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Showing 41 to 48 of 48 (0.118 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"government procurement"" "subject:"grovernment procurement""
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韓國政府採購廠商停權制度之研究 / Reach of refused to The Korea State Contract李怡芳, Lee,Yi Fang Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣對於韓國法令規定都很陌生，且關於韓國之法律專題論文甚少，故透過本文將韓國政府採購制度及相關法令規定，建構出基礎架構，以利日後有志於韓國法律研究者之參考。本文重點在於韓國政府採購制度之介紹，並深入研究臺、韓二國之政府採購廠商停權制度之異同比較，最後並嘗試對我國停權制度之問題提出修法建議。
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GATS內建議題之研究─以緊急防衛、政府採購、補貼談判為中心陳仁傑, Chen, Jen-Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
世界貿易組織協定之整體架構，其內容涵蓋了關稅暨貿易總協定、修正1947年關稅暨貿易總協定的瞭解書，以及規範貨品貿易、服務貿易，與智慧財產權的多邊貿易協定等。世界貿易組織協定中的附件1B，即是為規範服務貿易所訂之服務貿易總協定（General Agreement on Trade in Services，以下簡稱GATS）。由於服務貿易相關議題的起步與發展相形較晚，因此各國就世界貿易組織協定達成協議時，GATS中許多議題仍不成熟也缺乏共識，難以有具體之處理與規範。但是為了能在日後繼續處理這些未完成的議題，因此，乃在GATS條文中分別規定相關文字，要求會員在WTO成立生效後應繼續這些議題的討論與處理。
GATS中這些要求留待日後處理的內建（built-in）議題，分別規定在第6條第4項（國內規章）、第10條第1項（緊急防衛措施）、第13條第2項（政府採購）、第15條第1項（補貼）、以及第19條（特定承諾之談判）。其中，關於特定承諾談判的要求是屬於漸進式自由化的議題，其餘四項議題則是關於GATS規則之議題。由於GATS各項內建議題均頗為複雜與困難，對GATS整體架構都有一定程度之影響，其發展具有相當之重要性，從而本文期望能針對GATS規則制定的議題進行整理與分析，並在相關資料評估的基礎之上，提供若干之建議以供參考。惟鑑於時間與篇幅的考量，本文將限縮著重在緊急防衛、政府採購以及補貼等三項內建議題的討論上。
由於發展程度與個別國家的考量有所差異，已開發國家以及開發中國家對於此等議題的主張不盡相同，本文嘗試就此三項議題依序以第二章、第三章、第四章分別加以探討，透過整理、瞭解此三項談判的基本發展、重要爭議與相關之討論意見，就此三項談判的相關資料、重要爭議或討論意見予以扼要分析與適當論述，同時在目前的談判進度下，本文嘗試從開發中國家與已開發國家之不同立場為討論之出發點，並以前者立場作為我國之談判基調，並視我國實際情況作出調整，進而提出對此三項議題之評估與分析，以瞭解個別議題目前討論的進展，以及相關主張可能產生之影響。
最後，本文在前述各章的評估與分析的基礎之上，在第五章分別就此三項議題提出本文之建議，期望能提供相關研究人員以及有關當局作為參考。 / This thesis focuses on the three ongoing issues of the GATS built–in agenda - the negotiations on emergency safeguard measures, government procurement, and subsidies. These three issues were too complicated to be dealt with properly in the Uruguay Round, so the issues left were regulated in Articles X, XIII and XV of GATS, which mandates members to resolve the issues in the future.
Because each country’s developments and considerations are widely different from one another, developed and developing countries did not achieve consensus on these issues. This thesis attempts to introduce and analyze the different discussions and opinions on these three issues.
Besides the introductory Chapter, the thesis consists of another four parts. Chapter 2 first introduces and clarifies controversial issues on emergency safeguard measures, and then analyzes the three main proposals about ESM (emergency safeguard mechanism) and estimates the most recent status of the issue.
Chapter 3 deals with government procurement under the GATS. After reviewing the history of the negotiation, attention is paid to the proposal from the European Community (hereafter “the EC”). Because the proposal involved with a fierce debate over market access, the EC proposal on a framework for rules for government procurement of services could not be accepted by most developing countries. Therefore, the issue has made little progress in the past years. Chapter 3 concludes with some commentaries on the issue.
Chapter 4 turns attention to subsidies in services. Article XV of GATS mandates members to enter into negotiations with a view to develop multilateral disciplines which would avoid the distortive effects that subsidies in services may have on trade in services. The negotiation on subsidies in services, however, involves many important issues, such as the necessity to regulate subsidies in services, the definition of subsidies in services, elements of rules, etc. Although members made efforts to address these questions, nothing concrete has been achieved. The last chapter consists of conclusions and recommendations.
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Повышение эффективности осуществления государственных закупок в бюджетных учреждениях на основе применения инструментария функционально-стоимостного анализа : магистерская диссертация / Improved efficiency of public procurement in budgetary institutions through the use of cost-analysis toolsСамедова, А. С., Samedova, A. S. January 2021 (has links)
В настоящее время государственные закупки помогают в удовлетворении нужд государства и его субъектов, представляют собой ключевой механизм, обеспечивающий и отражающий качество реализации отношений между государством, бизнесом и обществом. Целью магистерской диссертации является совершенствование методического обеспечения обоснования государственной закупки, осуществляемой бюджетной организацией, с применением инструментария функционально-стоимостного анализа. Работа ориентирована на решение вопроса связанного с тем, что описание объектов закупки формируется до анализа затрат на варианты его комплектации. В качестве источников использовалась научно-исследовательская и методическая литература, статистические данные макроуровня и микроуровня, данные учета и отчетности организаций, нормативные документы. В магистерской диссертации был предложен методический подход к обоснованию государственной закупки, осуществляемой бюджетной организацией, основанный на применении инструментария функционально-стоимостного анализа, исследовании экономической полезности функций объекта закупки и выборе оптимального уровня осуществления этих функций. / At present, public procurement is helping to meet the needs of the State and its stakeholders and is a key mechanism for ensuring and reflecting the quality of the implementation of relations between the State, business and society. The purpose of the master’s thesis is is to improve the methodological support for public procurement carried out by the budget organization, using functional-cost analysis tools. The work addresses the issue of the fact that the description of the items to be purchased is prepared before the cost analysis of the options for procurement. The sources used were research and methodological literature, macro- and micro-level statistics, accounting and reporting data of organizations, and normative documents. The master’s thesis proposed a methodological approach to the justification of public procurement carried out by a budget organization, based on the application of functional toolsA cost analysis, a study of the economic utility of the functions of the subject matter of procurement and the selection of the optimal level of performance of those functions.
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政府採購法減價收受制度之研究 / The study of the acceptance with price-reduction of the government procurement act許增如, Hsu, Tseng-Ju Unknown Date (has links)
摘要
政府採購法72條第2項減價收受規定，可說是機關處理驗收之例外規定，關係機關採購後續使用情形及廠商權益甚鉅。本文以工程採購為研究對象，以工程採購著眼於工作之完成，來探討採購法驗收之法律效果，以釐清減價收受之效力。
依採購法72條第2項規定，明定減價收受之要件，包括驗收結果與規定不符、不妨礙安全及使用需求、通常效用或契約預定效用，經機關檢討不必拆換或拆換卻有困難、得於必要時，機關得採減價收受，因此機關驗收時，發現與規定不符，仍須滿足前開之要件，方得採減價收受，否則應依採購法72條第1項規定，請廠商限期改善。
從民法概念來看，減價收受無所謂過失責任，基本上肇因於廠商債務不履行，債務不履行可分為給付不能或不完全給付，二者區分實益在於給付是否可能，亦關係機關評估是否辦理減價收受及後續損害賠償問題。此外，減價收受亦關係工程承攬契約之瑕疵擔保責任與保固責任，以及減價收受之額度與違約金等相關問題。本論文希望藉由理論探討，及法院判決、調解建議及仲裁等相關實務案例，以釐清減價收受所遭遇之相關問題。 / The acceptance with price-reduction under Article 72, paragraph 2 of the “Government Procurement Act”, could be said an exceptional part of the inspection and acceptance under the Act. It is regulated to the interests and duties between the two parties of governmental purchasement. This study intentioally analyzes the “construction work”, which is used to focus on the completeness of definit work and to cope with the contract requirements. When it happens to be accepted with price reduction, what is the reason and what will be going on?
According to the Article 72, paragraph 2 of the “Government Procurement Act”, where the result of inspection indicates any non-conformity with the contractual requirements, but the non-conformity neither hinders the safety or use required nor decreases the general function or the function designated by the contract, an acceptance with price-reduction may be conducted under conditions that the entity has determined that there is no need or it is difficult to make replacement. Otherwise, the entity should require the suppliers make improvement within a time-limit according to the paragraph 1 of Article 72.
Based on the concepts of the Civil Code, the acceptance with the price-reduction does not depend on responsibility for intentional or gross negligent acts. It is caused by the suppliers’ non-performance, when the performance becomes impossible or imcomplete. The governmental entity will also transfer to claim conpensation for the injury. This issue also involves the obligation of suppliers to repair the defects within the specified period, not only after the inspection and acceptance. The reasonable amount of price-reduction and the penalties are also important to be disscussed. This study wants to clarify all the issues and the effects of the acceptance with price-reduction through the theory discussion and the reviewing of juridical cases, mediations and arbitrations.
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從正當行政程序論民間參與公共建設甄審與爭議處理 / A study on Evaluation and Dispute of the Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects from Due Administrative Process蔡志明 Unknown Date (has links)
司法院釋字第520號解釋於理由書指出：「基於法治國原則，縱令實質正當亦不可取代程序合法」，即一語道出程序正義之重要性。
民間參與公共建設具專業性、複雜性及高風險性、隔代性、利益衝突等特性，在政府與民間合作理念的推動下，法律規定模式已呈現由「條件式」的模式轉向「目的式」模式，致使政府合作對象的甄審（選）成為一種高度專業趨向之判斷，並且可能陷於「決策於未知之中」的困境。民間參與公共建設的推動上，除技術層面之實體審查標準外，實應認真思考面對決策的程序問題，藉由程序之提升，用以補足實體規範的不足。據此，有關引進民間參與公共建設之法規，甄審程序選出的最佳締約對象、最優申請案件或最優申請人「是否即屬適當」，應思考甄審（或評選）程序與組織設計，是否妥適。
本文擬由正當法律程序於美國及日本之發展出發，藉以了解其規範基礎與發展情形，並分析我國司法實務有關正當法律程序原則之解釋，理解我國對於正當法律程序之內涵與要求。其後聚焦行政實務上經常引用作為民間參與公共建設案件辦理依據之獎參條例、採購法及促參法，就其甄審、評選或評審程序與爭議處理程序檢視正當法律程序實踐情形。
本於基本權保障意旨及法律承認權利之保障，基本上本文認同至少應有一最低限度之保障（即聽證權）。至於其他要求為何？本於民間參與公共建設之興建或營運，涉及政府有限資源之分配及申請人(營業自由、契約自由)與使用者（生命、身體、財產）之基本權保障相關，應可由司法院釋字第384號解釋及釋字第709號解釋推導出「組織」要求，而其他如公正作為(迴避、禁止程序外接觸)、受告知權、說明理由及資訊公開，亦正是落實組織適法與聽證權，所不可或缺之要素。
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Política de compras e contratações: trajetória e mudanças na administração pública federal brasileiraFernandes, Ciro Campos Christo 26 April 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / The thesis analyses political change in public procurement policy of Brazilian federal administration describing in a systematic way the six cases in which legal rules and procedures suffered substantial changes affecting general laws or statutes: the centralization of purchases in Vargas period, in two decisive moments (1931 and 1940); the revision of rules for bidding by Decree-law 200, in the context of president Castello Branco administrative reform; the enactment of a statute for biddings (Decree-law 2.300 ) in José Sarney government; the congressional approval of a general bidding law directed to fight corruption and collusion in public contracts (Law 8.666, of 1993 ); the frustrated attempt of a new bidding law aligned with the managerial public management reform of Fernando Henrique Cardoso government and the creation of reverse auction (pregão) as a new modality for bids, in 2000. The research focuses the political process of problem formulation, specification of solutions and decision-making, applying John Kingdon`s model to unfold the flows of political process, problems and solutions in each specific historical context. The six cases are described and compared by means of structured narratives and their analysis is supported on theoretical model categories to elucidate how the process of change is developed and which are the relevant actors, ideas, models and political events that explain their circumstances and result. / A tese analisa as mudanças da política de compras e contratações da administração pública federal brasileira descrevendo de forma sistemática os seis casos nos quais as regras e procedimentos sofrem alteração substancial, na forma de leis gerais ou estatutos: a centralização das compras no período Vargas, em dois momentos decisivos (1931 e 1940); a revisão das regras de licitação pelo Decreto-lei n. 200, no contexto da reforma administrativa do governo Castello Branco; a edição de um estatuto das licitações (o Decreto-lei n 2.300) no governo Sarney; a aprovação no Legislativo de uma lei de licitações voltada para o combate à corrupção e ao direcionamento dos contratos públicos (Lei 8.666); a tentativa frustrada de uma nova lei alinhada com a reforma gerencial do primeiro governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso e a criação do pregão como nova modalidade de licitação, em 2000. A pesquisa focaliza o processo político de formulação dos problemas, especificação de soluções e tomada de decisão, com base no modelo de John Kingdon, desdobrando a análise em fluxos do processo político, dos problemas emergentes e das soluções, em cada contexto histórico específico. Os seis casos são descritos por meio de narrativas estruturadas e comparados a partir das categorias do modelo teórico para elucidar como se desenvolveu o processo de mudança, quais os atores relevantes, idéias, modelos e eventos políticos que explicam suas circunstâncias e resultado.
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Three Essays on the Consequences of TransparencyWitter, Tobias 01 September 2023 (has links)
This dissertation comprises three essays which empirically investigate consequences of transparency. The first essay investigates how transparency, demanded by the government as a customer of firms, affects firms’ financial reporting. It provides evidence that, relative to firms without government customers, government suppliers have a higher quality of financial reporting. Findings indicate that government procurement requirements, which are linked to internal control over financial reporting, can positively affect the external information environment of firms. The second essay examines how managers react to a stricter transparency mandate in pension accounting, if this mandate increases the expected volatility of balance sheet items. Managers of affected firms change decisions on pension plans which mitigate volatility and in addition, affected firms exhibit less volatile accruals but more volatile discretionary real actions suggesting managers reduce volatility in balance sheets. Findings imply that a transparency mandate in pension accounting may have (unintended) consequences for managerial decision-making if the mandate reveals more economic volatility on balance sheets. The third essay studies how (data-transparently) researchers visualize their quantitative findings and how this affects the impact of academic work. It finds that, compared to articles in field-specific economics journals, articles in economics journals with a broader audience use more figures than tables and that articles visualizing (data-transparently) with figures receive more citations. An online experiment, which manipulates how a fictive study visualizes scientific results, finds that participants assess the internal validity of research as being higher and are more willing to cite research if it visualizes results data-transparently. The findings imply that (data-transparent) visualization can enhance the impact of academic work. / Die Dissertation besteht aus drei Aufsätzen, die die Auswirkungen von Transparenz untersuchen. Im ersten Aufsatz wird analysiert, wie sich die von einer Regierung im Rahmen der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe geforderte Unternehmenstransparenz auf die Finanzberichterstattung von Unternehmen auswirkt. Lieferanten der Regierung weisen eine höhere Qualität der Finanzberichterstattung auf als Vergleichsunternehmen. Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht, wie Manager auf strengere Transparenzanforderungen in der Pensionsbilanzierung reagieren, wenn diese die Bilanzvolatilität erhöhen. Die Manager nehmen Bilanzanpassungen vor, die die Volatilität reduzieren, was auf eine beabsichtigte Bilanzglättung hindeutet. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Visualisierung von quantitativen Forschungsergebnissen in wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften und dem Einfluss akademischer Forschung. Economics-Journals verwenden mehr Abbildungen als Business-Journals, was Zitationen zu fördern scheint. Experimentelle Evidenz zeigt weiterhin, dass datentransparente Visualisierungen den Einfluss akademischer Forschung positiv beeinflussen können, dass dies aber auch stark disziplinabhängig ist.
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De grundläggande rättsprinciperna vid direktupphandling : HFD 2018 ref. 60 och EU-rätten / The General Principles of Swedish Direct Awards : HFD 2018 ref. 60 and EU LawLignell, Elias January 2022 (has links)
This thesis examines the general principles in European Union (EU) public procurement law, as they apply to Swedish direct awards of low value, outside the scope of the EU procurement directives. A combination of Swedish and EU legal methodology is used to investigate two overarching themes. Firstly, the two different legal bases of the general principles, in the light of the Court of Justice of the EU’s definition of cross-border interest, as well as the Swedish implementation. Secondly, the central substantive consequences imposed by the principles on direct awards. The only national precedent on the subject, HFD 2018 ref. 60 of the Supreme Administrative Court, is both utilised and criticised against the backdrop of EU law to paint a picture of the principles’ inner workings in a direct award context. Pertaining to the first theme, an analysis of the applicability of EU primary law on direct awards is undertaken in order to distinguish the legal bases of the principles. If a contract is of certain cross-border interest, the general principles flow directly from EU law. In the absence of such an interest, the principles are exclusively based in Swedish law, which nationally extends the EU principles to all procurement (gold-plating). Overall, contracts valued below a quarter of the applicable EU directive threshold usually lack certain cross-border interest, unless there are concrete indications of the opposite. As a result, most direct awards fall outside the scope of EU law. An awareness of the legal bases of the principles is relevant to avoid breaches of EU primary law. It is argued that the Swedish gold-plated implementation of the general principles causes unnecessary uncertainty, and that separate national principles should be introduced outside the scope of EU primary law. As for the second theme, a thorough analysis concludes that the principles do not prohibit direct awards given without any exposure to competition, as long as the contracts are of low enough value. Direct awards can therefore be conducted through direct contact with a single supplier, in accordance with the legislative aims of the procedure. This may not be the case for social and other specific services of relatively high value. Nonetheless, the principles still affect direct awards, for instance in prohibiting flagrant cases of differential treatment without objective justification, based in arbitrary or corrupt decision-making. Unfortunately, these requirements are able to be circumvented due to the wide discretion given to procuring entities. On the other hand, if a direct award procedure is voluntarily advertised, the principles have greater practical significance. Still, the requirements in such cases are more lenient than in ordinary procurement procedures.
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