Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-14T14:54:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luizfernandorodriguespires.pdf: 2677033 bytes, checksum: 4c9b9eef3594e421e616dc5435624493 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-16T13:10:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luizfernandorodriguespires.pdf: 2677033 bytes, checksum: 4c9b9eef3594e421e616dc5435624493 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-16T13:10:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luizfernandorodriguespires.pdf: 2677033 bytes, checksum: 4c9b9eef3594e421e616dc5435624493 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T13:10:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luizfernandorodriguespires.pdf: 2677033 bytes, checksum: 4c9b9eef3594e421e616dc5435624493 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-06 / O objetivo desta presente pesquisa é investigar e analisar “Quais as influências das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação nas Estratégias de Ensino e Aprendizagem de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral”. Tendo como foco buscar compreender a relação entre homem e máquina durante a prática educacional de professores e estudantes de Cálculo. Para isso, partimos da hipótese de que as ocorrências dessas relações possam estar sendo ocasionadas pela disseminação e apropriação das tecnologias digitais perante a sociedade. Nesse âmbito, evidenciase um aprimoramento da forma de realizar operações matemáticas por meio dos aplicativos instalados nos aparelhos móveis. Para compreensão deste questionamento a pesquisa utilizou-se de dois cenários de investigação como procedimentos metodológicos, sendo um formado por entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis professores de Cálculo, com intuito de investigar o que esses professores sabem, pensam e acham sobre sua prática e a técnica de realizar operações matemáticas por meio das influências das TIC. E outro para análise das influências das TIC nas estratégias de aprendizagem dos estudantes, por meio de um questionário on-line. Mediante aos procedimentos e as análises das entrevistas e do questionário, os resultados mostram que foi possível verificar o reconhecimento desses novos instrumentos em meio às estratégias de aprendizagem dos estudantes, mas fora das estratégias dos professores, confirmando que a influência da técnica exposta poderá ou talvez já possa estar sendo mais uma problemática para o ensino e aprendizagem da matemática. Com esta consequência, podemos dizer que a transferência do esforço material e mental para as máquinas retrata uma situação auspiciosa e tem em princípio o valor de libertação ao homem requisitando, neste momento, estudos e pesquisas para que professores possam conhecer e saberem como trabalhar com essas máquinas de calcular para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, de modo a gerar aprendizagens significativas além das atividades procedimentais do somente calcular. / The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze "What are the influences of Information and Communication Technologies in Differential and Integral Calculus Teaching and Learning Strategies". With the aim of understanding the relationship between man and machine during the educational practice of teachers and students of Calculus. For this, we start from the hypothesis that the occurrences of these relations may be caused by the dissemination and appropriation of digital technologies in society. In this context, it is evident an improvement in the way of performing mathematical operations through the applications installed in mobile devices. In order to understand this questioning, the research used two research scenarios as methodological procedures, one consisting of semi-structured interviews with six Calculus teachers, in order to investigate what these teachers know, think and think about their practice and the technique of Mathematical operations through the influences of TIC. And another to analyze the influences of TIC in student learning strategies, through an online questionnaire. Through the procedures and analyzes of the interviews and the questionnaire, the results show that it was possible to verify the recognition of these new instruments in the student learning strategies, but outside of the teachers' strategies, confirming that the influence of the exposed technique may or may not May already be more problematic for the teaching and learning of mathematics. With this consequence, we can say that the transfer of the material and mental effort to the machines portrays an auspicious situation and has in principle the value of liberation to the man requesting, at the moment, studies and researches for teachers to know how to work with these calculating machines for The process of teaching and learning, in order to generate meaningful learning beyond the procedural activities of the only calculate.

Abstract The aim of the study was to describe and analyse access to care and factors relating to access to care theoretically and empirically. Access to care is a theoretical concept, analysed through waiting list lengths categorised by field of special health care. Public health services and related factors, access to care and the disparity between demand and supply are analysed within a theoretical framework. The study is divided into a theoretical and an empirical section. Access to care was studied through a mixed methods approach, based on a two-phase empiric material. The first phase is composed of focus group interviews (N=4). Interviewees were hospital district administrators and medical directors as well as chairpersons of the board and council or their representatives. The interviews were analysed by phenomenographic methods. The second phase is composed of waiting list data collected by THL (N=79) as well as population and prevalence data acquired from SOTKAnet (N=12) for 2008–2010. For 2009–2010, hospital district documents include financial statements (N=16), annual reports (N=23), annual statistics (N=6), personnel reports (N=21) and balance sheet books (N=6). The second phase were statistically analyzed. Results of the study on factors affecting access to care are divided into two themes: 1. challenges related to access to care from the hospital district’s perspective and 2. component factors of the realisation of access to care. Macro-level challenges related to access to care are legislation, politics, regulatory bodies, uniform grounds for non-urgent treatment, Current Care Guidelines recommendations and the connection between access to care, Current Care Guidelines recommendations, uniform grounds for non-urgent treatment, prioritisation and regulations. Meso-level challenges are operative decision-making and organisational operations models, resources, supply-based demand and the chain of treatment. Component factors of the realisation of access to care are the variance in waiting list lengths between different fields; the connection between waiting lists, the population and the hospital district; population size and its prevalence as well as resources and financial factors. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata ja analysoida hoitoon pääsyä ja siihen vaikuttavia tekijöitä teoreettisesti ja empiirisesti. Hoitoon pääsy on teoreettinen käsite, jota analysoidaan erikoisaloittaisten jonojen pituutena. Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä tarkastellaan julkisen terveydenhuollon palveluja ja niihin vaikuttavia tekijöitä, hoitoon pääsyä sekä kysynnän ja tarjonnan epäsuhtaa. Tutkimus jakautuu teoreettiseen ja empiiriseen osaan. Hoitoon pääsyä tutkittiin mixed methods -menetelmällä kaksivaiheisen empiirisen aineiston pohjalta. Ensimmäinen vaihe koostui fokusryhmähaastatteluista (N=4). Haastateltavina olivat SHP:n johtajat ja johtajaylilääkärit sekä SHP:n ky:n valtuuston ja hallituksen puheenjohtajat tai heidän edustajansa. Haastattelut analysoitiin fenomenografisen menetelmän mukaisesti. Toinen vaihe koostui THL:n erikoisaloittaisista jonotiedoista (N=79) ja SOTKAnetistä saaduista väestö- ja sairastavuustiedoista (N=12) vuosilta 2008–2010. Aineistona vuosilta 2009–2010 käytettiin myös SHP:n dokumentteja, joita olivat tilinpäätökset (N=16), vuosi-/toimintakertomukset (N=23), vuositilastot (N=6), henkilöstökertomukset (N=21) ja tasekirjat (N=6). Toinen vaihe analysoitiin tilastollisesti. Tutkimustulokset hoitoon pääsyyn vaikuttavista tekijöistä jakaantuivat kahteen teemaan: 1. hoitoon pääsyn haasteisiin SHP:n näkökulmasta sekä 2. hoitoon pääsyn toteutumisen osatekijöihin. Hoitoon pääsyn haasteita makrotasolla olivat lainsäädäntö, politiikka, STM, THL ja EOA merkityksellisinä tahoina, yhtenäiset kiireettömän hoidon perusteet, Käypä hoito -suositukset sekä hoitoon pääsyn, Käypä hoito -suositusten, yhtenäisten kiireettömän hoidon perusteiden sekä priorisoinnin ja sääntelyn yhteys. Mesotason haasteita olivat operatiivinen päätöksenteko ja organisatoriset toimintamallit, resurssit, tarjontalähtöinen kysyntä ja hoitoketju. Hoitoon pääsyn toteutumisen osatekijöitä ovat erikoisaloittaisten jonojen pituuden vaihtelu, jonojen yhteys väestöön ja SHP:iin, väestön määrä ja sen sairastavuus sekä resurssit ja taloudelliset tekijät.

The dissertation Litteracitet genom interaktion [‘Literacy through Interaction’] spotlights how literacy interaction can work in the primary school’s multilinguistic environments. It investigates conversations that occur in and around teaching about writing. The study material was collected from three different schools from year zero to year three, and special focus is given to what I call literacy chains. These chains are connected by the fact that they all concern a writing assignment that every pupil must complete, which in my material involves the text types narrative, factual text and poem. During the teaching sequences that unfold, there is an interplay of literary events in connection with speech, writing and various artefacts. My main object of inquiry is the interaction that occurs in these literacy chains. The dissertation demonstrates that the teachers’ lessons with the class as a whole lead to fixed conversational patterns, with pupils asked questions that require specific responses. The conversations tend to form either a so-called IRE pattern, where the reader’s initiative for a question demands a given answer in response which is then evaluated by the teacher, or a list pattern, with the pupils filling in answers. In situations involving the whole class, persistent, determined pupils are needed to break into the teacher’s monologue. When persistence wins out, from the pupil’s perspective, pupils can contribute new aspects to these conversations. In small groups and in one-on-one conversations, there are more pupil initiatives, since conversational patterns are not as fixed or predetermined. One key finding is that multilinguistic resources are sometimes made use of even though the schoolwork is usually based on a single-language conversational norm. Yet it is clear that multilingualism is a useful resource regardless of the teacher’s language background. On several occasions, we encounter participants who together construct a multilinguistic environment where languages are interwoven. All three literacy chains provide pupils with clear templates for writing, which determine what the pupils are supposed to do. The writing template in the poem chain serves as support for their writing but is not a straitjacket. This can be compared to the template for the factual text, which includes a copy of the model text. The written language norm of writing properly is communicated in great detail by the teachers to the pupils. Writing properly is not just having good, legible handwriting, but in school the writing norms to be applied in writing assignments are made relevant. On a more general level, the study illustrates that material resources vary in the schools, from green chalkboards to classroom resources that include laptops. However, schoolwork is predicated on paper-based writing. There is built-in stress, since schoolwork is governed by time, with a schedule that determines learning activities down to the minute, with them ending at a precise time. There is a race against time. / Avhandlingen belyser hur litteracitetsinteraktion kan gå till i grundskolans flerspråkiga miljöer. Det handlar om samtal som uppstår i och kring skrivundervisning. Undersökningsmaterialet är insamlat från tre olika skolor inom skolår F-3, och i det materialet är det särskilt det som jag kallar litteracitetskedjor som uppmärksammas. Kedjorna hålls samman av att de berör en gemensam skrivuppgift, som i mitt material handlar om texttyperna berättelse, faktatext och dikt. I de undervisningsförlopp som uppstår samsas litteracitetshändelser knutna till tal, skrift och olika artefakter. Mitt huvudsakliga analysobjekt är interaktionen som uppstår inom litteracitetskedjorna. Avhandlingen visar att lärarnas genomgångar i helklass leder till fasta samtalsmönster genom att de ställer frågor till eleverna som kräver bestämda svar. Samtalen tenderar att bygga antingen på s.k. IRE-mönster, där läsarens frågeinitiativ pockar på ett givet svar som respons, vilket sedan evalueras av läraren, eller på ett listmönster, där elever fyller i svar. I helklassituationer krävs det envisa och målmedvetna elever för att bryta igenom lärarmonologen. Genom att trägen vinner, ur elevperspektiv, kan eleverna bidra med nya aspekter till samtalen. I smågrupper och samtal en mot en förekommer fler elevinitiativ, eftersom samtalsmönstren inte är så fasta och förutbestämda. Ett viktigt resultat är att flerspråkiga resurser ibland tas i bruk, även om skolarbetet oftast bygger på en enspråkig samtalsnorm. Men det är tydligt att flerspråkighet är en användbar resurs oavsett lärarens språkbakgrund. Vi möter vid några tillfällen deltagare som tillsammans konstruerar en flerspråkig miljö där språken flätas ihop. Alla tre litteracitetskedjorna erbjuder elever tydliga skrivmallar, vilket reglerar vad eleverna ska göra. Skrivmallen i diktkedjan fungerar som ett stöd för skrivandet, men ingen tvångströja. Att jämföra med faktatexten där det sker en avskrift av modelltexten. Skriftspråksnormen att skriva fint förmedlas nogsamt av lärarna till eleverna. Skriva fint är inte bara att ha en fin och läsduglig handstil, utan i skolan relevantgörs de normer för skrift som ska tillämpas i skrivuppgifter. På ett mer allmänt plan illustrerar undersökningen att materiella resurser varierar i skolorna från den gröna krittavlan till klassuppsättningar med laptoppar. Skolan stöder sig dock på en pappersbaserad skriftlighet. Det finns en inbyggd stress, för skolarbete är reglerat av tid. Skolan regleras av ett minutbundet tidsschema och de lärande aktiviteterna klipps av utifrån exakta klockslag. Det pågår en kapplöpning med tiden.

[pt] Causa estranheza que as listas de livros de ficção mais vendidos no Brasil, publicadas em jornais e revistas nos últimos anos, sejam frequentadas quase que exclusivamente por autores estrangeiros, especialmente quando observamos que a situação não se repete nas listas de livros de não-ficção: nestas, autores brasileiros são maioria. Onde se encontra a explicação para este fenômeno? Será que os autores nacionais de ficção, com suas histórias e formas narrativas, não conseguem despertar o interesse dos leitores brasileiros como fazem os autores de não-ficção? Ou o problema se encontra nas editoras, que preferem investir em livros com sucesso já testado em outros países? E os leitores: por que preferem a ficção estrangeira? Pesquisa como esta daria um romance policial. E deu... / [en] Causes strangeness that best-selling fiction books lists published in Brazilian newspapers and magazines in the last years are almost exclusively frequented by foreign authors, especially when we observe that the situation doesnt repeat at the lists of no-fiction books. What explains this phenomenon? Will it be that national authors of fiction, with its histories and narrative forms, dont gather Brazilian readers interest, as non-fiction authors does? Or the problem lies on publishers, that prefers to invest in books with success already tested in other countries? And the readers: why do they prefer foreign fiction instead of national? This research intends to analyze the situation and to look for answers to all those subjects. I could write a novel with a research like this. And I did…

Healthcare resources in Sweden are limited, and not everyone that wants care can receive it. Restrictions on access to care are therefore necessary. The restrictions can be implemented in various ways, but in Sweden, waiting lists are used. Waiting lists are often considered a more equitable way to distribute healthcare compared to using prices. Research has however shown that these waiting lists sometimes lead to inequalities, where, for example, higher income is associated with shorter waiting times. We study the relationship between socioeconomic status and waiting times for elective care in Region Östergötland during the period 2018-2023. Linear regression analysis is used to study this link. The overall delivery of care appears equal, but the specialty of Ophthalmology shows disparities in waiting times related to socioeconomic factors. A more detailed analysis also shows that the relationship varies depending on the length of the waiting time within Ophthalmology / Hälso- och sjukvårdens resurser i Sverige är knappa och alla som vill ha vård kan inte få det. Begränsningar i tillgången till vård är således ett måste. Det kan ske på flera olika sätt men i Sverige används vårdköer för detta. Köer anses ofta vara ett mer jämlikt sätt att fördela vård än att använda priser. Det finns dock studier som visar att dessa vårdköer ibland leder till ojämlikheter, där exempelvis högre inkomst är kopplat till kortare väntetider. Vi studerar sambandet mellan socioekonomisk status och väntetid till elektiv kirurgi i Region Östergötland under 2018-2023. Linjär regressionsanalys används för att analysera sambandet. Resultaten visar att vården i stor utsträckning levereras på ett jämlikt sätt. Det existerar dock ojämlikheter inom specialistområdet Ögonsjukvård kopplat till socioekonomisk status. En mer detaljerad analys visar även att sambandet varierar beroende på väntetidens längd inom Ögonsjukvård.

This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual. To accomplish these goals, the thesis uses archaeological data from excavations and surveys, texts from the Late Bronze Age, human skeletal remains from Late Bronze Age burials, demographic and ethnographic studies of various types of nomads, and methods, techniques, and observations from previous relevant studies. The primary objectives are to 1) obtain individual settlement, nomadic, and total population estimates for Canaan in the Late Bronze Age that are as accurate as possible based on the currently available data, along with additional demographic estimates of life expectancy and sex ratio, 2) propose a new methodology for estimating settlement populations in the ancient world, 3) present a catalogue and map of all of the sites in Canaan that were inhabited during the Late Bronze Age, 4) illuminate demographic trends during the Late Bronze Age in Canaan. The implications of the results may lead to a modified demographic view of Canaan and its sub-regions during the Late Bronze Age. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Archaeology)

A partir des trajectoires Béninoises et Tchadiennes, cette thèse vise à faire la démonstration qu’il existe une volonté des acteurs politiques pour consolider la démocratie à travers l’existence du contentieux électoral. Cette volonté s’est traduite par l’érection des mécanismes normatifs et institutionnels en charge de gérer les conflits électoraux issus des élections plurielles, libres et acceptables tenues jusque-Là. Mais la mise en œuvre du contentieux électoral a révélé des limites. Au titre normatif, les limites visent les lacunes contenues dans les lois électorales (imprécision des lois, inflation législative, l’inexistence de fichier électoral crédible, méconnaissance de la loi électorale, etc). Au niveau institutionnel, elles pointent les dysfonctionnements des institutions en charges du contentieux électoral (articulation des compétences, la forte politisation, installation tardive, déficit d’autonomie fonctionnelle et financière).Par ailleurs, la thèse pointe la nécessite qu’il y a pour le Bénin et le Tchad de disposer d’un système de fichier électoral fiable et sécuriser, de constitutionnaliser les commissions électorales, d’œuvre pour l’éducation citoyenne afin de rendre plus dynamique l’apport du contentieux électoral dans la consolidation démocratique. / From Benin and Chad trajectories, this thesis aims to demonstrate that there is a willingness of politicians to consolidate democracy through the existence of electoral disputes. This commitment has resulted in the erection of the normative and institutional mechanisms loads manage electoral disputes arising pluralistic, free and acceptable elections held so far. But the implementation of electoral disputes revealed limitations.Under normative, limits are designed for the gaps contained in the electoral laws (imprecise laws, legislative inflation, lack of credible electoral register, ignorance of the electoral law, etc). Institutionally, they point dysfunctional institutions in charge of electoral disputes (coordination skills, high political involvement, late starting, and lack of functional and financial autonomy). Moreover, the thesis points out the need for Benin and Chad to have a reliable and secure voter registration system, to constitutionalize the electoral boards and contractors for civic education in order to make it more dynamic the contribution of electoral disputes in democratic consolidation.

This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual. To accomplish these goals, the thesis uses archaeological data from excavations and surveys, texts from the Late Bronze Age, human skeletal remains from Late Bronze Age burials, demographic and ethnographic studies of various types of nomads, and methods, techniques, and observations from previous relevant studies. The primary objectives are to 1) obtain individual settlement, nomadic, and total population estimates for Canaan in the Late Bronze Age that are as accurate as possible based on the currently available data, along with additional demographic estimates of life expectancy and sex ratio, 2) propose a new methodology for estimating settlement populations in the ancient world, 3) present a catalogue and map of all of the sites in Canaan that were inhabited during the Late Bronze Age, 4) illuminate demographic trends during the Late Bronze Age in Canaan. The implications of the results may lead to a modified demographic view of Canaan and its sub-regions during the Late Bronze Age. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Archaeology)

Many researchers (e.g., Nation, 2001, 2015; Schmitt, 2000) have recognized the importance of vocabulary learning in second language (L2) or additional language (AL) acquisition. The strong effects of lexical and background knowledge on L2reading comprehension have similarly been found in various studies (e.g., Hu & Nation, 2000; Rokni & Hajilari, 2013). In the case of Japanese language, the opportunities for acquiring the lexical and background knowledge associated with Japanese history and culture, especially traditional culture, are scant, because only a small number of Japanese pedagogical materials deal minimally with these topics. Meanwhile, many learners are motivated to study Japanese because of their interest in Japanese history and culture, according to a survey conducted by the Japan Foundation in 2012. This project aimed to increase the opportunities for learning Japanese history and traditional culture through the development of new pedagogical materials based on kabuki, and then the empirical evaluation of the developed pedagogical materials. Nine Chinese-as-a-first-language Japanese learners at the upper-intermediate level participated in the nine-week online course, including the pre- and post-course tests in the first and last weeks. Employing a multi-method research approach, the study examined the changes in learners’ lexical and background knowledge related to Japanese history and culture, their reading comprehension, and their interest in kabuki. Four kinds of multiple-choice tests were administered to collect the quantitative data. In addition, the qualitative data were gathered through the pre- and post-course questionnaires and post-course individual interviews. Overall, the findings indicated that almost all participants increased their background knowledge of kabuki, as well as their vocabulary related to kabuki and general theatrical performances. The results in other areas, such as historical vocabulary, vocabulary depth, reading comprehension, and historical background knowledge were mixed. Further, concerning the depth of vocabulary knowledge, it was found that the learning of vocabulary depth was more difficult than learning of vocabulary breadth. Likewise, the knowledge of use, such as collocations and register constraints, was found to be more difficult to learn than other aspects of vocabulary depth. The participants’ reports in the post-course questionnaire and individual interviews showed that most participants seemed to have increased their interest in kabuki. Overall, the first-of-their-kind developed pedagogical materials contributed to the development of lexical and background knowledge, specifically knowledge associated with Japanese traditional culture and history. This study may provide a model for an evidence-based approach to the development of pedagogical materials that practitioners can adopt or adapt. / Graduate

Is it important that a player can navigate easily through a level? To get the answer ten participants were tested during a short play-session of a game made for the study. By looking at prior research, themes could be found that were all common. To learn the player to recognize what a goal looks like, to get the player to understand what the goal is. That the player can navigate to the goal and that the level should have flow is also important. This study shows that what earlier research suggests seems to have merit. Of all participants that played the game, almost everyone that played where navigational techniques were implemented spoke of how they felt certain in where to go.