O tema da mestiçagem sempre faz remissão à pureza. Sua complexidade deriva do embaralhar das origens que seu fruto configura. Questionar aspectos relacionados a esse tema e às permanências não lineares que ele evoca é o principal foco dos escritos aqui reunidos. Tratase, então, de um olhar perspectivo e genealógico, tal como estabelecido por Foucault, acerca da educação, da alteridade e do Brasil, que tem por alvo ideias que mesclam questões metafísicas e empíricas, como a ascendência e a identidade. Para tanto, dois vetores analíticos foram estabelecidos. O primeiro refere-se à emergência do Brasil como lugar de experiência, definida não como realidade, coisa ou fato que possa ser facilmente objetivada, mas como elemento que se conforma a partir dos discursos de verdade e das práticas concretas que dela emanam. O segundo vetor é o enunciado educar para a diversidade, responsável por relacionar as abordagens acerca da alteridade aos quatro vértices componentes da experiência- Brasil: natureza, raça, miscigenação e cultura. Conforme se defende, esses dois vetores operam a partir de três pares justapostos, que implicam passado/futuro, global/local, civilização/cultura. A apreensão de tal tendência somente foi possível com base na sistemática investigação do arquivo composto para a pesquisa. A fonte privilegiada embora não exclusiva foram as revistas do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, publicadas entre 1839 e 1945. A partir delas e da combinação com diversas outras fontes, foi possível abarcar os enunciados que relacionam o Brasil perante o mundo e o mundo perante o Brasil, com especial destaque para as questões do convívio e das trocas (simbólicas ou comerciais). Diante disso, essas publicações são retomadas ao longo de todo o trabalho, ainda que o espaço de destaque dado a elas seja o primeiro escrito apresentado. Nele, demonstra-se o ensejo do Instituto em dar sentido à história nacional, com o propósito de decidir o lugar dos indígenas e negros na civilização brasileira, resolver os enigmas de seu passado e cultivar um panteão da memória nacional. Essa construção deveria servir para formar um imenso dossiê sobre o Brasil, que conviria a posteriores pesquisadores e daria subsídio à futura instrução pública. O segundo escrito da tese incide sobre os saberes de médicos, antropólogos, filósofos, educadores e pensadores sociais acerca das mestiçagens, nos âmbitos local e global, no passado e na atualidade. Observou-se a reativação, em tempos hodiernos, dos princípios da antropofagia, dos troncos raciais e das mestiçagens, reconfigurados nas atuais diretrizes educativas, que agora incentivam o aprender a conviver na globalização, tanto pelo enaltecimento das misturas culturais quanto pelo incentivo da afirmação identitária. O último escrito relaciona os princípios do reconhecimento, do multiculturalismo e da representação à democracia contemporânea. Nesse regime de verdade que extrapola as funções políticas, a origem e o direito à voz são problematizados a partir de dois mitos fundadores da prática democrática. O primeiro advém da democracia ateniense e o segundo define a chamada democracia racial brasileira. Ambos serão ladeados e contrapostos a partir da ascendência étnica. Ao longo do trabalho, os três escritos relacionam-se a partir da ordenação proposta do arquivo consultado, que faz emergir o Brasil como país do futuro, da convivência e da educação. Sem prescrição ou promessa, a presente pesquisa, busca mapear a emergência de um novo sujeito cosmopolita global, mestiço culturalmente e afirmado numa identidade, que é modelado com base na experiência-Brasil e em suas lições acerca da história e da civilização. / As a theme, crossbreeding always refers to purity. Its complexity derives from the shuffling of origins that is configured by its fruit. Questioning aspects related to this theme and the non-linear permanence it evokes is the main focus of the writings gathered herein. It is, therefore, an angled and genealogical perspective, such as the one established by Foucault, about education, otherness and Brazil, whose target is the ideas that blend together metaphysical and empirical issues, as ascendency and identity. For such, two analytical vectors were called in. The first one is related to the emergence of Brazil as a place of experience, defined not as reality, a thing or fact that may be easily objectified, but as an element that is shaped by the discourses of truth and the tangible practices arising from it. The second vector is the formulation in the phrase educating for diversity, responsible for putting in relation the approaches about otherness involving the four vortices that make up the experience-Brazil: nature, race, crossbreed and culture. As they are advocated, these two vectors operate from three juxtaposed pairs, which allude to past/future, global/local, civilization/culture. Apprehending such tendency was only possible through a systematic investigation of the field built for the research. The privileged source although not exclusively was the journals by the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute, published between 1839 and 1945. Based on those journals and by combining other different sources, it was possible to embrace the formulations that relate Brazil before the world and the world before Brazil, with a special highlight for the issues of conviviality and exchanges (either symbolic or commercial). As a result, these publications are resumed throughout the research, even if the highlight they take is the first writing presented. In it, the Institute´s opportunity to assign some meaning to the national history becomes clear, with the purpose of deciding the place of Indians and Blacks in the Brazilian civilization, of resolving the enigmas of its past and of cultivating a pantheon for the national memory. This construction was intended to give rise to a huge dossier about Brazil, which would be convenient to further researchers and would provide subsidy to the future public instruction. The second writing of this dissertation concerns the knowledge of physicians, anthropologists, philosophers, educators and social thinkers about crossbreeding in the local and global scope, in the past and in the current time. It could be noted that the principles of anthropophagy, of racial stems and of crossbreeding were reactivated at the present day, reconfigured in the current educational guidelines which now encourage the idea of learning how to live together in the globalized world, both by the praise of the cultural blending and by the incentives to ethnic affirmation. The last writing relates the principles of acknowledgement, multiculturalism and representation to contemporary democracy. In the regimen of truth which extrapolates the political functions, the origin and the right to be heard are problematized based on two founding myths of the democratic practice. The first myth comes from the Athenian democracy and the second one defines the so-called Brazilian racial democracy. Both will be flanked and opposed by the ethnic ascendency. Throughout the research, the three writings are intertwined by the sorting proposed to the field being consulted, which makes emerge Brazil as a country of the future, of conviviality and education. Without any prescription or promise, this study seeks to map the emergence of a new global cosmopolitan subject, who is culturally halfbreed and statedin an identity, who is modeled on the basis of the experience-Brazil and in itslessons about history and civilization.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EHPS - Luciane P A de Oliveira.pdf: 3592409 bytes, checksum: a70e5d95acd86f55a7e0640c97e846ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-28 / This is an empirical research that analyzes the possible contributions corporal discipline may give to the formation process carried out in schools. Through a theoretical reflection it indicates that the discipline of body can appear as a potential element during the individuals cultural formation, thus collaborating so they can have access to knowledge that will allow them to think about those aspects that build up society. Nevertheless, it proposes to investigate if this fact is really accomplished during the students school lives. This research was executed by following-up teachers activities, as well as the trajectory of three students along the first part of cycle II of elementary teaching (the former third year of primary school). This study was performed in an Integral Education Center that belongs to Curitiba s municipal school system and the investigation focused on the Portuguese, gymnastics, mathematics, history/geography and arts classes. Data collection was made by means of observation, interviews and student evaluation school documents. The analysis used studies by Michel Foucault, but focused, fundamentally, on the contributions made by some authors of the Critical Theory of Society, especially Herbert Marcuse, Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno. In this sense, this research confirmed the hypothesis that, within school ambit, corporal discipline can be adjusted to performance instrumental interests, as well as to benefit the individuals reflexive formation, once it can help them to collect and communicate knowledge. Finally, there is the conclusion that those contradictions identified around corporal discipline are related to the ambiguities from the formation, itself, realized in this society / Esta pesquisa empírica objetiva analisar as possíveis contribuições da disciplina corporal para o processo formativo realizado na escola. Por intermédio de uma reflexão teórica, indica que a disciplina do corpo pode surgir como um elemento potencial durante a formação cultural do indivíduo, colaborando para que ele tenha acesso a conhecimentos que lhe permitam refletir sobre os aspectos que compõem a sociedade. Todavia, se propõe a investigar se esse fato realmente se efetiva durante a trajetória escolar discente. A pesquisa foi efetuada por meio do acompanhamento da ação docente e do percurso de três alunos, ao longo da 1ª etapa do ciclo II do ensino fundamental (antiga terceira série do primário). O estudo foi realizado em um Centro de Educação Integral pertencente à rede pública municipal de Curitiba e a investigação centrou-se nas aulas de português, educação física, matemática, história/geografia e educação artística. Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizadas observações, entrevistas, bem como documentos escolares de avaliação dos alunos. Para a realização da análise, partiu-se dos estudos de Michel Foucault, mas concentrou-se, fundamentalmente, nas contribuições de alguns autores da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, entre eles Herbert Marcuse, Max Horkheimer e Theodor W. Adorno. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa confirmou a hipótese de que, no âmbito escolar, a disciplina corporal pode tanto estar ajustada aos interesses instrumentais de desempenho, quanto beneficiar a formação reflexiva do indivíduo, uma vez que pode auxiliá-lo na captação e na comunicação dos conhecimentos. Por fim, concluiu que as contradições identificadas em torno da disciplina corporal se relacionam com as ambigüidades da própria formação realizada nessa sociedade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edivaldo Vieira da Silva.pdf: 1691193 bytes, checksum: 1fab88e361680db71f4625b400d2c8f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-18 / In the flux of events that have revolved certainties and truth regimes in the last decades, the thesis The Body in the Transversal of Time: from disciplinary society to society of control or the analytics of a body that falls projects itself in the plane of consistency of the contemporary society to analyze the recent technological innovations, which converge to the development of a new scientific paradigm. This paradigm is based on the strategy of making a force field as Converging Technologies or synergistic convergence NBIC (Nanotechnology, Biogenetics, Information Technology and Cognitive Science) of knowledges that are unified for a common target, i.e., the elementary structures of matter (the atom, the genes, molecules and cells). Technologies are analytically conceived based on Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault s arguments that consider machinic arrangements subject to the capitalist mega-machine or technologies of power and bodies seizure or what remains from them and subjectivities. In the plane of consistency of contemporary society, which presents it self as society of control, this investigation attempts to cartograph, at the same time, places of counter-positions and resistances / No fluxo de acontecimentos que revolveram as certezas e regimes de verdade nas últimas décadas, a tese O Corpo na Transversal do Tempo: da sociedade disciplinar a sociedade de controle ou Da analítica de um corpo que cai se projeta no plano de consistência da sociedade contemporânea para analisar as recentes inovações tecnológicas, que confluem para a organização de um novo paradigma científico, baseado na estratégia de se fazer campo de força como Tecnologias Convergentes ou convergência sinergística NBIC (Nanotecnologia, Biogenética, Tecnologia da Informação e Ciência Cognitiva), dos saberes que se unificam a partir de um alvo comum, as estruturas elementares da matéria (o átomo, os genes, moléculas e células). As tecnologias são apresadas analiticamente a partir das considerações de Gilles Deleuze e Michel Foucault, que as consideram agenciamentos maquínicos sujeitados a megamáquina capitalística ou tecnologias de poder e seqüestro de corpos ou do que resta deles e subjetividades. No plano de consistência da sociedade contemporânea, que se apresenta como sociedade de controle, intenta-se cartografar, ao mesmo tempo, os lugares de contraposicionamentos e resistências

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edivaldo Vieira da Silva.pdf: 1691193 bytes, checksum: 1fab88e361680db71f4625b400d2c8f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-18 / In the flux of events that have revolved certainties and truth regimes in the last decades, the thesis The Body in the Transversal of Time: from disciplinary society to society of control or the analytics of a body that falls projects itself in the plane of consistency of the contemporary society to analyze the recent technological innovations, which converge to the development of a new scientific paradigm. This paradigm is based on the strategy of making a force field as Converging Technologies or synergistic convergence NBIC (Nanotechnology, Biogenetics, Information Technology and Cognitive Science) of knowledges that are unified for a common target, i.e., the elementary structures of matter (the atom, the genes, molecules and cells). Technologies are analytically conceived based on Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault s arguments that consider machinic arrangements subject to the capitalist mega-machine or technologies of power and bodies seizure or what remains from them and subjectivities. In the plane of consistency of contemporary society, which presents it self as society of control, this investigation attempts to cartograph, at the same time, places of counter-positions and resistances / No fluxo de acontecimentos que revolveram as certezas e regimes de verdade nas últimas décadas, a tese O Corpo na Transversal do Tempo: da sociedade disciplinar a sociedade de controle ou Da analítica de um corpo que cai se projeta no plano de consistência da sociedade contemporânea para analisar as recentes inovações tecnológicas, que confluem para a organização de um novo paradigma científico, baseado na estratégia de se fazer campo de força como Tecnologias Convergentes ou convergência sinergística NBIC (Nanotecnologia, Biogenética, Tecnologia da Informação e Ciência Cognitiva), dos saberes que se unificam a partir de um alvo comum, as estruturas elementares da matéria (o átomo, os genes, moléculas e células). As tecnologias são apresadas analiticamente a partir das considerações de Gilles Deleuze e Michel Foucault, que as consideram agenciamentos maquínicos sujeitados a megamáquina capitalística ou tecnologias de poder e seqüestro de corpos ou do que resta deles e subjetividades. No plano de consistência da sociedade contemporânea, que se apresenta como sociedade de controle, intenta-se cartografar, ao mesmo tempo, os lugares de contraposicionamentos e resistências

Dès son origine anglaise au XIXe siècle dans les public schools, le sport répondait à des impératifs stratégiques allant du contrôle des populations étudiantes, jusqu'au projet plus vaste de formation d'une élite conquérante. Dans l'importation en France du sport, Pierre de Coubertin posa des objectifs similaires, désirant réformer une société jugée en crise. Le sport, caractérisé par une liberté encadrée et régulée, se heurta dans ce projet à la gymnastique, autre mode de contrôle des populations en vigueur dans les pratiques corporelles, marqué par le disciplinaire. Surtout, tel que pensé par Coubertin, le caractère du sport est fondamentalement ambivalent, étant à la fois aliénant et émancipateur. Cette ambiguïté se cristallise dans la question de l'égalitarisme. En effet, le sport, fondamentalement aristocratique au sens où il ne profite qu'aux forts physiquement, parvient paradoxalement à se présenter comme une pure méritocratie où le rang de chacun serait uniquement dépendant des efforts fournis, produisant ainsi ordre et travail. Cette représentation méritocratique du sport s'est cependant construite tout au long du XXe siècle, répondant à un progressif oubli de son caractère aristocratique. Toutefois, malgré les évolutions des discours, le fait sportif demeure aristocratique, tant physiologiquement que psychologiquement. Des résistances naissent : celles du sport lui-même, qui ne parvient pas à se réduire au seul mérite ; celles des sportifs, qui élaborent des stratégies qualifiées de délictueuses (triche, dopage, etc.) afin de subvertir l'aristocratie sportive. Des corps utiles, des âmes travailleuses et des caractères soumis sont ainsi produits par cette dialectique du mérite. Le sport exemplifie les valeurs du mérite et tâche d'en imposer la logique, en se constituant comme un dispositif se généralisant peu à peu à tous les champs de la société. / From its British beginning in the XIXth century in the public schools, sport was meant for the strategic imperatives of controlling student populations and at a larger scale for training a dominating elite. Pierre de Coubertin has set similar goals when importing sport in France, wanting to reform a society considered in crisis. Sport, characterized by a framed and regulated freedom, faced gymnastics, the established method of population control by body practice, characterized by discipline. Above all, as thought by Coubertin, the sport characteristic is fundamentally ambivalent, being both alienating and emancipating. This ambiguity crystallize itself in the issue of egalitarianism. Sport, fundamentally aristocratic in the sense that it benefits only to physically strong people, paradoxically succeeds to show itself as a pure meritocracy where ranking is solely dependent of the provided efforts, thus producing order and work. This meritocratic representation of sport has built itself throughout the XXth century, gradually replacing its aristocratic characteristic. However, despite the evolutions of speeches, the sporting fact remains aristocratic, both on physiological and psychological sides. Some resistances arise: those of sport itself, which can not reduce itself to the sole merit; those of the sportsmen, who elaborate strategies described as unlawful (cheating, doping, etc.) in order to subvert the sport aristocracy. Useful bodies, hardworking minds, submissive personalities are thus produced by this dialectic of merit. Sport exemplifies the values of merit and try to compel its logic, by constituting itself as an apparatus which gradually extends to all fields of the society.

<p>In this essay I try to find out how the local political climate in the Swedish Municipal Örebro looks like through the eyes of Michel Foucault. I’ve been focusing on the concept power, knowledge and politic. I’ve been applying the discourse theory on the study and the founder of that theory is Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau, the discoursetheory is a refinement of Foucaults thoughts about discourse. The object of study is the Mayor of Örebro, Staffan Werme and the position connected to that post. I’ve used the method “shadowing”, and I’ve been following the Mayor in every physical room that he appears in for nearly two weeks. The aim is too see which subject-position that the Mayor ascribes to in those different rooms, and also how the concept of power is used.</p>

This paper addresses the question about what role typography plays in the interpretation of a text. From three different handbooks in typography arguments are gathered and categorized in to three categories: roman types, san serif and others. Interviews with people from the graphic design area are also a part of the paper and are accounted for in the discussion part of the paper. Areas of theory are a broad hermeneutic view based on Hans-Georg Gadamers thoughts, which have sub categories such as: Michel Foucault’s theory about discourses, John Swales genre theory and Anders Björkvall’s thoughts on typography and multi-modal texts. The result of the paper is that all typography, even the one often called the invisible typography, is interpreted by the reader who gathers it’s pre-knowledge from genre, history, culture and discourses. This means that typography plays an important role in the interpretation of a text. Key words: typography, interpretation, hermeneutic, Hans- Georg Gadamer, discourse, Michel Foucault, genre analysis, John Swales, Multi- modal, Anders Björkvall, semiotic. / Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om vilken roll typografin spelar för tolkningen av en text. Från tre olika handböcker i typografi samlas argument in och kategoriseras i tre kategorier: antikva, sanserif och övriga. Även intervjuer med personer yrkesverksamma i det grafiska fältet genomförs och redovisas sedan i diskussionen. Teoretisk utgångspunkt hämtas från Hans-Georg Gadamers tankar om hermeneutik, på vilken följande underkategorier av teorier följer: Michel Foucaults diskursteori, John Swales genreteori och Anders Björkvalls tankar om typografi och multimodala texter. Resultatet pekar mot att all typografi, även den som ofta kallas för den osynliga typografin, tolkas av mottagaren som i sin tur samlat sina förkunskaper från genre, historia, kultur och diskurs. Detta innebär att typografi spelar en viktig roll i tolkningen av en text. Nyckelord: typografi, tolkning, hermeneutik, Hans-Georg Gadamer, diskurs, Michel Foucault, genreanalys, Johan Swales, multimodalitet, Anders Björkvall, semiotik.

In this thesis I reframe theories of love-relationships in late modernity (by Anthony Giddens, Zygmunt Bauman and Ulrich Beck &amp; Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim) in relation to a general framework of discursive theory (inspired by Michel Foucault). I suggest that current developments and contradictions in the field of love-relationships with advantage can be understood in terms of discourse and discursive conflict. Utilizing the discursive framework, I conceptualize two conflicting discursive regimes (as romantic love and individualized freedom), and their components. With these components in mind, I explore how contradicting discursive components are problematized in established risk-discourse, using cases of popular culture as illustrative reference. Risk-discourses force short-term practical solutions, and put pressure on further discursive change by inducing anxiety and cognitive dissonance. Future discourse will have to adapt to several conditions, including the (in)compatibility of discursive components, how well practical strategies work out, how social interaction is organized, and how discursive deconstruction unavoidably have consequences for the fundaments of love itself. / I uppsatsen omtolkar jag senmodernitetsteorier om kärleksrelationer (av Anthony Giddens, Zygmunt Bauman och Ulrich Beck &amp; Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim) till ett generellt diskurs­teoretiskt ramverk (inspirerat av Michel Foucualt). Uppsatsen redogör för hur samtida utvecklingar och motsättningar inom fältet kärleksrelationer med fördel kan förstås i diskursteoretiska termer. Med hjälp av detta ramverk utvecklar jag två diskursiva regimer och deras respektive komponenter (konceptualiserade som romantisk kärlek och individualiserad frihet). Med dessa komponenter i åtanke granskar jag hur konflikterande komponenter problematiseras genom etablerade riskdiskurser, med fallstudier av populärkultur som illustrativa exempel. Jag menar att att dessa riskdiskurser driver fram kortsiktiga praktiska lösningar, och orsakar ångest och kognitiv dissonans vilka motiverar ytterligare diskursiva förändringar. Kommande diskursiva förändringar måste förhålla sig till flertalet omständig­heter inklusive diskurskomponenternas (in)kompabilitet, huruvida praktiska lösningar är hållbara, hur social interaktion organiseras i allmänhet och hur diskursiv dekonstruktion oundvikligen får konsekvenser för kärlekens fundament.

The Swedish curriculum for the upper secondary school has been through a major change in the new corriculom that came in 2011 together with the new law concerning the Swedish schoolsystem (SFS 2010:800). The process behind these documents has been the main purpose and goal of this study. This has taken the form of a discourse analysis of all the material that led to the making of the current curriculum and the law concerning the Swedish school system. The discourse analysis looked after mechanisms of exclusion in both the process and the finished products of the two documents and also focused to see if there were any ethnocentric features present. The result shows that the curriculum together with the Swedish law concerning the school system is in a paradoxical relationship where Swedish teachers have to be inclusive in the pupils right to express different opinions, and at the same time be exclusive as only democratic values as is tradition in the west are to be accepted. At the same time there are some ethnocentric features present regarding how these democratic values should be thought, as it says it should follow western humanism and Christian ethics and values. These paradoxical and ethnocentric elements who are found within these documents show that some people may be excluded and that teachers may have to sacrifice either the students right to express themselves or their cultural differences or sacrifice the core values from whom the teachers are forced to abide to.

Cette étude traite de la représentation du criminel et de la normalisation de l’homme dans les œuvres d’August Strindberg, Ola Hansson et Gustaf af Geijerstam. La question de l’identité et de la spécificité de l’homme criminel attira une attention considérable à la fin du 19ème siècle. Elle fut explorée dans des sciences prestigieuses qui employaient de nouvelles techniques photographiques et statistiques pour surveiller et définir les anormaux. Dans les œuvres littéraires examinées, le criminel représente un thème privilégié : à travers ce thème, des questions fondamentales concernant la déviance, le déclin et la dégénérescence pourraient être exprimées et discutées par les auteurs. Pourtant, le criminel reste une figure complexe qui à la fois était perçue comme un homme malade ou déviant qu’il faut normaliser et un homme supérieur qui exprime sa propre liberté et individualité. Ce processus ambiguë est décrit, avec un terme emprunté à Michel Foucault, comme une forme de « gouvernementalité », ou une élaboration continue d’un champ de liberté et individualité situées. / This study explores the representation of the criminal and the wider question of the normalization of man seen through the works of August Strindberg, Ola Hansson and Gustaf af Geijerstam. The question of the identity of the criminal attracted considerable attention at the end of the 19th century. It was explored in new, prestigious scientific fields that relied upon cutting-edge photographic technology and statistics as forms of surveillance for defining types of human beings. In the literary works, the criminal thus functions as an appealing topic through which deeper cultural anxieties about deviance, decline and degeneration could be voiced and discussed. However, the criminal is a complex figure who at the same time tended to be seen as a sick, deviant or abnormal individual in need of normalization, and as a superior being who expresses his personal freedom and individuality. This ambivalent process, called a “game of normality”, is in turn understood in post-Foucauldian terms as a form of “governmentality”, or as a continuous shaping of a field of situated freedom and individuality