Alors que la scène du droit semble célébrer le triomphe de l’écriture juridique, on est obligé de se poser la question de l’impact du « tout écrit » sur l’oralité juridique et de rechercher, si besoin était, la place actuelle de cette dernière en droit privé. Il est vrai que l’oralité est source d’insécurité de par ses deux caractéristiques principales : la volatilité et la versatilité. Pour autant, des vecteurs sécurisés de l’oralité existent. On est aujourd’hui en capacité d’assurer une sécurité quant à la parole et de lui conférer un caractère fiable ou pérenne ou de lui assigner un cadre, une structure permettant de développer un habitus institutionnel. L’oralité juridique demeure une notion importante en droit français mais mal définie et à caractère évolutif. Il pour autant est permis de douter que l’écriture constitue, partout et toujours, un progrès. Si l’écriture insiste surtout sur le message qu’elle véhicule et tend à l’anonymat des relations sociales, l’oralité valorise l’individualisation des rapports sociaux. L’oralité présente des caractéristiques principales essentielles telles que la rapidité, la facilité et la simplicité. L’oralité est également nécessaire au soutien des principes généraux d’organisation du procès. Elle présente des qualités indéniables rendant son utilisation indispensable, mais surtout l’oralité a vocation à replacer au centre du rapport d’obligation ou au centre du procès l’individu, source de cette oralité. L’oralité est loin du "déclinisme" qu’on lui prédit et ses apports sont essentiels. C’est la faveur traditionnelle pour l’oralité qui se trouvera ici rappelée / Nowadays the increasing number and complexity of new additional texts congest the Law. As a consequence, we can ask the question of the impact of writing on legal orality. Thus, it is required to look for the current place of orality in private law. It is true that orality is a source of insecurity because of two main features : volatility and versatility. However, there are some secured flows when using orality. Nowadays, we are able to ensure security of speech and to award it a lasting character. Also here, the possibility exists to assign to it a framework, a structure allowing to develop institutional customs. Legal orality remains an important concept in French Law, despite the current lack of structure. Whether in contractual or irrefutable proof or in procedural law, orality does not hold same guarantees as written words and without the transfer into writings, orality remains a source of concern. But we can be skeptical about the writing as a progress. If writing pays particular attention on the message and moves towards the anonymous of social relationships, orality highlights individualization of social relationships. Orality has key characteristics such as speed, ease and simplicity. Orality is also required to support of the general principles of the organization of the trial. It shows undeniable qualities making its use indispensable, but above all, orality has the vocation to put the person in the center of the contract or in the center of the trial. Today, orality is still far from the predicted decline as its contribution remains essential. It is the traditional favor for orality which will be recalled here

O objetivo principal desta dissertação é apresentar a Oralidade e a Escrita no Processo Civil sob a ótica do Gerenciamento de Processos. Deste modo, é negada que a oralidade constitua um princípio formador do Direito Processual Civil, destacando-se que se trata de uma escolha técnica dada ao órgão jurisdicional visando maior eficiência. É questionada a funcionalidade das audiências e da prova oral. É enfatizado que o papel da conciliação é promover o acesso à justiça, e não reduzir gastos públicos. De outro lado, é sustentado que a garantia de um processo justo é compatível com um procedimento escrito. À guisa de conclusão, é afirmado que a oralidade não pode ser tratada exclusivamente no plano dos princípios. Com o consenso das partes, pode o juiz customizar as audiências e a colheita das provas visando dar maior eficiência ao processo. / This essay overriding objective is to present Orality and Writing in Civil Procedure in a Case Management view. By doing so, it is denied that orality constitutes a formative principle of Civil Procedure, rather than a technical choice given to the court in order to bring more efficiency to the procedure. The oral hearing and proof gathering functionality is also questioned. It is emphasized that the role of conciliation is to improve access to justice and it is not its aim to reduce public expenses. In another hand, its sustained that the guarantee of a fair public hearing is compatible with a writing procedure. As a conclusion, it is said that orality and writing cannot be treated exclusively as a matter of principle. With the consent of the parties, the judge can customize the hearings and proof taking, giving more efficiency to the civil procedure.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar ao leitor brasileiro a tradução do romance Mémoires de porc-épic (2006), de Alain Mabanckou. Para chegarmos à tradução, fez-se necessário entender alguns elementos centrais de sua poética e da estrutura narrativa do romance, assim como sua trajetória de vida e obra. Para tanto, discorremos, num primeiro momento, sobre sua visão de mundo e sobre as principais dimensões de sua poética, relacionando-os, sobretudo, ao pensamento rizomático proposto por Édouard Glissant. Em seguida, analisamos o romance em questão atentando para elementos macroestruturais, relacionados à literatura oral tradicional de algumas sociedades africanas de expressão francesa, nos baseando, majoritariamente, nos estudos feitos por Jacques Chevrier, e em elementos microestruturais, concernentes ao uso de repetições, paralelismos, interjeições, léxico africano, provérbios, responsáveis por criar o que Mabanckou chama de ritmo congolês da narrativa. Por fim, destinamos o terceiro capítulo à discussão tradutória, no qual apresentamos nosso projeto de tradução, baseado na abordagem de viés não etnocêntrico proposta, entre outros, por Antoine Berman; e nossa concepção sobre as notas de tradução, levando em consideração, primordialmente, o pensamento de Ana Cristina Cesar em relação ao ritmo na prosa. Apresentamos as notas de tradução divididas em dois blocos, o semântico e o sintático, ambos em diálogo com o que entendemos ser o ritmo da narrativa. A tradução completa é vista no anexo. / The aim of this work is to present to the Brazilian public the translation of Mémoires de porc-épic (2006), a novel by Alain Mabanckou. In order to arrive at the translation, it seemed necessary to have a more in-depth understanding of some of the central elements of the poetic and narrative structure of the novel, as well as the authors life and work. Therefore, we at first discuss his worldview and the main dimensions of his poetics; relating them, especially, to the concept of rhizome proposed by philosopher Édouard Glissant. Then, we analyze the novel in question, with attention to the macrostructural elements related to traditional oral literature in some African societies of French expression, drawing mainly on studies by Jacques Chevrier, as well as microstructural elements concerning the use of repetitions, parallelisms, interjections, African vocabulary and proverbs, responsible for creating the Congolese rhythm of the narrative. Finally, the third chapter discusses the translation and presents the translation project, drawing upon the non-ethnocentric approach proposed, among others, by Antoine Berman, and our conception of the translation notes, taking into account primarily the thoughts of Ana Cristina Cesar regarding rhythm in prose. The translation notes are divided into two blocks, semantic and syntactic, which are both in dialogue with what we understand to be the rhythm of the narrative. The full translation is located in the Annex.

A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo pesquisar em que medida o rap, música característica do movimento hip-hop, é capaz de possibilitar o processo de letramento de jovens provenientes das classes menos favorecidas, que habitam na periferia de São Paulo, enriquecendo suas experiências linguísticas e subjetivas. A dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa-ação realizada na ONG Casa do Zezinho, localizada na região do Capão Redondo, extremo sul da cidade de São Paulo, com jovens entre 13 e 15 anos, regularmente matriculados em escolas públicas do entorno. O trabalho empírico desenvolvido, por meio de oficinas, privilegiou a interdiscursividade do rap para discutir as desigualdades sociais e raciais, às quais está submetida uma importante parcela da população, a fim de analisar a construção da identidade dos jovens urbanos, aproximando a cultura de sua comunidade das intervenções propostas como situações de ensino. Buscou-se, ainda, oferecer por meio do rap e toda sua oralidade formular, situações significativas de letramento para que o funcionamento social da linguagem e os conteúdos relacionados à língua pudessem ser compreendidos em suas dimensões discursivas. Tomando como base as letras de rap e a escuta da imagem sonora da palavra, entendemos que a linguagem adotada pelo rap também possibilitou a reinterpretação das experiências vividas na comunidade, ao dar novos significados ao imaginário do adolescente, conferindo à palavra a força da experiência vivida, individual e coletivamente. / This dissertation aims to investigate the extent to which rap, the characteristic music of the hip-hop movement, is able to facilitate the process of literacy in young people who inhabit the low-income periphery neighborhoods of São Paulo, enriching their linguistic and subjective experiences. The dissertation is a result of research conducted at Casa Zezinho, an NGO located in the Capon Redondo region, in the extreme southern area of the city, with young people between the ages of 13 and 15, enrolled in public schools in its surrounding areas. Through workshops, the empirical work focused on the interdiscursivity of rap to discuss social and racial inequality, to which a significant portion of this population is subjected, in order to analyze the nature in which urban youth construct their identities, using the culture of their communities in the aforementioned workshops as teaching tools. We also attempted to offer, through rap and its utterly oral nature, significant focus on literacy so that the social function of language and the content relating to language could be understood in their discursive dimensions. Using rap lyrics as our basis and listening to the sound image of the words, we understood that the language adopted by rap also allows for a redefinition of the experiences of the community by giving adolescents the chance to imagine the world in a new way, giving the word the force of individually and collectively lived experiences.

Mário de Andrade foi um dos ícones do Movimento Modernista, um autor de fundamental importância para a consolidação do conto moderno na Literatura Brasileira. Seus escritos reúnem vários gêneros. Nosso foco de estudo será a sua contística: suas três obras de contos Primeiro Andar (1926), Contos de Belazarte (1934) e Contos Novos (1947). Sabe-se da escassez de estudos sobre os contos marioandradeanos, e isso justifica a escolha de nosso corpus de pesquisa. Nossa intenção será enfatizar o modo como o autor modernista entendeu o gênero conto e como esse mesmo gênero teve uma grande evolução ao longo de sua produção. Dessa forma, ficará clara a contribuição de Mário para a consolidação do conto moderno em nosso país. Além disso, perseguiremos outra questão: a relação texto, autor e leitor. Assim, iremos constatar como se dá a relação do autor Mário de Andrade com o seu leitor. Na verdade, os contos marioandradeanos exigem um tipo de leitor participativo, que consiga ler, compreender, interpretar e completar o real sentido do texto. Além disso, esse leitor deverá perceber que o autor utiliza alguns recursos como a oralidade para estabelecer uma relação mais próxima com o seu leitor. Também será focalizada no presente estudo a questão da identidade nacional: como Mário de Andrade a entendeu e como a incorporou em seus contos. Podemos constatar que o autor utiliza a linguagem como um dos recursos mais importantes para definir essa questão. Levando em conta o que tem sido discutido pelas teorias modernas sobre identidade, o presente trabalho também procura mostrar como a contística de Mário se aproxima ou se afasta dessa visão mais contemporânea de identidade. / Mario de Andrade was one of the icons of Modernist Movement, an author of fundamental importance for the consolidation of modern short stories in Brazilian Literature. His writings gather many genres. The focus of this study is Mario de Andrade‘s three books stories: Primeiro Andar (1926), Contos de Belazarte (1934), and Contos Novos (1947). Such focus has been chosen taking into consideration that Mario de Andrade‘s short stories have not been fairly explored to date, which therefore justifies the corpus of the present research. Our intention is to emphasize the way that the Modernist author understood the genre short story and how such genre evolved along his writings. Thus, Mario de Andrade‘s contribution for the consolidation of modern short stories in our country shall be clear. Notwithstanding, another topic shall be addressed in this study: the relationship text-author-reader, which aims at grasping how the author relates to his reader. In fact, marioandradeano short stories request a participative type of reader, whom may read, comprehend, interpret, and complete the real meaning of the text as well as to perceive the use of aural strategies which aim at bringing the reader closer to the artist. This study shall also address national identity from Mario de Andrade‘s perspective as well as how such discussion is referred to in his short stories through the use of language resource. It shall also be acknowledged how modern theories on identity can be connected to Mario de Andrade‘s reasoning.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_albertina_alterada.pdf: 18646660 bytes, checksum: 5ae2bb3a0fc058d819e6c1522179ed69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-23 / This research is based on the Linguistic Literature, especial ly in the contributions of Discourse Analysis, Portuguese teaching and in the study of the relation between the speaking and the writing as a part of process of a continuous of textuali ty, by Soares , Bakhtin s, Marcuschi s, Antunes , Koch s studies. The observation of the influence of the orality in the university students production, who study Portuguese, there is a disclosure that the impact of the orality reduce with the development of the academic activities, but they do not disappear forever. The aim of this research is to analyze the text productions in Portuguese, from 1st and 8th period in the same class of the Portuguese Course at South Area Teacher Formation College in Palmares city PE. The data collected were verified, about the impact of the oral ity, which would have influenced the text creation.The research revealed the occurrence of individual composition development between the two academic periods, in relation to the ability to reduce use of impact of orality. / Esta pesquisa fundamenta-se na literatura Lingüística, particularmente nas contribuições da Análise do Discurso, Ensino de Língua Portuguesa e no estudo da relação entre fala e escrita como processo integrante de um continuum de textualidade, através dos estudos de Soares, Bakhtin, Marcuschi, Antunes, koch, entre outros. A observação da influencia da oralidade na produção dos alunos universitários do curso de licenciatura em letras revelam que as marcas de oralidade diminuem com o desenvolvimento das atividades acadêmicas, mas não desaparecem em definitivo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a as produções textuais em português, dos alunos do 1ºe 8º períodos em uma mesma turma do curso de letras da Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Mata Sul na cidade de Palmares-PE Os dados obtidos foram comparados, quanto a marcas de oralidade que teriam influenciado a criação textual. A pesquisa revelou a ocorrência de desenvolvimento redacional individual entre os dois períodos acadêmicos, no que concerne à capacidade de diminuir uso de marcas de oral idade.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_chirlene.pdf: 1604978 bytes, checksum: d238dc58dd5a4e4d4b01825d6886f7d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / The theme for research has been observed for the intonation in the organization of the speech in patients with aphasia, understood as a change in the linguistic system from brain damage, among other commitments, which makes the aphasic feel it very difficult to convey emotion and meaning by speech, causing social withdrawal. In order to identify prosodic features in the process of (re)organization of language by identifying intonation clues of speech in the oral production by the aphasic subject and the organization of intonation strategies through clues presented in the writing of that subject from the Interactional Theory of Intonation of Brazil (1985), the study focuses on promoting the speech of the aphasic subject by exploring intonation clues through the use of different text genres related to the daily practice of aphasic. For this reason, a study was conducted with an aphasic subject, male, with significant difficulties in writing and speaking skills. We selected ten species with predominant features of speech and ten with predominant features of writing. All the proposed activities on the mode of oral genres were performed by the subject, while only seven activities of the written form were accepted and performed satisfactorily. The results indicated the need of working together both the aspects of verbal and nonverbal multimodal and discursive construction. The intonation clues, both in the oral and in the writing, served as facilitators of the process of organizing language by the aphasic subject. The emphasis of the prominence, especially the emphasis on pretonic syllable, played strong constitutive meaning in interaction. Even the hesitation, which is common in the speech of the aphasic, is considered a strategy for organization of thought, and it is marked by intonation clue related to syntactic organization. Thus, we conclude that in the process of (re)organization of language, intonation plays an important role in the construction of meaning in the interaction and facilitates understanding the statement / O tema para pesquisa volta-se para a entoação observada na organização do discurso do portador de afasia, entendida como uma alteração no sistema linguístico proveniente de lesão cerebral que, dentre outros comprometimentos, faz com que o afásico sinta bastante dificuldade em transmitir emoção e significado pela fala, causando afastamento social. Com o objetivo de identificar recursos prosódicos no processo de (re)organização da linguagem por meio da identificação de pistas entoacionais na produção oral do sujeito afásico e de estratégias de organização entoacional através de pistas presentes na escrita deste sujeito a partir da Teoria Interacional da Entoação, de Brazil (1985), o estudo tem como foco favorecer a oralidade do sujeito afásico pela exploração de pistas entoacionais através do uso de diferentes gêneros textuais relacionados à prática diária do afásico. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo com um sujeito afásico, do sexo masculino, com dificuldades expressivas na escrita e na oralidade. Foram selecionados dez gêneros com características predominantes da oralidade e dez com características predominantes da escrita. Todas as atividades propostas com os gêneros da modalidade oral foram realizadas pelo sujeito, enquanto apenas sete atividades da modalidade escrita foram aceitas e executadas satisfatoriamente. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de trabalho conjunto entre aspectos verbais, não verbais e multimodais na construção discursiva. As pistas entoacionais, tanto na oralidade quanto na escrita, serviram como facilitadoras do processo de organização da linguagem do sujeito afásico. A ênfase dada pela proeminência, sobretudo, pelo destaque à sílaba pré-tonica desempenhou forte componente constitutivo de sentido para a interação. Mesmo a hesitação, comum ao discurso do afásico, considerada uma estratégia para organização do pensamento, é marcada por pista entoacional relacionada à organização sintática. Logo, conclui-se que no processo de (re)organização da linguagem, a entoação desempenha um papel muito importante na construção de sentido na interação e facilita a compreensão do enunciado

Text in German with German and English summaries / Starting point of the search for the purpose of 1 Timothy is the assumption of basic similarities between this letter and letter writing in Greco-Roman antiquity. This means that 1 Timothy is designed for an oral performance in front of an audience. The analysis concentrates on the so far neglected classical duties of the speaker: memoria and pronuntiatio. This means the memorized performance in front of an audience. 1 Timothy shows many mnemotechnical devices and puts certain terms in focus. This shows what expressions the audience has to memorize and what aspects show prominence. The result of this can be formulated as the purpose of 1 Timothy: Paul wants to confirm Timothy in his mandate to guard the gospel from being changed through a resolute dismissal of wrong teachings and an ethic that honours God and men. / Ausgangspunkt der Frage nach der Absicht des 1. Timotheus ist die Annahme, dass dieser Brief grundsätzliche Gemeinsamkeiten mit der kaiserzeitlichen Epistolographie aufweist. Demnach ist der 1. Timotheus für den mündlichen Vortrag (Performanz) vor einem Publikum konzipiert. Die Analyse konzentriert sich auf die bisher in der rhetorischen Forschung vernachlässigten klassischen Aufgaben des Redners: memoria (das Auswendiglernen) und pronuntiatio (der freie Vortrag). Dabei zeigt sich, dass im 1. Timotheus eine Vielzahl mnemotechnischer Mittel eingesetzt wird. Auch die für einen effektiven mündlichen Vortrag notwendige Hervorhebung einzelner Begriffe wird methodisch begründet und aufgezeigt. Dadurch wird deutlich, welche Punkte sich den Zuhörern einprägen sollen und welche Aspekte besonders hervorgehoben werden. Die Zusammenfassung dieser Ergebnisse wird als Absicht des 1. Timotheus formuliert: Paulus will Timotheus in seinem Auftrag bestätigen, nämlich das Evangelium vor Verfälschung zu bewahren durch ein entschiedenes Eintreten gegen falsche Lehren und eine Ethik, die Gott und den Menschen mit Ehre und Respekt begegnet. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (New Testament)

À l'horizon de ce travail se trouve la volonté d'affirmer la cohésion et les nuances d'un imaginaire caribéen, construit en dialogue avec tous les substrats culturels et les expériences de l'histoire et du paysage dont il est issu. L'étude se concentre sur les œuvres de trois auteurs qui ont fourni une réflexion critique sur la création littéraire et sur le rôle de l'artiste caribéen ou latino-américain : Alejo Carpentier, Édouard Glissant, Derek Walcott. Ils arpentent le réel caribéen, dans une tension toujours renouvelée entre un canon littéraire inculqué depuis l'autre rive européenne, et la volonté de représenter dans et par le texte littéraire les pratiques vives de l'oralité. Comment concilier les tensions entre médiation (inter)textuelle et immédiateté ou coïncidence rêvée du chant, pour écrire avec justesse l’histoire oblitérée d’un archipel ou d’un continent ? Je développe à partir de leurs usages une conception dynamique de l'intertextualité comme dialogue, confrontation et revitalisation de la mémoire écrite, qui entend dépasser l'axe binaire de la soumission ou la subversion à un canon écrit surtout européen. J'envisage en particulier l'axe Méditerranée-Caraïbe pour penser les phénomènes de transferts et de différenciation et montrer comment l'Antiquité gréco-latine peut servir à articuler le désir de fondation et la rencontre entre performance orale et trace écrite. J'examine enfin comment le désir d'oralité, allié à la notion de communauté, travaille les textes du corpus, à travers un certain nombre de scènes de passage, de scènes rituelles, ou de scènes limites de la représentation. / This work intends to stand for the cohesion and the nuances of a Caribbean imaginary, which is based on a constant dialogue with all the cultural substrates and the experiences of history and landscape. The study focuses on the works of three writers who produced a critical appraisal of literary creation and the role of the Caribbean or Latin-American artist: Alejo Carpentier, Édouard Glissant, Derek Walcott. They keep measuring the Caribbean reality, in a continuous tension between a literary canon often brought and taught from the European shore and view, and the will to represent in and by the literary text the vivid practices of orality. How can we conciliate the tensions between (inter)textual mediation and immediacy or coincidence of the song, in order to write the obliterared history of an archipelago or a continent? Reading their intertextual uses, I develop a dynamic conception of intertextuality as dialogue, confrontation and revitalization of literary memory, which intends to go beyond the binary axis of submission or subversion to European written canon. I study in particular the Mediterranean-Caribbean axis to think about the cultural transfers and differentiation, in order to show how the Greek and Roman tradition can be used to articulate the desire for foundation and the encounters between oral performance and written traces. Finally, I examine how the desire for orality, which seems to traduce a desire of community, influences the textual composition, through the study of scenes of passing, ritual scenes and boundary scenes of representation.

Mémoire en recherche-création / Ktf, la première partie de ce mémoire, est un récit au « je » qui tente de reproduire le parler des jeunes québécois. Il présente une vision des relations amoureuses au temps des nouvelles technologies à travers les yeux d’une jeune femme de 20 ans souffrant de dépendance affective. Le discours se double d’une réflexion sur l’endoctrinement par les discours sociaux qui poussent à accorder une grande importance au paraître. La narratrice, par son point de vue à la fois sarcastique et aliéné, s’attarde à raconter son banal quotidien, tout en reconduisant une multitude de stéréotypes et en pigeant allègrement dans le répertoire du kitsch et des pensées préconçues. Toutefois, grâce à son sens de l’autodérision, la narratrice insuffle à son récit une bonne dose de ridicule ce qui a pour effet de dévoiler le vide de sens qui sous-tend cette culture du paraître. La seconde partie de ce mémoire est un essai qui s’intéresse la culture populaire et au rire comme instruments de détournement des discours dominants et de la culture consacrée dans Borderline et La brèche de Marie-Sissi Labrèche. Cet essai en trois parties s’attarde d’abord à faire ressortir les références au tragique dans les deux récits de l’auteure, afin de montrer comment leurs héroïnes Sissi et Kiki sont oppressées par les grands discours du système officiel. Ensuite, les parties deux et trois portent sur le détournement que les narratrices font subir au tragique en le confrontant à diverses manifestations de la culture populaire comique, dont le kitsch, le grotesque, le ridicule, le carnavalesque et le trash. / Ktf, the first part of this M.A. Thesis, is a narrative that attempts to reproduce the orality of young people in Quebec. It presents a vision of love relationships in the age of new technologies through the eyes of a 20-years-old girl suffering from emotional dependence. The discourse is coupled with a reflection on indoctrination by social discourses that give great importance to appearing. The narrator, from her sarcastic and alienated point of view, dwells on her banal daily life, while reiterating a multitude of stereotypes and while gleefully pumping into kitsch repertoire and preconceived thoughts. However, thanks to her sense of self-deprecation, the narrator infuses her story with a good dose of ridicule, which has the effect of revealing the meaninglessness that underlies this culture of appearances. The second part is an essay on popular culture and laughter as instruments for diverting dominant discourses and consecrated culture in Borderline and La brèche by Marie-Sissi Labrèche. This three-part essay focuses first on highlighting references to tragedy in the author's two narratives, in order to show how their heroines Sissi and Kiki are oppressed by the great rhetoric of the official system. Then, parts two and three analyze how Labrèche turns away the tragic by confronting it with various manifestations of comic popular culture, including kitsch, grotesque, ridiculous, carnivalesque and trash.