Global ETD Search

481	Non-Governmental Organizations as Foreign Agents – Foreign Funding of NGOs in Domestic and International Law Nägele, Carl Alexander 06 May 2024 (has links) Die Arbeit untersucht aus rechtlicher Perspektive das Phänomen der Finanzierung politischer Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) durch ausländische Akteure. Die Arbeit legt hierfür ein liberales Verständnis der Funktion von NRO in nationalen politischen Prozessen zugrunde. NRO spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Organisation von politischen Interessen. Daher wirft die Auslandsfinanzierung die Frage auf, inwiefern ausländische Akteure an innerstaatlichen politischen Diskurse teilnehmen. Durch einen Vergleich fünf verschiedener Staaten werden deren Rechtfertigungsansätze für Regulierungen der Auslandsfinanzierung von NRO herausgearbeitet. Der Vergleich zeigt auch Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede der Regelungsansätze auf, etwa bei der Definition „politischer Aktivitäten“ oder der Qualität der Beziehung zwischen einer NRO und ausländischen Geldgebern. Die Auslandsfinanzierung von NRO wird sodann den völkerrechtlichen Regeln zum Schutz der staatlichen Souveränität und dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker gegenüber gestellt. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass das Phänomen beide berührt. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn die Finanzierung den politischen Wettbewerb verzerrt. Die Zurechnung solcher Effekte ist indes schwierig, da in der Regel eine Vielzahl von Akteuren NRO finanziell unterstützen. Zuletzt untersucht die Arbeit die Regulierung der Auslandsfinanzierung von NRO aus der Perspektive der menschenrechtlich gewährleisteten Vereinigungsfreiheit. Diese umfasst auch das Recht, finanzielle Mittel aus dem Ausland zu erhalten. Die Effekte auf die Souveränität und das Selbstbestimmungsrecht stellen zwar legitime Gründe für Beschränkungen dar. Aufgrund der wichtigen Rolle von NRO in demokratischen Prozessen ist jedoch eine strenge Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung angezeigt. Während Transparenzvorgaben grundsätzlich gerechtfertigt werden können, verletzten striktere Maßnahmen, wie etwa ein Verbot der Auslandsfinanzierung, in der Regel die Vereinigungsfreiheit. / The study examines the phenomenon of political non-governmental organizations (NGOs) receiving funding from foreign actors from a legal perspective. It departs from a liberal understanding of the role of NGOs in domestic political processes. NGOs play a decisive role in organizing political interests. As a result, foreign funding implicates the participation of outside actors in domestic political discourses. The comparative analysis of five different national legal regimes for regulating the receipt of foreign funding by NGOs sheds light on common justifications for regulating the receipt of foreign funding by NGOs. It also highlights similarities and differences in the approaches taken, such as the definition of ‘political activities’ or the quality of the relationship between NGOs and foreign donors. In the context of international law, state sovereignty and the right to self-determination are examined vis-à-vis the phenomenon of NGOs receiving foreign funding. The study finds that foreign funding to NGOs can implicate both, especially where the funding leads to an uneven playing field in the political sphere of a given state. The attribution of such effects is difficult, however, as funding is often provided by numerous actors. Lastly, the study examines the regulation of NGOs receiving foreign funding through the lens of human rights law. It finds that receiving foreign funding is protected by the freedom of association. However, the effects of foreign funding on sovereignty and the right of self-determination can provide a legitimate reason for specific regulations. Given the importance of NGOs in democratic processes, a strict test of proportionality applies. While transparency requirements can be justified, more severe measures – especially a complete prohibition of foreign funding – will usually violate the freedom of association. Nichtregierungsorganisation Auslandsfinanzierung Völkerrecht Rechtsvergleichung Souveränität Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker Menschenrechte Vereinigungsfreiheit Non-governmental organizations NGO Foreign funding Public international law Comparative law Sovereignty Right to self-determination Human rights law Freedom of association 341 Völkerrecht 323 Grundrechte und politische Rechte 342 Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsrecht 340 Recht PR 2421 ddc:341 ddc:323 ddc:342 ddc:340
482	Использование ресурсов местного сообщества в деятельности НКО (на примере АНО «Семья детям») : магистерская диссертация / Using the resources of the local community in the activities of NGOs (using the example of ANO "Family for children") Мингажева, Л. М., Mingazheva, L. M. January 2024 (has links) In the final qualifying work, the theoretical part analyzes theories explaining the role of socially oriented NGOs as performers of social services of NGOs, the importance of volunteers for fulfilling the social mission of NGOs, discloses and classifies volunteer resources that help solve problems with NGOs. The second chapter presents the results of an empirical study based on a questionnaire survey of volunteers of the ANO "Family for Children"(n=106). The survey is dedicated to identifying the resources that volunteers implement in the interests of the target group of the ANO "Family for Children". The data obtained are systematized in the form of tables. / В выпускной квалификационной работе в теоретической части проанализированы теории, объясняющие роль социально ориентированных НКО как исполнителей социальных услуг, значение добровольцев для выполнения социальной миссии НКО, раскрыты и классифицированы ресурсы добровольцев, помогающих решению задач НКО. Во второй главе изложены результаты проведенного эмпирического исследования на основе анкетного опроса добровольцев АНО «Семья детям» (n=106). Опрос посвящен выявлению ресурсов, которые добровольцы реализуют в интересах целевой группы АНО «Семья детям». Полученные данные классифицированы и систематизированы в виде таблиц. MASTER'S THESIS VOLUNTEERING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY LOCAL COMMUNITY NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION (NGO) SOCIAL CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES ВОЛОНТЕРСТВО МЕСТНОЕ СООБЩЕСТВО СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ
483	Intelligence and the Uprising in East Germany 1953: An Example of Political Intelligence Collins, Steven Morris 08 1900 (has links) In 1950, the leader of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Walter Ulbricht, began a policy of connecting foreign threats with domestic policy failures as if the two were the same, and as if he was not responsible for either. This absolved him of blame for those failures and allowed Ulbricht to define his internal enemies as agents of the western powers. He used the state's secret police force, known as the Stasi, to provide the information that supported his claims of western obstructionism and to intimidate his adversaries. This resulted in a politicization of intelligence whereby Stasi officers slanted information so that it conformed to Ulbricht's doctrine of western interference. Comparisons made of eyewitness' statements to the morale reports filed by Stasi agents show that there was a difference between how the East German worker felt and the way the Stasi portrayed their attitudes to the politburo. Consequently, prior to June 17, 1953, when labor strikes inspired a million East German citizens to rise up against Ulbricht's oppressive government, the politicization of Stasi intelligence caused information over labor unrest to be unreliable at a time of increasing risk to the regime. This study shows the extent of Ulbricht's politicization of Stasi intelligence and its effect on the June 1953 uprising in the German Democratic Republic. Stasi intelligence Walter Ulbricht June 17, 1953 East Germany German Democratic Republic Ministerium fur Staatssicherheit MfS GDR politicization Spy Trials political doctrine Zaisser politburo Berlin Potsdam Halle NGO BStU FDGB SED SMAD VEB History, European History, Modern History, Military Ulbricht, Walter, 1893-1973.
484	Der Stand der Demokratisierung und der Herausbildung einer Zivilgesellschaft in Ägypten am Beispiel des Diskurses über die autochthone christliche Minderheit der Kopten Macêdo, Martina Bolz de Jesus 19 October 2009 (has links) Die Meinungen über die Chancen einer Demokratisierung im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sind geteilt. Diese Arbeit versucht für Ägypten eine Einschätzung zu geben. Als bevölkerungsreichstes und eines der politisch bedeutsamsten Länder der Region könnte es eine Vorbildfunktion einnehmen. Die Dissertation untersucht an einem Fallbeispiel, den Ausschreitungen zwischen Muslimen und Christen in einem oberägyptischen Dorf 1999/ 2000, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß sich staatliche Akteure, religiöse Institutionen und die Bürger zum heiklen Thema der Gefährdung der Rechte von Minderheiten im öffentlichen Diskurs zu Wort melden und dabei das Kriterium des Pluralismus, im Sinne von Toleranz und Ablehnung von Gewalt, erfüllen. Pessimistische Stimmen versagen dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten insbesondere wegen der dort vorherrschenden Religion eine Reformierbarkeit der politischen Kultur und stigmatisieren den Islam als Demokratisierungshindernis. Diese Arbeit beobachtet jedoch, dass es empirisch bereits einige Merkmale gibt, die auf eine Zunahme von Pluralismus in der ägyptischen Gesellschaft hindeuten. Sie zeigt die Anzeichen für die Herausbildung einer freien Öffentlichkeit und einer Zivilgesellschaft auf, die langfristig auf die Konsolidierung von Demokratie und nicht auf deren Zerstörung hinarbeitet. Gleichzeitig ist diese Arbeit eine Art in Szene gesetztes, lebendiges „Who is who?“ der gegenwärtigen Minderheiten- und Menschenrechtsbewegung in Ägypten. 1 / The current status of democratization and civil society development in Egypt through the example of the discourse on the indigenous Christian minority of the Copts. Opinions regarding the chances of democratization in the Middle East are divided. The thesis attempts to give an evaluation in the case of Egypt. As the most populous and one of the politically most influencing countries of that region Egypt could take the function of a role model. The dissertation investigates, on the basis of a case study – the clashes between Muslims and Christians in an Upper Egyptian village in 1999/ 2000 - in what form and to what extent state actors, religious institutions and citizens take a stand in public discourse on the sensitive issue of endangering the rights of minorities and thereby meet the criteria of pluralism in the sense of tolerance and rejection of violence. Pessimistic voices deny the Middle East a reformability of its political culture particularly with regard to the predominating religion there and stigmatize Islam as an obstacle to democratization. This study however, shows empirically that there are already some indications that point towards an increase of pluralism in Egyptian society and towards the development of a free public sphere and a civil society that in the long term can lead to the consolidation of democracy and not to its destruction. At the same time this study is a kind of status report and “Who’s who?” of the current minority – and human rights movement in Egypt. Demokratie Ägypten Toleranz Transformation Islam Demokratisierung Menschenrechte Minderheiten Öffentlichkeit Zivilgesellschaft Nicht-Staatliche Akteure in Ägypten Politisches System Ägyptens Ägyptische Regierung Ägyptische Presse Ägyptische Parteien Ägyptische Religiöse Institutionen Islamismus Islamistische Gruppen Islamistische Organisationen Christliche Organisationen Christliche Verbände Islamische Organisationen Islamische Verbände Diskurs Christen Kopten Kirche und Staat Diaspora-Kopten Religion Pluralismus NGO NRO Nichtregierungsorganisationen Konfessionalismus Diskriminierung Ägyptens Nationale Einheit Interkonfessionelle Ausschreitungen Interkonfessionelle Konflikte Zusammenstöße in al-Kosheh 1999 / 2000 al-Kosheh al-Kosh al-Kuã… Democracy Egypt Transformation Islam NGO Democratization Civil Society Egyptian Non-State Actors Egyptian Political System Egyptian Government Egyptian Press Egyptian Parties Egyptian Religious Institutions Islamism Islamist Groups Islamist Organizations Christian Organizations Christian Associations Islamic Organizations Islamic Associations Discourse Christians Minorities Copts Church and State Diaspora Copts Religion Pluralism Tolerance Human Rights Non-Governmental Organization Public Sphere Sectarianism Discrimination Egypt’s National Unity Sectarian Strife Sectarian Conflicts Al-Kosheh Incidents 1999 / 2000 al-Kosheh al-Kosh al-Kuã… 300 Sozialwissenschaften 14 Soziologie, Gesellschaft MS 9608 MI 12086 MI 12968 ddc:300
485	Population ageing and its implications for older persons : an analysis of the perspectives of government and non government officials within the Department of Social Development sector Samaad, Anita 26 September 2013 (has links) The concept of population ageing is a development issue that has received much attention due to the demographic transition that is occurring globally, marked by declining levels of fertility and mortality. Therefore, the implications of population ageing for older persons within the context of Social Development was examined from the perspective of government and non government officials. The study was confined to older persons and the policies and programmes implemented by the Department of Social Development. The study employed an exploratory research design within a qualitative paradigm. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire were distributed to officials in the nine provinces. Thirty six questionnaires were received and qualitative methods of data analysis were used to analyse and interpret the data. The main finding of the study is that there is congruence in what government officials and the non government officials view as implications for older persons. Central to this is that the issue of ageing does not receive attention on the agenda of government. The top five priorities for older persons are healthy ageing, economic security, community/home based care services for older persons, having care and support systems for older persons and an improved quality of life/poverty alleviation. Based on the demographic determinants of population ageing, the findings are that there will be an increased demand for services for older persons which might place a strain on the social assistance and health care programmes. The issue of ageing was viewed positively as an opportunity by government officials and pessimistically as a challenge by NGO’s. The most common problems in old age is a reliance on the younger generation and or the state for their care and support, abuse, high levels of illiteracy and the burden of care for their children and grandchildren. The future older person is likely to be in better health and better educated than the older person of today if the necessary public investments are made now in these areas. The study makes recommendations for the adoption of a South African plan of action on ageing, inter-sectoral budgeting, development of specialised programmes, review of current policies and legislation for older persons, strengthening the partnership with the NGO sector and facilitating ageing mainstreaming within government programmes. / Sociology / M.A. (Social Development) Population ageing Older persons Social development Population indicators NGO officials Government officials Population projections Social profile Vulnerable groups Government policies and programmes 304.6450968 Social gerontology -- South Africa Social planning -- South Africa South Africa -- Social policy
486	NGO involvement in the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972. Interrelations Between Intergovernmental Discourse Framing and Activist Influence. Nilsson, Peter January 2004 (has links) The UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 has been recognized as bringing political attention to environmental problems. Researchers have acknowledged the importance of NGO activities during the conference, initiating a trend of engagement of NGOs in official global meetings. But NGOs were not permitted to speak at the plenary or participate in working groups in the official Conference. The influence of NGOs could still be substantial but in another arenas delivering perceptions, knowledge and information to the general public and officials, directly or through the intense media coverage of the conference. NGOs engaged in these parallel activities and individuals in the official initiating process are central to this research. The purpose of this study is to analyze how Swedish NGOs and their related networks influenced environmental discourses during and following the UN conference on the human environment in Stockholm 1972. The purpose is also to analyze how they in turn were effected by the conference process and the context in which NGOs function. This study is concerned with how social movements became engaged in official global meetings and the effects of this process. It is a study of the interrelations between intergovernmental discourse framing and activist influence. To understand this we take in consideration what motivated the actions of relevant actors, how actors selected strategies to obtain there purposes and how diverse frames of understanding emerged. Political science frames of understanding paradigms environmental understanding UNCHE UN conference on the human environment interrelations discourse framing activist Stockholm conference perception power relations frame-setting NGO social movements Manuel Castells transnational advocacy third world Chossudovsky political actors only one earth networks PowWow Hamilton conference Environmental Forum Peoples Forum Garrett Harding Barry Commoner UNEP ecocide in Indochina sustainable development globalization Statsvetenskap
487	An evaluation of food parcel interventions by Societas Socialis (SOS) Children's Villages in the context of HIV and AIDS : a case study of Ennerdale informal settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa Hlabangana, Vincent 10 1900 (has links) This study investigated and evaluated the success and impact of the foodstuff package intervention that is offered by SOS Children’s Villages to households affected by HIV and AIDS. The study population comprised households who were involved in the food parcel distribution intervention, those affected by HIV and AIDS, those individuals who were able to talk freely about their lives as full participants and recipients of food parcels, and those aged 18 years and older. This study determined how food parcel intervention promotes self-sufficiency post-intervention. This was determined by interviewing recipients of food parcels from 2010 to 2018. The food parcel dissemination has been a core intervention to families affected by HIV and AIDS, but yielded very little progress towards assisting people to reach self-reliance. The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the food parcel intervention using a qualitative research design. This study focused only on families affected by HIV and AIDS, including young people aged eighteen years and above. The study was based on a purposive sampling method with in-depth and focus group interviews as a means of collecting data. The results and implications of this study are discussed in depth in this research report. Essentially, the findings of this study could inform the development of policies and strategies to be considered for possible implementation by NGO’s and government in supporting family units affected by HIV and AIDS. / Sociology / M.A. (Social and Behavioural Studies in HIV and AIDS) Evaluation Food parcel livelihood HIV and AIDS Household Independence NGO Self-reliance and sustainability 362.19697920609682215 SOS Children's Villages
488	Obchodování s lidmi: role EU v přístupech k problému v ČR a Belgii / Human trafficking: the role of the EU and the approaches to the problem in Czech Republic and in Belgium Haniaková, Tereza January 2020 (has links) This master thesis aims to unveil and examine the interplay between different actors in the fight against human trafficking. These are: the European Union, the Czech Republic and Belgium. A content (text) analysis of the primary sources gives the answers on how those actors work with the definition of human trafficking and to what extent the two member states implemented the EU Directive 2011/36/EU and other documents. In addition to conducting the content (text) analysis, creating a literature review and researching on different discourses linked to this phenomenon, this thesis include two semi-structured interviews with the representatives of the Czech Republic and Belgium. Those offer deeper insight into how those states form this fight in practice. They unveiled different aspects in their own approaches but also aspects that make their approach unique. This thesis examines also how the new strategy - the most important document framing the fight against human trafficking and the country's priorities - is adopted and what generally will those strategies include from the year 2020.
489	Examining the role of preventive diplomacy in South Africa’s foreign policy towards Zimbabwe, 2000-2009 Coady, Allison Marie 19 June 2013 (has links) The recent political conflict in Zimbabwe has attracted the attention of policymakers, academics and the media alike in the neighbouring countries of the region, across the African continent and internationally. While the story of an ageing African liberation hero turned dictator who, through autocratic rule, has governed his country and his people to the ground in order to maintain power is captivating, a key element of the fascination is the critical diplomatic role played by South Africa from 2000 onward. Foreign policy in post-apartheid South Africa on paper is driven by human rights and democracy, conflict prevention and conflict resolution through peaceful means, and the promotion of African interests in world affairs. However, after observing South Africa’s involvement in the Zimbabwe conflict between 2000 and 2009, South Africa’s foreign policy appears to be propelled more by African solidarity and sovereignty, anti-imperialism, and a softer interpretation of preventive diplomacy than its international counterparts. Thabo Mbeki’s preventive diplomacy toward Zimbabwe during his presidency was slow to produce results, lacked transparency and frustrated many, yet, when examined under a preventive diplomacy theoretical lens, Mbeki’s policy did eventually garner success through the signing of the Global Political Agreement (GPA) and the formation of an inclusive government in Zimbabwe. This dissertation examines the role of preventive diplomacy in South Africa’s foreign policy toward Zimbabwe under Mbeki’s leadership and determines the point at which South Africa switched from an approach of preventive diplomacy to one of conflict resolution and conflict management. The concept of ‘preventive diplomacy’ is often focused on government-to-government relations or the high level diplomacy of intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations (UN). Multi-track diplomacy expands on this traditional interpretation and considers the preventive diplomacy contributions of a variety of non-state actors to the practice of conflict prevention. This dissertation uniquely moulds the preventive diplomacy theoretical framework of Michael Lund with Kumar Rupesinghe’s concept of multi-track diplomacy to form a more comprehensive illustration of the role of preventive diplomacy in the approach of multiple actors towards the Zimbabwe conflict. The more inclusive preventive diplomacy theoretical framework is then applied to the conflict in Zimbabwe between 2000 and 2009. Through the application of a preventive diplomacy framework which incorporates the concept of multi-track diplomacy it is then possible to observe the South African government’s preventive diplomacy approach toward Zimbabwe first between 2000 and 2007 and then as mandated by SADC between 2007 and 2009 and finally compare it with the diplomacy of multi-track actors such as the UN, Zimbabwe-based and South African-based civil society organizations, the Zimbabwean Diaspora, religious groups, and financial institutions. The examination of the larger role of preventive diplomacy in the Zimbabwe conflict situation leads to the understanding that each diplomatic effort is interlinked. Therefore the culminating event of the South African government’s preventive diplomacy approach in the Global Political Agreement could not have been achieved without the preventive diplomacy efforts of a multitude of actors who were also committed to preventing violence and finding a lasting solution to the conflict in Zimbabwe. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Political Sciences / unrestricted Global political agreement (GPA) Governmental diplomacy Ecumenical diplomacy Conflict Conflict resolution Conflict management Preventive diplomacy Conflict life cycle Early warning Track one track to diplomacy Inter-governmental diplomacy Inclusive government Multi-track diplomacy Zimbabwean diaspora Community schemes ombud service (CSOS) Non-governmental organisation (NGO) United Nations (UN) Foreign policy Zimbabwe Conflict intervention Conflict prevention Citizen diplomacy South Africa (SA) Economic diplomacy Thabo mbeki ANC MDC Zanu-PF UCTD
490	Population ageing and its implications for older persons : an analysis of the perspectives of government and non government officials within the Department of Social Development sector Samaad, Anita 11 1900 (has links) The concept of population ageing is a development issue that has received much attention due to the demographic transition that is occurring globally, marked by declining levels of fertility and mortality. Therefore, the implications of population ageing for older persons within the context of Social Development was examined from the perspective of government and non government officials. The study was confined to older persons and the policies and programmes implemented by the Department of Social Development. The study employed an exploratory research design within a qualitative paradigm. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire were distributed to officials in the nine provinces. Thirty six questionnaires were received and qualitative methods of data analysis were used to analyse and interpret the data. The main finding of the study is that there is congruence in what government officials and the non government officials view as implications for older persons. Central to this is that the issue of ageing does not receive attention on the agenda of government. The top five priorities for older persons are healthy ageing, economic security, community/home based care services for older persons, having care and support systems for older persons and an improved quality of life/poverty alleviation. Based on the demographic determinants of population ageing, the findings are that there will be an increased demand for services for older persons which might place a strain on the social assistance and health care programmes. The issue of ageing was viewed positively as an opportunity by government officials and pessimistically as a challenge by NGO’s. The most common problems in old age is a reliance on the younger generation and or the state for their care and support, abuse, high levels of illiteracy and the burden of care for their children and grandchildren. The future older person is likely to be in better health and better educated than the older person of today if the necessary public investments are made now in these areas. The study makes recommendations for the adoption of a South African plan of action on ageing, inter-sectoral budgeting, development of specialised programmes, review of current policies and legislation for older persons, strengthening the partnership with the NGO sector and facilitating ageing mainstreaming within government programmes. / Sociology / M.A. (Development Studies) Population ageing Older persons Social development Population indicators NGO officials Government officials Population projections Social profile Vulnerable groups Government policies and programmes 304.6450968 Social gerontology -- South Africa Social planning -- South Africa South Africa -- Social policy

Search results