Un nouveau cadre théorique pour concevoir le processus de production du savoir dans la pratique infirmière s’avère nécessaire pour tenir compte du processus sur les plans individuel et collectif et de l’influence du contexte dans cette production. Pour cette démarche, c’est la théorie de la réflexivité de Giddens qui nous a semblé être la plus pertinente pour guider la présente étude qui visait à décrire et à comprendre le processus de production du savoir dans la pratique infirmière au moyen de la réflexivité. Plus concrètement, l’étude s’est intéressée à découvrir les conditions et dynamiques des contextes institutionnel, pratique et professionnel qui peuvent influencer le processus de production du savoir dans la pratique infirmière ainsi qu’identifier les étapes de ce processus. Le constructivisme projectif fut le paradigme qui a guidé l’étude. Le devis de recherche ce fut l’analyse secondaire de données qualitatives. Le contexte de l’étude était une unité de soins intensifs d’un hôpital général et universitaire à Barcelone. La collecte de données avait été réalisée à l’aide de l’observation systématique, de six entrevues structurées, de sept réunions de groupe et d’une analyse documentaire. L’analyse des données a été effectuée selon des critères provenant de l’approche mixte de Miles et Huberman, du processus d’analyse des données qualitatives de Morse ainsi que des recommandations faites par des auteurs clés par rapport à l’analyse secondaire. Les critères de rigueur ont été utilisés et les aspects éthiques ont été assurés. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent que les conditions et dynamiques des contextes institutionnel, pratique et professionnel influencent profondément l’action infirmière et le développement du savoir. Ces conditions et dynamiques sont intériorisées dans la vie professionnelle des infirmières et constituent des façons «normales» d’aborder la pratique. Toutefois, bien qu’il existe une acceptation du statu quo, les sentiments contradictoires et la souffrance ressortent facilement. Ces conditions et dynamiques provoquent chez les infirmières une incapacité à agir de façon juste, éthique et responsable ainsi qu’une limitation face à l’exploration de nouvelles possibilités, formulations et manifestations de pratique. Les résultats mettent également en évidence les étapes du processus de production du savoir au moyen de quatre grands thèmes: la reconnaissance de la réflexivité quotidienne, l’examen systématique des pratiques, la construction d’un nouveau savoir et la reconstruction émancipatrice du savoir. Finalement, cette thèse met en relief l’importance de la théorie de Giddens pour l’étude de la production du savoir et de la relation entre l’infirmière et le contexte ainsi que l’utilisation du devis d’analyse secondaire des données qualitatives pour la discipline infirmière. / A new theoretical framework for designing the process of knowledge production within nursing practice is necessary to take into account the individual and the collective process of knowledge production as well as the influence of the context on this production. The theory of reflexivity of Giddens seems to be most relevant. This study aimed to describe and understand the process of knowledge production within nursing practice through reflexivity. More specifically, it was important to uncover the conditions and dynamics of the institutional, professional and practice context which influence the process of knowledge production within nursing practice and to identify the steps of this process. Projective constructivism was the paradigm that has guided the study. The research design was a secondary analysis of qualitative data. The study context was a critical care unit of a general and university hospital in Barcelona. Data were collected through systematic observation, six structured interviews, seven focus groups, and documents analysis. Data were analysed according to the mixed approach of Miles and Huberman, the qualitative analysis of Morse, and recommendations from various authors on secondary analysis. The rigor criteria were used and the ethical aspects were covered. The study results suggest that the conditions and dynamics of institutional, practical and professional contexts impact profoundly the nursing action and knowledge production. These conditions and dynamics are internalized in the working lives of nurses and provide “normal” ways of nursing practice. However, although there is an acceptance of the status quo, the conflicting feelings and suffering emerge easily. These conditions and dynamics cause incapacity among nurses to act fairly, ethically and responsibly and limit their exploration of new possibilities, formulations and demonstrations of practice. The results propose also the stages of knowledge production through four major themes: the recognition of daily reflexivity, systematic review of practices, the construction of new knowledge and the re-construction of emancipatory knowledge. Finally, this thesis suggests the importance of Giddens' theory for the study of knowledge production and the relationship between the nurse and the context, as well as the use of secondary analysis of qualitative data for the nursing discipline.

En réadaptation en déficience physique, les intervenantes psychosociales utilisent plusieurs types de savoirs, mais la relation entre ceux-ci est peu étudiée. Ce projet regarde quelle place ces intervenantes accordent à différents types de savoirs dans leurs pratiques. Nous distinguons savoirs théoriques, produits scientifiquement, savoirs pratiques, produits par l’action et l’expérience, et savoirs existentiels, englobant croyances et valeurs. Les données recueillies qualitativement par huit entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’intervenantes psychosociales en réadaptation ont été codifiées et analysées horizontalement et verticalement. Ceci démontre que tous les savoirs ont une place dans l’intervention et qu’ils devraient être égaux et complémentaires. Ils remplissent des fonctions influençant divers aspects de l’intervention ou s’adressant à différents acteurs, à différents moments de l’intervention. Ce projet a permis de construire des savoirs pratiques et des savoirs théoriques qui ont des retombées sur la pratique et la recherche, mais laissent plusieurs points en suspens à reprendre ultérieurement. / Social workers practicing in the physical rehabilitation field work with different types of knowledge, but only a few studies looked into the relationship between them. The present research project aims at understanding the place these social workers allow different types of knowledge in their practice. We distinguish theoretical knowledge, produced scientifically, practice knowledge, built from action and experience, and existential knowledge, like beliefs and values. The information collected qualitatively from eight semi-directed interviews with these social workers was codified and analyzed horizontally and vertically. This demonstrates that all types of knowledge have a place in practice and are equal and complementary. They fulfill different functions either addressed to specific actors, and moments in intervention, or to many of them at once. This project produced both practical and theoretical knowledge that have an impact on practice and research, but that leave some unresolved questions to get back to in the future.

This study investigates two central research problems. These are: What are the healing practices of Aeta women? What are the implications of the healing practices of Aeta women in the academic discourse? This inquiry is important for the following reasons: (a) it focuses a reconsidered gaze and empirical lens on the healing practices of Aeta women healers as well as the lessons, insights and perspectives which may have been previously missed; (b) my research attempts not to be 'neutral' but instead be an exercise in participatory action research and as such hopefully brings a new space of decolonization by documenting Aeta women healers’ contributions in the political and academic arena; and (c) it is an original contribution to postcolonial, anti-colonial and Indigenous feminist theories particularly through its demonstration the utility of these theories in understanding the health of Indigenous peoples and global health. There are 12 Aeta women healers who participated in the Talking Circle. This study is significant in grounding both the theory and the methodology while comparatively evaluating claims calibrated against the benchmark of the actual narratives of Aeta women healers. These evaluations subsequently categorized my findings into three themes: namely, identity, agency and representation. This work is also important in illustrating the Indigenous communities’ commonalities on resistance, accommodation, evolution and devolution of social institutions and leadership through empirical example. The work also sheds light on how the members of our Circle and their communities’ experiences with outsider intrusion and imposed changes intentionally structured to dominate them as Indigenous people altered our participants and their communities. Though the reactions of the Aeta were and are unique in this adaptive process they join a growing comparative scholarly discussion on how contexts for colonization were the same or different. This thesis therefore joins a growing comparative educational literature on the contextual variations among global experiences with colonization. This is important since Indigenous Peoples' experiences are almost always portrayed as unique or “exotic”. I can now understand through comparison that many of the processes from military to pedagogical impositions bore striking similarities across various colonial, geographical and cultural locations.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_e_dr_mar.pdf: 17286924 bytes, checksum: b68a5c7e5ee42709df2da8838dd34788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Considerando que a geração de inovação é fator primordial para o desenvolvimento econômico e social das nações, que o conhecimento é recurso fundamental para a geração de inovação; e que a universidade é um importante agente produtor de conhecimento no âmbito dos Sistemas de Inovação, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral investigar as políticas públicas, as políticas institucionais de universidades selecionadas e os indicadores de inovação no Brasil e na Espanha no que tange à produção e compartilhamento de conhecimento científico. Parte-se da hipótese que a consolidação eficaz de um Sistema Nacionais de Inovação depende da sistematização de políticas para a inovação que não se restrinjam aos programas de incentivo fiscal e ajudas financeiras, mas, além disso, tenham como foco todos os diferentes agentes do Sistema Nacional de Inovação, e em especial a atuação integrada entre eles com foco na produção e no compartilhamento de conhecimento. Diante do exposto, busca-se responder às seguintes questões centrais: As políticas públicas de inovação nos países selecionados se pautam na abordagem sistêmica da inovação e, por consequência enfocam o compartilhamento de conhecimento entre os diferentes agentes do Sistema Nacional de Inovação? A participação das universidades públicas no âmbito de sistemas de inovação como agentes de execução atuantes na produção de conhecimento pode ser melhor explorada? O papel da universidade pública de produtora e socializadora de conhecimento está devidamente incorporado nas políticas públicas e indicadores de inovação? Nessa perspectiva, delineouse uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, composta por pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental, que subsidiou o estudo comparativo entre as políticas e indicadores de inovação brasileiros e espanhóis que compuseram o universo de pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados coletados no universo pesquisado aplicou-se o método de pesquisa ‘Análise de Conteúdo’, mais especificamente a técnica ‘Análise Categorial’, cujas categorias foram definidas a posteriori. As categorias de análise estabelecidas buscaram abranger e percorrer o caminho do conhecimento produzido na universidade nos contextos dos Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação do Brasil e Espanha. Como resultado, a pesquisa verificou que os Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação dos países analisados se dedicam a consolidar uma cultura de inovação com foco no conhecimento, estão alinhados com a abordagem sistêmica da inovação, que preconiza a ação integrada entre os agentes do Sistema Nacionais de Inovação, e vislumbram a universidade como um importante agente produtor de conhecimento no âmbito do Sistema Nacionais de Inovação dos respectivos países. No entanto, as etapas que sucedem à produção e comunicação do conhecimento científico são negligenciadas. Porquanto se faz necessário que as políticas e indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação se ocupem também de processos para a sistematização, fluxos, apropriação e aplicação do conhecimento produzido pelas universidades no âmbito dos Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação. / Considering that the generation of innovation is a fundamental factor for the economic and social development of nations, that knowledge is a fundamental resource for the generation of innovation; and that the university is an important agent producing knowledge in the scope of Innovation Systems, the present research has the general objective to investigate the public policies, the institutional policies of selected universities and the innovation indicators in Brazil and in Spain regarding the production and sharing of scientific knowledge. The hypothesis is that the effective consolidation of a National Innovation System depends on the systematization of innovation policies that are not restricted to fiscal and financial incentive programs, but also focus on all the different agents of the National Innovation System, and in particular the integrated action between them with focus on the production and the sharing of knowledge. In view of the above, it is sought to answer the following central questions: Do public innovation policies in the selected countries focus on the systemic approach to innovation and, as a consequence, focus on the sharing of knowledge among the different agents of the National Innovation System? Is the participation of public universities in Innovation Systems as acting agents acting in the production of knowledge better exploited? Does the role of the pubic university of production and socialization of knowledge be properly incorporated into public policies and indicators of innovation? From this perspective, a research of a qualitative nature, composed by the bibliographical and documentary research was developed, which subsidized the comparative study between the Brazilian and Spanish innovation policies that made up the research universe. For the analysis of the data collected in the universe researched, the 'Content Analysis' research method was applied, more specifically the 'Categorical Analysis' technique, whose categories were defined a posteriori. The categories of analysis established sought to cover and follow the path of knowledge produced in university in the contexts of the National Systems of Innovation of Brazil and Spain. As a result, the research verified that the National Innovation Systems of the analyzed countries are dedicated to consolidating a culture of innovation with focus on knowledge, are aligned with the systemic approach of innovation, which advocates the integrated action among the agents of the National Innovation System, and considers the university an important agent of knowledge production within the scope of the National Innovation System of the respective countries. However, the steps that follow the production and communication of scientific knowledge are neglected. Because it is necessary that the policies and indicators of Science, Technology and Innovation are also concerned with processes for the systematization, flows, appropriation and application of the knowledge produced by universities within the scope of National Innovation Systems. / Considerando que la generación de innovación es un factor primordial para el desarrollo económico y social de las naciones, que el conocimiento es un recurso fundamental para la generación de innovación; y que la universidad es un importante agente productor de conocimiento en el ámbito de los Sistemas de Innovación, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo general investigar las políticas públicas, las políticas institucionales de universidades seleccionadas y los indicadores de innovación en Brasil y España en lo que atañe la producción y el intercambio de conocimiento científico. Se parte de la hipótesis que la consolidación eficaz de un sistema nacional de innovación depende de la sistematización de políticas para la innovación que no se restrinjan a los programas de incentivo fiscal y ayudas financieras sino que se centren en todos los diferentes agentes del Sistema Nacional de Innovación, y en especial la actuación integrada entre ellos con foco en la producción y en el intercambio de conocimiento. En cuanto a lo anterior, se busca responder a las siguientes cuestiones centrales: ¿Las políticas públicas de innovación en los países seleccionados se basan en el enfoque sistémico de la innovación y, por consiguiente, enfocan el intercambio de conocimiento entre los diferentes agentes del Sistema Nacional de Innovación? La participación de las universidades públicas en el ámbito de SI como agentes de ejecución actuantes en la producción de conocimiento puede ser mejor explotada? ¿El papel de la universidad pública de productora y socializadora de conocimiento está debidamente incorporado en las políticas públicas e indicadores de innovación? En esa perspectiva, se ha delineado una investigación de naturaleza cualitativa, compuesta por investigación bibliográfica e investigación documental, que subsidió el estudio comparativo entre las políticas e indicadores de innovación brasileños y españoles que compusieron el universo de investigación. Para el análisis de los datos recolectados en el universo investigado se aplicó el método de investigación 'Análisis de Contenido', más específicamente la técnica 'Análisis Categorial', cuyas categorías fueron definidas a posteriori. Las categorías de análisis establecidas buscaron abarcar y recorrer el camino del conocimiento producido en la universidad en los contextos de los Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación de Brasil y España. Como resultado, la investigación verificó que los Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación de los países analizados se dedican a consolidar una cultura de innovación con foco en el conocimiento, están alineados con el enfoque sistémico de la innovación, que preconiza la acción integrada entre los agentes del Sistema Nacional de Innovación y vislumbran a la universidad como un importante agente productor de conocimiento en el ámbito del Sistema Nacional de Innovación de los respectivos países. Sin embargo, las etapas que suceden a la producción y comunicación del conocimiento científico se descuidan. Por lo que se hace necesario que las políticas e indicadores de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación se ocupen también de procesos para la sistematización, flujos, apropiación y aplicación del conocimiento producido por las universidades en el ámbito de los Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación.

Dans l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul, les carrières sont courtes et le taux de renouvellement des ouvriers est élevé. La combinaison entre production flexible et accords de sous-traitance dans un environnement urbain informel amène un nombre croissant d’ouvriers à assumer des fonctions entrepreneuriales équivoques. Ces acteurs sont au cœur de cette thèse de doctorat. Pour maintenir leurs positions ces ouvriers temporaires sont souvent contraints de devenir de petits intermédiaires précaires qui redéfinissent les distinctions entre production et distribution. Basée sur des données empiriques recueillies grâce à un travail de terrain en profondeur à Istanbul, mon travail doctoral questionne sous un angle anthropologique les dynamiques changeantes de l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul à différentes échelles et le rôle des petits entrepreneurs dans la formation de ces dynamiques à travers leurs pratiques et leurs innovations. Alors que les petits entrepreneurs sont essentiels, ils sont rarement irremplaçables. Pour explorer ces questions, cette recherche trace les liens entre les différents débouchés de l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul et examine comment leurs processus de valuation respectifs sont entremêlés. Durant les dernières décennies, dans l’ombre des exports officiels vers l’Europe occidentale, le « commerce à la valise » vers des pays voisins, ainsi que le marché domestique se sont développés. En « joignant les deux bouts », les petits entrepreneurs de l’industrie du vêtement d’Istanbul sont des courroies de transmission entre ces marchés aux échelles transnationale et locale. Les étudier offre de nouvelles perspectives sur les contextes industriels modernes et le fonctionnement des marchés globaux. / In Istanbul’s garment industry, careers are short and worker turnover is high. The combination of flexible production and subcontracting agreements in an informal urban environment propel an increasing number of workers to assume equivocal entrepreneurial functions. These actors are at the core of this dissertation. In order to maintain their positions, irregular workers are often forced to become precariously positioned small brokers who reshuffle the distinctions between production and distribution. Based on empirical material gathered through in-depth fieldwork in Istanbul, my dissertation questions from an anthropological perspective the shifting dynamics of Istanbul’s clothing industry at different scales and the role of small entrepreneurs in shaping these dynamics through their skillful practices and innovations. While small entrepreneurs are essential, they are rarely irreplaceable. In order to explore these issues, this dissertation traces the connections between the various outlets of Istanbul’s garment industry and scrutinizes how their respective valuation processes are intertwined. Over the last decades, in the shadow of official exports to Western Europe, the so-called suitcase trade to neighboring countries as well as the domestic market have flourished. By “making things fit” and “making ends meet,” Istanbul’s small entrepreneurs are conveyor belts between these markets at both the transnational and local scales. Studying them offers new insights into modern industrial settings and the workings of global markets.

No description available.

During the last decades “Climate Change” has become a vital topic on national and international political agendas. There it is presented as an irrevocable fact of global impact and thus of universal relevance. What has often been neglected are local discourses of marginalized groups and their specific contextualization of “Climate Change” phenomena. The aim of this project, to develop another perspective along these dominant narratives, has resulted in the research question How is social reality reconstructed on the phenomenon of “Climate Change” among the “Emerging Black Farmers” in the Swartland region in Western Cape, South Africa? Taken as an example, “Climate Change Knowledge” is reconstructed through a case study on the information exchange between the NGO Goedgedacht Trust and local small-scale farmers in the post-Apartheid context of on-going political, social, economic and educational transition in South Africa. Applying a constructivist approach, “Climate Change Knowledge” is not understood as an objectively given, but a socially constructed “reality” that is based on the interdependency of socio-economic conditions and individual assets, including language skills and language practice, sets of social norms and values, as well as strategies of knowledge transfer. The data set consists of qualitative data sources, such as application forms and interview material, which are triangulated. The rationale of a multi-layered data analysis includes a discursive perspective as well as linguistic and ethical “side perspectives”. Epistemologically, the thesis is guided by assumptions of complexity theory, framing knowledge around “Climate Change” as a fluid, constantly changing system that is shaped by constant intra- and inter-systemic exchange processes, and characterized by non-linearity, self-organization and representation of its constituents. From this point of departure, a theoretical terminology has been developed, which differentiates between symbols, interrelations, contents and content clusters. These elements are located in a system of spatio-temporal orientation and embedded into a broader (socio-economic) context of “historicity”. Content clusters are remodelled with the help of concept maps. Starting from that, a local perspective on “Climate Change” is developed, adding an experiential notion to the global narratives. The thesis concludes that there is no single reality about “Climate Change” and that the farmers’ “Climate Change Knowledge” highly depends on experiential relativity and spatio-temporal immediacy. Furthermore, analysis has shown that the system’s historicity and social manifestations can be traced in the scope and emphasis of the content clusters discussed. Finally the thesis demonstrates that characteristics of symbols, interconnections and contents range between dichotomies of direct and indirect, predictable versus unpredictable, awareness and negligence or threat and danger, all coexisting and creating a continuum of knowledge production.

Government policies on subsidising higher education institutions may have a direct impact on the behaviour of researchers and managers respectively. Therefore, this thesis looks for clues on how higher education institutions respond to the government funding policies, with special reference to the New Funding Framework (NFF) introduced in South Africa in 2001. The funding framework specified that research funding would be determined only on the basis of research output. The NFF puts emphasis on the number of publications produced by higher education institutions per annum to determine their subsidy amounts. Governments use quantitative formulas to allocate research funds to higher education institutions based on their production of output. The current South African funding framework is arguably consistent with some international suggestions of the role that government funding can play in the implementation of national higher policies. This thesis uses higher education research output as a measure of knowledge production. As such, the thesis was set out to determine the effects that the research subsidy component of the NFF might have had on South African public higher education institutions‟ knowledge production between 2001 and 2006. The thesis argues that the subsidy component of the NFF has had positive effects on the knowledge production of South African public higher education institutions (HEIs). An empirical analysis of the output trends of South African HEIs for the period under review has shown a steady increase, more especially from 2003. The thesis attributes the new trend in higher education research output to the successful implementation of the NFF. It is thus concluded that considering the output trends of the period under review, the implementation of the NFF is yielding positive effects towards achieving its intended goal of increasing research output of South African public HEIs. / Public Administration / D. Admin. (Public Administration)

Government policies on subsidising higher education institutions may have a direct impact on the behaviour of researchers and managers respectively. Therefore, this thesis looks for clues on how higher education institutions respond to the government funding policies, with special reference to the New Funding Framework (NFF) introduced in South Africa in 2001. The funding framework specified that research funding would be determined only on the basis of research output. The NFF puts emphasis on the number of publications produced by higher education institutions per annum to determine their subsidy amounts. Governments use quantitative formulas to allocate research funds to higher education institutions based on their production of output. The current South African funding framework is arguably consistent with some international suggestions of the role that government funding can play in the implementation of national higher policies. This thesis uses higher education research output as a measure of knowledge production. As such, the thesis was set out to determine the effects that the research subsidy component of the NFF might have had on South African public higher education institutions‟ knowledge production between 2001 and 2006. The thesis argues that the subsidy component of the NFF has had positive effects on the knowledge production of South African public higher education institutions (HEIs). An empirical analysis of the output trends of South African HEIs for the period under review has shown a steady increase, more especially from 2003. The thesis attributes the new trend in higher education research output to the successful implementation of the NFF. It is thus concluded that considering the output trends of the period under review, the implementation of the NFF is yielding positive effects towards achieving its intended goal of increasing research output of South African public HEIs. / Public Administration and Management / D. Admin. (Public Administration)

Detta projekt söker efter vägledande principer för en kunskapsproduktion kring fetischistisk sexualitet. Detta har utförts genom diskursanalytiska och genealogiska studier av hur fetischism konstrueras i olika sociokulturella sammanhang. Analysen indikerar att fetischistisk sexualitet existerar i en marginaliserad position i ett maktrelationellt landskap, där yttre grupper har olika incitament till att återge fetischism på bristfälliga, sexualiserande och andrafierande sätt. Detta medför olika problem vad gäller kunskapsproduktionen kring fetischistisk sexualitet och kan antas bidra till upprätthållandet av nuvarande sexualnormer. För att minimera dessa kunskapsproduktionsproblem föreslås åtta vägledande principer: En ansvarstagande kunskapsproduktion som utgår från subjektet; medvetenhet om stereotyper och om patologins kvardröjande ok; användande av icke-andrafierande terminologi; medvetenhet om könsorienteringsnormen; medvetenhet om politiserade begrepp; undvikande av låsning i subkulturell identitetspolitik; en förståelse för den abjektas möjligheter att tala; samt bruk av intrasektionell analys. Dessa principer kan förstås bidra till ett tillgängliggörande av forskningsfältet kring fetischism samt bidra till en allmän förståelse för sexualitet bortom kön. / This project aims to find guiding principles for a knowledge production around fetishism. This has been conducted through discourse analysis and genealogical studies of the construction of fetishism in central contexts. The analysis indicates that fetishism is marginalised in a weave of power relations, where external interests have incitaments to vilify, sexualise and otherise fetishistic sexuality. This is understood to potentially cause various problems when it comes to knowledge production around fetishism. In order to minimise these problems, eight guiding principles are suggested: A knowledge production based in the subject; awareness of lingering pathological notions and stereotypes; usage of non-othering terminology; awareness of the sex/gender orientation norm; awareness of politicised definitions; awareness of subcultural identity politics; an understanding of the abject's ability to speak; and usage of intra-sectional analysis.