TH and possibly NFE are striking 10-70° with a dip of 55-70°. BR, GKO and KM are striking 110-140° with a dip of 80-90° whereas TG and HS strike 90-110° dipping 85°. Fridhem, being distal to the other mines, strikes 70° and dips 80°. A chlorite-quartz-biotite-sericite-rich metapelite hosts the veins in all localities except; FR where a layered, beresitizised felsic volcanite rich in plagioclase, sericite, biotite and quartz hosts disseminated pyrite; and NFE, HS and NG which are hosted by a mafic tuffite. Quartz veins are mainly milky and equigranular, exceptions are FE with black pyrite-bearing quartz veins, cutting through the banded magnetite-metapelite and KM with its dynamically recrystallized quartz. Chlorite-, zeolite-, carbonate-, hematite-, amphibole-, kalifeldspar-, sericite-, biotite- and epidote alteration has been observed among the localities. The ore minerals are dominated by: fractured sub- to euhedral pyrite in cataclastic aggregates or selvage bands, interstitial chalcopyrite in pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, gold and sporadic chalcopyrite diseased sphalerite and arsenopyrite. Previously not reported tetradymite, staurolite, galena and Ce-monazite have also been observed. Bismuthinite and tetradymite as inclusions in pyrite were observed in AF, GKR, FR and TG. Gold was observed in AF, BR, GKR and TG as inclusions in pyrite or quartz with a Au/Ag median of 78.41. HS distinguishes itself with Au/Ag ratios of 4.66-5.25. The trace element ratios in pyrite reveal two major types of pyrite. 1) found in FE and KM (pyrite type 1) with Co/Ni ratio of 10.94, Bi/Au of 1.79, Bi/S of 0.037, Au/Ag of 11.13, S/Se of 235.96 and As/S of 0.006. 2) found in NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, HS, GKR, BR, FR, TG and as stringers in KM4 py1 pyrite type 2) with an average Co/Ni ratio of 5.26, Bi/Au of 1.95, Bi/S of 0.031, Au/Ag of 4.19, S/Se of 0 and As/S of 0. δ34S values strengthens this grouping as KM and FE has 1,3-2,6 ‰ and AF 3,6-3,8 ‰. The following geological interpretation has been concluded: The banded iron formation in FE is the earliest mineralization and was later fractured, emplacing quartz veins with pyrite of type 1. During this event, the Cu-vein in KM was also formed. A second generation of fractures, emplaced after the Småland granitoids formed, were filled with quartz and pyrite of type 2 at mesozonal depth. This is the main stage of gold mineralization and includes NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, GKR, BR, FR and TG. During this event, pyrite of type 2 was added to KM, causing recrystallizing of the quartz. HS is possibly emplaced last or altered as it is more enriched in silver. Morphology, mineralogy, alterations, mineral chemistry and sulfur isotope signatures indicates an orogenic origin of the gold-rich quartz veins at Ädelfors as well as the copper-rich vein in KM. / Ädelfors ligger ca 17 km öster om Vetlanda, Jönköpings län, i det N-S strykande Transskandinaviska granit och porfyrbältet och är en del av det NÖ-SV strykande 1,83-1,82 Ga Oskarshamn-Jönköpingsbältet (OJB) bildad i en kontinental subduktionszon i kanten av den Svecofenniska kontinentalplattan. I denna kontinentalbåge ligger Vetlanda supergruppen som är en metasedimentär del av OJB bestående av starkt folierad 1,83 Ga metagråvacka, metasandsten och metakonglomerat med inlagringar av mafiska och felsiska vulkaniter. Ädelfors gruvfält består utav ca. 330 kvartsgångar förande mestadels guld men också koppar. Järnmineraliseringar i form av bandad järnmalm finns också i området. Geologin, mineralogin och pyritens kemiska sammansättning från järngruvorna Nilssons järngruva (NFE) och Fe-gruvan (FE), koppargruvan Kamelen (KM) och guldgruvorna Brånadsgruvan (BR), Adolf Fredriks gruva (AF), Gamla Krongruvan (GKR), Gamla Kolhagsgruvan (GKO), Thörngruvan (TH), Nya Galongruvan (NG), Stenborgs gruva (ST), Tyskgruvan (TG), Hällaskallen (HS) och Fridhem (FR) har undersökts för att finna eventuella genetiska likheter. Svavelisotopförhållande har fastställts för pyrit från AF, FE och KM. Strukturellt kan gångarna delas in i ett antal grupper. AF, GKR, ST, NG, TH och möjligtvis NFE stryker 10-70° och stupar 55-70°. BR, GKO och KM stryker 110-140° och stupar 80-90° medan TG och HS stryker 90-110° och stupar 85°. Fridhem stryker 70° och stupar 80°. En klorit-kvarts-sericit-biotitrik metapelit utgör värdbergarten i alla gruvor förutom; FR där den utgörs av en beresitiserad felsisk vulkanit rik på plagioklas, sericit, biotit och kvarts med disseminerad pyrit; och NFE, HS, NG vilka har en mafisk tuffitisk moderbergart. Kvartsgångarna är mjölkvita med undantag för FE:s svarta, pyritförande kvarts vilket uppträder som sprickfyllnad i den bandade järnmalmen och är senare bildad. Kvartsen i KM är starkt dynamiskt omkristalliserad. Svag till måttlig foliation är vanlig i sidoberget med undantag av stark foliation i TG och NFE, vilka är lokaliserade i förkastningssprickor med stark kloritförskiffring av värdbergarten. Klorit-, zeolit-, karbonat-, hematit-, amfibol-, kalifältspat-, sericit-, biotit- och epidotomvandling förekommer i majoriteten av lokalerna. Malmmineralen är dominerande sprött deformerad subhedral till euhedral pyrit som kataklastiska aggregat eller band, interstitiell kopparkis i pyrit, markasit, magnetkis, guld och sporadiskt kopparkissjuk zinkblände och arsenikkis. I det här arbetet har även tetradymit, staurolit, blyglans och Ce-monazit observerats. Bismutinit och tetradymit i form av inneslutningar i pyrit observerades i AF, GKR, FR och TG. Guld observerades i AF, BR, GKR och TG som inneslutningar i pyrit eller fritt i kvarts med Au/Ag medianvärde på 78,41, avvikande är HS med värden mellan 4,66-5,25. Förhållanden mellan spårelement i pyrit indikerar två typer av pyrit. Typ 1 funnen i FE och KM har följande värden: Co/Ni = 10,94, Bi/Au = 1,79, Bi/S = 0,037, Au/Ag = 11,13, S/Se = 235,96 och As/S = 0,006. Typ 2 funnen i NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, HS, GKR, BR, FR, TG och som sliror i KM4 py1 har följande värden Co/Ni = 5,26, Bi/Au = 1,95, Bi/S = 0,031, Au/Ag = 4,19, S/Se = 0 and As/S = 0. δ34S värden styrker denna uppdelning där KM och FE har värdena 1,3-2,6 ‰ och AF 3,6-3,8 ‰. Den geologiska utvecklingen av fältet har tolkats som följande: FE-gruvans bandade järnmalm är den tidigaste mineraliseringen vilket följs utav uppsprickning och läkning av kvarts med pyrit typ 1 som också bildar kopparmineraliseringen KM. Senare sprickzoner efter Smålandsgraniternas intrusion läks av kvarts med pyrit typ 2 på mesozonalt djup vilket bildar NG, GKO, ST, TH, AF, NFE, GKR, BR, FR, TG och omkristalliserar och introducerar nya pyritsliror i kvartsen i KM. HS bildas möjligtvis sist eller har blivit omvandlad eftersom den är anrikad på silver. Morfologi, omvandlingar och svavelisotop-signaturer tyder på ett orogent ursprung för Ädelfors guldrika kvartsådror samt den kopparrika kvartsådern i KM. Ädelfors sulfur isotope ratio pyrite chemistry orogenic gold gold gold quartz vein trace elements gold mine banded iron formation SEM-EDS analysis gold silver ratio Ädelfors svavelisotoper pyritkemi orogent guld guldrik kvartsåder guld guldfyndighet spårelement bandad järnmalm SEM-EDS analys guld silver förhållande Geology Geologi
227	Interactive Data Physicalizations : How natural science museums might engage visitors through tangible and embodied interaction Sueiro, Vinicius January 2021 (has links) For thousands of years, physical objects have been used to represent data, in order to support cognition, communication and learning. Such representations, especially newly computer-supported ones, became the focus of an emerging field called data physicalization. Although most physicalizations are passive (i.e., static), a growing number of active (i.e., dynamic) representations have been recently created. There is still, however, an immense opportunity in exploring interactive data physicalizations. This thesis proposes a tangible artifact (a shovel equipped with orientation sensors) that could be used by visitors of Earth sciences museums. SuperTunnel Simulator calculates a hole through Earth, indicating where in the world visitors would end up if they dug in a certain direction. Feedback from participants indicate such embodied interaction might influence learning by igniting visitors’ curiosity and stimulating hypothesis formulation. Finally, we point to research opportunities in conveying data not through an object’s shape, but through our interaction with it. embodied interaction tangible interfaces data physicalization data visualization information visualization web development museums earth sciences Natural Sciences Naturvetenskap Geology Geologi Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinär geovetenskap Physical Geography Naturgeografi Geophysics Geofysik Software Engineering Programvaruteknik Interaction Technologies Interaktionsteknik Computer and Information Sciences Data- och informationsvetenskap Information Studies Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap Human Computer Interaction
228	Diatoms from the late Holocene of the western Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean: environmental signals and palaeoceanography / Diatoméer från sen holocen i västra Tjukjerhavet, Arktiska oceanen: miljösignaler och paleoceanografi Browaldh, Erik January 2022 (has links) The sediment Core SWERUS-L2-2-PC1 (2PC) retrieved from the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean sits in an oceanographically dynamic location at the Arctic-Pacific Ocean gateway. The 8.3 m-long core was retrieved in Herald Canyon at the marginal ice zone at 57 m depth. Core 2PC is well-positioned to record variability in inflow of Bering Sea Water (BSW) and Pacific Water (PW) in Herald Canyon. With the 2PC high sedimentation rate (200 cm/kyr), two independent age models (radiocarbon and palaeomagnetism) based on tephra age markers, and a richness in well-preserved siliceous sediment, validate 2PC as an outstanding sequence for applying diatom assemblage analysis as a proxy for ocean-climate change back to 4250 years BP, including the past few hundred years where global warming and sea ice decline is recorded by instrumental records. These characteristics make Core-2PC a useful record for investigating the role of PW on sea ice variability in the Chukchi Sea, both in the past and predicting the future. To investigate the impact of PW on ocean and sea ice conditions in the Chukchi Sea, diatom assemblage analysis was performed on 49 samples through the Late Holocene. The over-arching goal was to test the hypothesis, suggested by existing research on 2PC using benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca palaeothermometry, that the strength of PW inflow into the Chukchi Sea via Herald Canyon has varied on a time scales of ~500-1000 years in the past 4000 years. PW is slightly warmer than resident Arctic surface waters and is known to be an important control on Arctic sea-ice. The diatom assemblage approach assumes that there are recognizable differences between end-member diatom assemblages that are characteristic of PW versus Arctic Ocean type environments associated with extensive sea-ice conditions. The mapping of species in the Herald Canyon was used to test the idea of variability of sea-ice extent and the role of the Pacific Ocean forcings into the western Chukchi Sea. The results reveal diverse diatom assemblages throughout the past 4000 years in Herald Canyon, showing this core to be very useful for diatom palaeoclimate reconstructions. A total of 126 species with abundance >1% are recognized. Several generalist species typically dominate assemblages especially Chaetoceros, ice-algae, marine-neritic and near ice or cold-water planktic centric diatoms. Distinct changes in stratigraphy are illustrated by changes in identified diatom assemblage zones. The 2PC diatom assemblages were contrasted with records from Chukchi-, Laptev-, East Siberian- and Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. At 2PC, sympagic (sea-ice related), planktic and neritic species abundance varies on time scales of ~500-1000 years. Importantly, there is a clear similarity between the timing of diatom assemblage changes and the 2PC benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca bottom water temperature (BWT) reconstruction. In particular, abundance changes in the warm water species Thalassionema nitzschioides, Shionodiscus oestrupii and Thalassionema simonsenii, tychoplanktic Paralia sulcata, Ice algae- and sympagic assemblages and cold-water indicators correspond best to BWT fluctuations shown by the Mg/Ca reconstruction. These oscillations are suggestive of changes in warmer PW inflow. Other aspects of the diatom data appear to correlate with colder and warmer climate events and suggest that changes in PW inflow amplified the effects of these events in the Chukchi Sea region through the Late Holocene in the Northern Hemisphere. It can thus, be concluded that diatoms from 2PC, support the palaeoceanographic reconstruction suggested by the benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca palaeothermometry and that variations in PW inflow through Herald Canyon is an important driver of sea ice variability on thousand-year time scales. diatoms late holocene SWERUS-L2-2-PC1 Herald Canyon Chukchi Sea ice-algae sympagic cryophilic warm water diatom Bering Sea Water species bottom water temperature BWT benthic foraminifera palaeothermometry ice dynamics Fragilariopsis Fossula arctica Paralia sulcata Shionodiscus oestrupii Thalassiosira simonsenii Chaetoceros Chaetoceros sp. 7 Geology Geologi
229	Geological characterization of rock samples by LIBS and ME-XRT analytical techniques Elvis Nkioh, Nsioh January 2022 (has links) One of the major challenges in earth sciences and mineral exploration has been to determine with high accuracy and at a fast rate the elemental composition as well as the general chemistry of a rock sample. Many analytical techniques e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been employed in the past with a certain degree of success, but their analyses usually require a lengthy sample preparation and time-consuming measurements which produce results at a much slower rate than techniques whichrequire less or do not require any sample preparation at all. SEM images the surface of a sample by scanning it with a high-energy beam of electrons in a raster scan pattern, where the primary electron beam produced under very low air pressure vacuum scans across the sample by striking it, and a variation of signals produce an image of the surface, or its elemental composition together with energy dispersive X-rays. Alternatively, laser induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) and multi energy X-ray transmission (ME-XRT) are non-contact measurement scanning techniques, capable of producing faster results than SEM-EDS which makes them suitable for real time measurements and analyses as they do not slow down the pace of a project being carried out. LIBS is a spectroscopic technique used to characterize and detect materials where a highly energetic laser pulse is focused onto the surfaces of solids, liquids or gases resulting in atomic and molecular species to emit light at specific wavelengths which is collected with a spectrometer and analysed using a computer. Comparably, ME-XRT is a sensor-based sorting technique involving the planar projection of X-ray attenuation of a particle stream, distributed on a fast conveyor belt, where they are scanned and evaluated while passing and an image is recorded by a line scan detector. Eleven rock samples were analysed in this study. They include four rock type samples: granite, basalt, sandstone, and gneiss, all obtained from Luleå University of Technology (LTU) sample storage and seven ore type samples which include a porphyry Cu sulphide ore, a porphyry Cu oxide ore, a porphyry Cu-Au-Ag ore, an apatite iron ore (AIO), an iron-oxide copper gold ore (IOCG), an orogenic gold ore and a volcanogenic massive sulphide ore (VMS). The SEM results give a semi-quantitative elemental composition of the rocks, which may be usedto discriminate mineralisation. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) maps may be used to identifygeological features and secondary electron (SE) images may be used to understand the topography of the rock samples. The SEM has a low penetration depth rate but produces moderate to high accuracy resultsdepending on the settings and calibrations. It requires a lengthy sample preparation, and its analytical time is often too long for routine industrial application. LIBS results also provide rock elemental compositions similar to the SEM, which may be quantitative if the same spectrometer is used for all elements and calibrated against a standard. It also produces element maps similar to the SEM-EDS maps. LIBS analyses yield high accuracy results but at a low penetration depth. There are no standard calibrations for the LIBS measurements, which limits quantification. LIBS measurements do not require any form of sample preparation. ME-XRT analyses result in rock chemical data portraying a light material fraction (aluminium-like) and a heavy material fraction (iron-like) which may be used to distinguish different rock samples based on the closeness of their effective atomic number Zeff to that of aluminium and iron respectively. It’s analysis also produces low-resolution images of the analysed rock samples. The image resolution is too low to allow interpretation of the data in the context of the structures and textures in the rock samples. It has a higher penetration depth than LIBS and SEM-EDS producing more volumetric data but with a lower accuracy in terms of the amount of information obtained. Only two elements are used for ME-XRT calibration measurements, if many elements of varying atomic numbers could be used, it would have the ability to provide a more reliable data. Samples must have a maximum and minimum thickness; thus, sample preparation is required to regulate the rock thickness. SEM and LIBS provide element compositions of minerals and element distribution maps required by geologist in their daily activities during exploration and mining. This information can be considered the most useful obtained from all three techniques. However, LIBS analyses are faster, and its maps are of higher quality even at the same resolution as the SEM-EDS. This makes the LIBS preferable for real time measurements and analyses. Geological activities like drill core logging, mine mapping and sampling for grade control all require fast results for project continuity and LIBS is suitable for this purpose as it can keep up with the pace of these activities. SEM analytical technique provides semi-quantitative data which is more accurate than the LIBS data and thus, preferable for usage in research institutions and universities.ME-XRT can reveal information on the internal structures or different rock sample compositions. This makes it a suitable technique in distinguishing ore from waste material especially in iron ore mining and processing where the iron needs to be separated from the siliceous waste and sorting is also required prior to beneficiation to avoid equipment destruction by abrasive quartz. LIBS and ME-XRT analytical techniques complement each other in terms of analytical capabilities as LIBS has a low penetration depthrate but high accuracy results while the ME-XRT has a high penetration depth rate but low accuracy results. They are both fast scanning techniques that can be used for real time measurements and analyses and if their analytical prowess can be improved, the combination of these two fast analytical techniques may enable us to obtain high quality data and may as well be what is needed by geologists in the future. geological characterization analytical techniques LIBS ME-XRT SEM element maps SEM-EDS secondary electrons rock samples automated ore microscopy SEM-Zeiss Merlin element weight percentages element oxide percentages scanning techniques analytical methods laser induced breakdown spectrometry multi energy x-ray transmission scanning electron microscope carbon coating mineralogical classification element composition rock chemistry rock chemical composition Geochemistry Geokemi Geology Geologi
230	Samband mellan geologiska och bergmekaniska egenskaper i bergmaterial som bärlager till riksväg 51 : Riksväg 51 sträckan Svennevad - Kvarntorpskorset Landeman, Philip January 2018 (has links) This thesis was created to ensure the quality of the rock which would be crushed to base layer construction material, in a road cut at Swedish highway 51, and to find a possible link between the rock's abrasion resistance and its mineralogy. Rock samples were collected, and among other things, several ball mill tests were carried out. The design of the road project was carried out by Loxia Group AB with NCC Group as contractor.A total of 18 rock samples and 2 base layer samples were taken in the area and they were all tested in a ball mill. The results showed that of the 18 rock samples, 2 samples had a ball mill value of less than 16 on the scale, 10 samples had values from 16 to 20, in addition to this, 3 samples had values from 20 to 21 and 3 samples had values in excess of 21 on the Swedish ball mill scale.Of the 3 samples with a ball mill value higher than 21, all contained a larger amount of biotite. Biotite did not appear to the same extent among the samples that ended up further down the ball mill scale. This link was so clear that a conclusion was subsequently drawn from this. The samples taken on the prefabricated base layer both had a ball mill value between 16 and 20. Overall, both the base layer and the rock material passed the Swedish Government’s Transport Administration’s requirements according to "TRVKB 10, Obundna lager". The rock type that was on the south part of the rock cut, adjacent to a deformation zone, had way too poor quality to undergo a ball mill test and therefore there are no values taken from that area.The conclusion of the work is that the rock material overall meets the Swedish Government’s Transport Administration’s requirements for base layer construction materials according to "TRVKB 10 Obundna lager", that a clear link between the proportion of biotite in a rock material and its abrasion resistance exists, and that the broken rock in the south should not be used as construction materials since the rock has insufficient mechanic capacity. geology baselayer layer minerals sweden örebro filipstad daglösen micro-deval Rob Hellingwerf Philip Landeman metamorfos facies roadcut baselayer Berg bergsskolan ltu svennevad kvarntorp kvarntorpskorset geologi mineralogi bärlager lager örebro pålsboda sverige rikväg 51 väg 51 51 sprickzon deformationszon kvalitet trafikverket bergskärning vägskärning kulkvarn kulkvarnsvärde värde microdeval micro-deval mikro-deval kulkvarnstest kulkvarnstester lager obundna lager obundna obundet lager obundet lösa lager nötningsmotstånd petrografi petrografisk analys mineral berggrund bergart bergartstyp bergsmassiv bergskärning vägskärning bergartsprover bergprover borrkärnor mineralogisk sammansättning gnejs granit kvarts kalifältspat plagioklas biotit glimmer muskotvit granat epidot kvartsgång kvartsgångar metamorf metamorfos breccia amfibolit facies trafikverkets föreskrifter svensk standard 3dpdf 3d-pdf drönare undersökningar provtagning 2017 2018 2019 2020 jan jansson philip landeman bergsskolans laboratorium rob hellingwerf loxia group ncc group loxia bergsskolan bergsskolan i filipstad filipstad daglösen Other Engineering and Technologies Annan teknik

Search results