The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there has been a divergence between the aims of LO and the Social Democratic Party in Sweden during the period 1994–2018. This study also has the purpose of investigating whether this has affected which party the members of LO will vote for in the Swedish elections. The hypothesis of this study is that there has been a divergence between LO and the Social Democratic Party and that the aims differ more in 2018 than they did back in 1994. This is a qualitative text analysis with the purpose of both being descriptive and explanatory. This study is scientifically relevant as it highlights the role of ideology in Swedish politics and how this can affect voter support. It is also interesting for people who are not researchers since this affects Swedish politics and therefore everyone who lives in Sweden. This study shows that there has been a noticeable divergence between the aims of LO and the Social Democratic party in Sweden during the period of 1994–2018. Back in the 1970:s there was also a divergence between the aims of LO and the Social Democratic Party. During the 1970:s, the members of LO to a lesser extent voted for the Social Democratic Party which supports the hypothesis of this study. The hypothesis was correct but the noticeable divergence was not the divergence that was expected since the study showed that LO more and more had switched focus from broad policy areas to labour policy. The answer to the question whether this divergence probably has affected which party the members of LO will vote for or not, is yes. It is very probable that the divergence between LO and the Social Democratic Party has affected which party the members of LO will vote for.

Detta arbete behandlar social kritik, ideologi och ironi i ett urval kåserier i samlingen Harnings bästa droppar (1993), skrivna av författaren och samhällsdebattören Anderz Harning. Kåserierna publicerades ursprungligen i tidningen Dagens Nyheter åren 1982–1992.          Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur Anderz Harnings samhällskritik kommer till uttryck i kåserierna, vilka olika teman och inriktningar kritiken innehåller samt vilka stilistiska verktyg kåsören använder för att framföra sin kritik av det samtida svenska samhället.          De metoder som används i undersökningen har valts utifrån behovet av att kunna analysera såväl innehållet som formen i kåserierna. I innehållsanalysen används retorisk argumentationsanalys, idé- och ideologianalys samt en klassifikationsmodell för ämnessfärer hämtad från Anders Fernbergs avhandling Kåseristil (2004). I analysen av formen görs en stilanalys i form av retorisk textanalys med specifik inriktning mot stilfigurer. För att lyfta fram och klassificera ironi i materialet används också Wayne C. Booths modell för identifikation av ironimarkörer presenterad i A Rhetoric of Irony (1974).          Resultatet av undersökningen visar att Harnings samhällskritik kan delas in i fyra olika teman: sverigekritik, miljökritik, politisk kritik och kulturkritik. Författarens ideologiska tillhörighet går inte att bestämma till något specifikt politiskt parti, men han gör genomgående ett ställningstagande för individualism och mot kollektivism. Hans kritik av socialdemokraterna i samtiden är också mer frekvent än specifik kritik av borgerliga partier. Harning lyfter återkommande fram frågor om makthavares förljugenhet, den hotade yttrandefriheten i det likformiga kontrollsamhället och den enskilda individens kamp för frihet.             Formanalysen visar att kåserierna innehåller både troper och ornament och där ironi är den mest framträdande av troperna. Undersökningen visar också att författaren använder den klassiska retorikens verktyg för argumentation, logos, etos och patos för att påverka läsarens intellekt och känsla och på så sätt framställa sig själv som trovärdig, hederlig och pålitlig.

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Is there a relationship between how one views free will – a concept related to issues of moral responsibility and agency – and one’s political opinions? To answer this question, I constructed a survey based on questions from the SOM Institute’s opinion polls and the FAD-Plus index for measuring free will beliefs. The survey asked a sample of 348 Swedish speakers about their views on free will, political ideology, party preferences, and policy preferences regarding punishment and redistribution. Responses were analyzed through a series of regression models. The results show that a stronger belief in free will is positively correlated with party preference and ideology, with right-leaning voters having a generally stronger sense of free will. Furthermore, the study also finds that stronger belief in free is positively correlated with retributive views on punishment, support for harsher sentencing, and support for capital punishment, while negatively correlated with support for a proposal that the state should increase its efforts to reduce income inequality. The adjusted R2 values of the regression models illustrate that views on free will explain a greater deal of variance in self-assigned ideological placement and party preference than common demographic variables often used to predict political leanings, such as gender, age, income, and education level. The study concludes by pointing out possible directions for future research.

This study examines the introductory texts in the 2018 election manifestos of the eight political parties represented in the Swedish parliament, with the aim of comparing the different views of Swedish society expressed in the texts. The idea that the public political debate in Sweden in recent years have been focused on individual issues rather than ideology forms a starting point for the study. The analysis is based on the term model voter, which is a way of adapting the notion of the so-called model reader to fit this specific study. Critical discourse analysis is used as a theoretical framework, and is discussed in relation to political ideologies and presupposed information in texts. The analysis takes a qualitative approach, in identifying how prominent key words, visual elements and rhetoric patterns are used to persuade the model voter of the party’s message. The model voter is viewed as a representation of each party’s ideology and values, and the different views on Swedish society are described through the eyes of the model voter. The results show that the model voter appears in the texts with a varying degree of clarity, and that they all have characteristics in common as well as characteristics that set them apart. The study concludes that all the model voters see some kind of threat to the development of the Swedish society, but the origin of these threats vary depending on the political party in question. The different natures of these threats are closely connected to the ideology of each party. The study also discusses its results related to the tendency of some election platforms to exclude certain groups of voters in their texts, based on the values and opinions that the model voter is presumed to share with its political party.

Rubrik: Genusrepresentation i Battlefield V – En kritisk diskursanalys av digitala nyhetsartiklarFörfattare: Maria Olson Examensarbete i Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 15 hp, Konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), Fakulteten kultur och samhälle på Malmö universitet, Vårterminen 2020 Handledare: Per Möller Examinator: Tindra Thor Syftet med denna studie är att analysera debatten som inträffade kring den kvinnliga huvudpersonen i Battlefield V under utgivandet av spelets trailer 2018. Med hjälp av en kritisk diskursanalys fokusera på diskurser och genus samt de underliggande maktförhållanden som uttrycks i nyhetsartiklar men även vad detta innebär för den stora sociala praktiken. Resultatet analyserade med genus och feministisk teori indikerar att det finns en maktkamp inom diskursen som kretsar kring den nuvarande kulturella förändringen inom produktionen av spel. För närvarande skapas fler och fler spel med diversifiering, feminism och politik i åtanke, vilket också har lett till ett mothugg för spelindustrin från deras fans. Genom sociala medier sprider fans till spelet en misogyn världsbild som förstärker den giftiga spelkulturens uteslutande av minoriteter. Sökord: Kritisk diskursanalys, Battlefield V, Genus, Nyhetsartiklar, Makt, Ideologi, Hegemoni / Heading: Gender representation in Battlefield V – A critical discourse analysis of digital news articles Author: Maria Olson Final Exam Project in Media and Communication Studies 15 hp, School of Arts and Communication (K3), Faculty of Culture and Society at Malmö University, Spring of 2020 Supervisor: Per Möller Examiner: Tindra Thor The purpose of this study is to analyse the debate that occurred over the female lead character in Battlefield V during the release of the game's trailer in 2018. Using a critical discourse analysis focus on the discourse revolving around gender perception and the underlining power relations that are expressed in the news articles as well as what this entails for the larges social practice. The result analysed with gender, and feminist theory indicates there is a power struggle over the discourse revolving around the current cultural change within the production of games. Currently, more and more games are created with diversity, feminism and politics in mind which has also led to a backlash for the game industry from their fans. Through social media, fan spread a misogynistic view reinforcing the toxic male gaming cultures exclusion of minorities. Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, Battlefield V, Gender, News articles, Power, Ideology, Hegemony

Det finns fåtal studier från det socialpsykiatriska fältet som fokuserar på personalens interaktioner med varandra om sitt arbete. Denna studie undersöker dessa interaktioner på ett personalkontor i ett socialpsykiatriskt trapphusboende. Denna etnografiska studie syftar till att beskriva och kartlägga interrelationen mellan yrkesidentitet och normer inom en arbetsgrupp på ett socialpsykiatriskt trapphusboende. Studiens teoretiska perspektiv utgörs av en uppsättning begrepp från symbolisk interaktionism, främst Goffmans (bakre- och främre regioner och teamframträdande) och Fines (normer och ideologi inom gruppen) som används sensibiliserande i både insamlingen av det empiriska materialet genom sex stycken deltagande observationer och fem informella intervjuer och i analysen av detta material. I resultatet framkommer det att de informella verbala interaktionerna som sker under arbetsdagen, småprat i verksamheten, innehåller olika mängd normerande aspekter. Mängden av dessa påverkas av de olika möjliga personalkombinationerna där den ideologiska överrensstämmelsen mellan två personal följs av ett normerande prat som i sin tur både skapar identifikation i relation till vissa grupperingar och ens känsla om vad som ”man borde göra”.

In November 2020, The European Commission came out with a fact sheet regarding their LGBTI- equality strategy for 2020-2025. This strategy mentions the goal to fight discrimination against LGBTI-people, build a society that includes LGBTI-people, and more. Even if countries are members of the European Union, it is not a guarantee that they embrace every opinion that the European Union have. The same goes for political party groups. There are many aspects in LGBT politics that can vary among the party groups. Everything from which letters should be used, to what the European Union should meddle in and not. The purpose of this thesis is to study the ideological elements that can be found in the European People's Party (EPP), Socialists & Democrats (S&D) and The European Commission concerning their political views on LGBT, then compare the differences and similarities found in the analysis. This is carried out by using different ideologies characteristics and keywords to analyse the material from the different party groups and the equality strategy. The conclusion is that The European Commission's equality strategy has elements from several ideologies, but liberalism and social democracy are the ideologies that are mainly present in the material. In the material representing The European People’s Party, there are only ideological elements present from conservatism/christian democracy, while in the Socialist and Democrats one can find ideological elements from social democracy and socialism. The party groups and the equality strategy had similar opinions about discrimination but had different opinions about how much The European Union should meddle in other member countries laws and if they should be punished.

This study investigates the news media coverage in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter, the two major newspapers in Sweden, surrounding narcotics. We investigate the relationship between the hegemony in Swedish drug-policy and news reporting, to examine whether a larger cultural hegemony can be said to exist. The existence of a larger cultural hegemony depends upon social institutions, such as news media, reproducing the values of a political hegemony. We have chosen a discourse-theoretical framework, where hegemony, ideology and discourse are central concepts. Our theoretical framework also includes broader concepts and theories from the field of journalism studies, such as agenda setting and news values. The study contains both a quantitative and a qualitative analysis, to examine different aspects of news coverage of narcotics. Our methodological approach is based on Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA) and is largely operationalized using Carvalho’s (2008) methodological template, with analytical tools borrowed form Boréus (2005), Cohen (2002) and Christie & Bruun (1985). Our analysis shows that news coverage of narcotics in the second half of 2020 in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter is heavily dominated by crime-reporting, where law enforcement agents and narratives are given great amounts of framing power, which in turn reproduces the hegemonic values of Swedish drug policy, which promotes a juridical discourse in relation to drug-related problems. Previous research has found that Swedish drug policy is largely influenced by moral values rather than scientific research, which reflects our study’s findings of a higher prevalence of a moral discourse over a medical discourse. Lastly, there is an almost total absence of a recreational discourse in our material. These findings demonstrate how the hegemonic values of Swedish drug policy are reflected in the news media, which could point to the existence of a larger cultural hegemony in relation to narcotics in Sweden. However, the qualitative analysis also highlights examples where a high degree of interdiscursivity can be distinguished, which could point to a challenging of hegemonic values in Swedish drug policies.

Människans exploatering av naturen genom sitt handlande är en av de främsta orsakerna till de klimatförändringar som idag drabbar jorden. Vad är det som får människan att rättfärdiga denna exploatering? I denna studie kommer två kärnkomponenter av politisk ideologi: acceptans kontra motsättning till ojämlikhet och motstånd kontra öppenhet till samhällsförändring, undersökas för att se vilken av dessa som bäst kan predicera en individs klimatrelaterade attityder. Studien ämnar även att undersöka om klimatvänliga attityder och beteenden främst beror på individens syn på samhällsförändring eller individens syn på förändring i det egna livet, samt undersöka sambandet mellan klimatvänliga attityder och självrapporterade klimatvänliga beteenden.  Dessa frågor besvarades med hjälp av enkätsvar från 251 individer, och analyserna bestod av korrelations- och regressionsanalyser. Sammanfattningsvis indikerade resultaten att synen på jämlikhet spelar större roll för individens klimatvänliga attityder än vad synen på samhällsförändring gör, att synen på samhällelig förändring är en starkare prediktor för både klimatvänliga attityder och beteenden än vad synen på förändring i det egna livet är, och att kopplingen mellan klimatvänliga attityder och klimatvänliga beteenden är stark i den population som undersöktes i denna studie. Exploratoriska analyser visade dock att syn på jämlikhet predicerar även klimatvänliga beteenden bättre än synen på samhällsförändring. Därmed belägger studien att denna dimension har större betydelse för individens klimatvänlighet överlag.