<p>Summary</p><p>At the start of my employment at the Swedish National social insurance office I was a bit confused because there were two categories which I defined as belonging to the same category (working handicapped) but it wasn’t so. The persons I where going to meet was defined as having incapacity to work and therefore, they were defined as not standing to the labour markets conversion. They were defined as being to sick for being at the labour market. </p><p>The aim of this work is to shed light on what grounds a decision concerning a person which will be categorized as incapable of working and looking at the categorized person’s status. At the same time look if the statuses are marred to similarities or differences with the group of persons which are categorized as working handicapped defined through the definition according to enactment 2000:630 which is on of the Swedish Labour Market Board’s (AMS) laws for the Swedish labour market politic. </p><p>The way the author Mikael Holmqvist describes parts of his empiric in his book (2005): “Samhall, att bli normal i en onormal organisation” found an astonishing resemblance with my own experiences. I decided that Holmqvists book could fill a very important role in my work. To shedding more light over my question I looked very briefly on statistics concerning people with different impaired bodily functions from Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB), statistics from the National social insurance office (Försäkringskassan), and statistics from the project I was working in - FUNAKTIVA.</p><p>My theoretical perspective is in the intersection between human’s possibility to decide or not decide his/her own shape. Therefore I have chosen a role theoretical perspective. Talcott Parsons classical theory of the sick role is widely used, therefore I also used it. I also use Deborah Stones theory of explaining politics of disablement from the development of the western industrialism. </p><p>To reach some answers for my aim of the subject I have used a case method. I have analyzed five cases. I have found that my procedure for collecting data is most likely to conform to an ethnographic perspective. Conceptions for the analytical work are mostly done with the help of Pierre Bourdieu and parts of his conceptions. My empiric for this work are from journals from my work, different kind of conversations with persons in my daily work, different organizations, there are also three interviews which I had done with part of my empirics. My intention to compare the group which was defined as working handicapped with the group that I met which was defined as retarded/pensioned or incapable of working take place with Mikael Holmqvist study and my own practical experience. </p><p>The statement in the summary of the analysis is that I found an obvious perspective of conflict between the status of the persons´ when they where administrated within the Social insurance office and the local employment office as sick and the opinion that the persons in the empiric had of themselves. I also found out that there is an obvious perspective of conflict between the persons will to study and/or work and what the systems says that they are capable of doing.</p><p>The empiric shows that none of the persons were given topical interest to any of the roles in the system of work (working-handicapped and the different ways of employee one can be with the help of the code working-handicapped).</p>

Summary At the start of my employment at the Swedish National social insurance office I was a bit confused because there were two categories which I defined as belonging to the same category (working handicapped) but it wasn’t so. The persons I where going to meet was defined as having incapacity to work and therefore, they were defined as not standing to the labour markets conversion. They were defined as being to sick for being at the labour market. The aim of this work is to shed light on what grounds a decision concerning a person which will be categorized as incapable of working and looking at the categorized person’s status. At the same time look if the statuses are marred to similarities or differences with the group of persons which are categorized as working handicapped defined through the definition according to enactment 2000:630 which is on of the Swedish Labour Market Board’s (AMS) laws for the Swedish labour market politic. The way the author Mikael Holmqvist describes parts of his empiric in his book (2005): “Samhall, att bli normal i en onormal organisation” found an astonishing resemblance with my own experiences. I decided that Holmqvists book could fill a very important role in my work. To shedding more light over my question I looked very briefly on statistics concerning people with different impaired bodily functions from Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB), statistics from the National social insurance office (Försäkringskassan), and statistics from the project I was working in - FUNAKTIVA. My theoretical perspective is in the intersection between human’s possibility to decide or not decide his/her own shape. Therefore I have chosen a role theoretical perspective. Talcott Parsons classical theory of the sick role is widely used, therefore I also used it. I also use Deborah Stones theory of explaining politics of disablement from the development of the western industrialism. To reach some answers for my aim of the subject I have used a case method. I have analyzed five cases. I have found that my procedure for collecting data is most likely to conform to an ethnographic perspective. Conceptions for the analytical work are mostly done with the help of Pierre Bourdieu and parts of his conceptions. My empiric for this work are from journals from my work, different kind of conversations with persons in my daily work, different organizations, there are also three interviews which I had done with part of my empirics. My intention to compare the group which was defined as working handicapped with the group that I met which was defined as retarded/pensioned or incapable of working take place with Mikael Holmqvist study and my own practical experience. The statement in the summary of the analysis is that I found an obvious perspective of conflict between the status of the persons´ when they where administrated within the Social insurance office and the local employment office as sick and the opinion that the persons in the empiric had of themselves. I also found out that there is an obvious perspective of conflict between the persons will to study and/or work and what the systems says that they are capable of doing. The empiric shows that none of the persons were given topical interest to any of the roles in the system of work (working-handicapped and the different ways of employee one can be with the help of the code working-handicapped).

The main purpose of this qualitative study was to describe clients’ descriptions of the professional role case manager and how it relates to the job description provided from a project in which both case managers and clients were participating. Both what case managers do and are expected to do were explored. The project involved case management in the purpose to strengthen and enhance the care and quality of life for clients who are dually diagnosed. Interviews were conducted with five clients and the result was analyzed with theoretical concepts from role theory. The clients’ descriptions of the case manager corresponded fairly well to the job description and former studies that have captured client descriptions. The role of the case manager was described as being available, flexible, outreach oriented, motivating, supportive, committed, giving immediate assistance and doing a lot of tasks. Furthermore as someone who activates the clients, goes by car, represents, clarifies, co-ordinates and should work professionally and individual-based.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka socialtjänstens perspektiv på hur föräldrar förändrar sina roller för att på bästa sätt kunna ta sitt föräldraansvar efter en separation, speciellt om en förälder brister i sin omsorg kring barnet och hur socialtjänsten ser på sin roll i den processen. Vi har genomfört tre fokusgruppsintervjuer; en barnutredningsgrupp och två grupper från familjerätten. Alla enheter vi besökte ligger i Stockholm. Respondenterna har i fokusgrupperna fått reflektera och diskutera sina uppfattningar kring temana föräldraansvar, oro kring den andre förälderns förmåga, roller i och kring familjen samt socialtjänstens roll. Vårt resultat har analyserats med hjälp av rollteorin och mentaliseringsbegreppet. Resultatet visade att i omskapandet av föräldrarollerna efter separation är samarbete samt att minimera konflikter mellan föräldrar grundläggande. I de fall socialtjänsten är i kontakt med föräldrarna så har även de en roll i föräldraansvaret, de strävar efter att vägleda föräldrarna mot ett fullgott ansvarstagande och se till att föräldrarna behåller barnperspektivet med barnets behov i fokus. Om en förälder har förmågan att mentalisera en annan människas situation och ser dennes behov så underlättar det omskapandet av föräldrarollen efter separation precis som det vidare underlättar om föräldrar har en fungerande kommunikation mellan varandra. Den roll som är mest komplex enligt oss är den som en orolig förälder har kring barnets vistelse hos den andra föräldern. Oavsett hur relationen till den andre är så ligger det i bådas ansvar att alltid säkerställa att barnet har det bra och inte far illa. / The purpose of this paper is to examine the perspective of the Swedish social services with regard to how parents change their roles in order to best take parental responsibility following separation. We particularly examine the perspective of the social services with regard to cases in which a parent has shortcomings in his or her care of the child and how the social services view their own role in this process. We conducted three focus group interviews: one involving a child protection investigation group and two involving family law groups. All of the units visited were in Stockholm, Sweden. The respondents in the focus groups were asked to reflect and discuss their views on the themes of parental responsibility, concern about the other parent’s capacity, roles in and involving the family, and the role of the social services. Our results were analysed using role theory and the concept of mentalisation. The results showed that in changing parental roles following separation, cooperation and minimising conflict between parents is fundamental. In cases in which the social services have contact with the parents, they too have a role in parental responsibility since they endeavour to guide the parents towards taking an adequate level of responsibility and ensure that the parents maintain a children’s perspective in which the needs of the child are in focus. If a parent has the ability to mentalise another person’s situation and see his or her needs, the changing of the parental role following separation is facilitated. Likewise, it also is beneficial if parents are able to communicate with each other. The role that is most complex, in our view, is that of a concerned parent with regard to the child staying with the other parent. Regardless of the nature of their relationship, it is the responsibility of both parents to always ensure that the child receives adequate care and does not come to harm.

I arbetslivet har första linjens chefer haft stora inslag av direkt ledarskap med en traditionellt hög närvaro hos de underställda. Studier visar på en ökad andel administrativa, ekonomiska och personalledande uppgifter för första linjens chefer som får till följd en minskad delaktighet i den dagliga verksamheten men också sämre möjligheter att motivera sin underställda, vilket negativt påverkar verksamheten. I Försvarsmakten har administrativa uppgifter som tidigare genomfördes högre upp i organisationen flyttats till en lägre nivå. Uppsatsens syfte är att öka förståelsen för och kunskapen om plutonchefens arbetssituation efter införandet av anställda soldater och den delegerade arbetsgivarrollen till plutonchefen. Studiens fokus är på plutonchefens avvägning mellan deltagandet i underställdas verksamhet för att utöva direkt ledarskap kontra att genomföra bl.a. personaladministration. I studien används rollteori från socialpsykologin som analysmodell, med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning och litteratur om första linjens chefer och Försvarsmaktens ledarskapsmodell. Inledningsvis beskrivs Försvarsmaktens ”utsända” rollförväntning, därefter inhämtas plutonchefens upplevda arbetssituation och rollförväntning med en enkät till 141 plutonchefer (90 svar). Slutligen jämförs rollförväntningarna med varandra samt med teorin.  I empirin framkommer att plutonchefernas situation är pressad där upplevda tvingande administrativa arbetsuppgifter prioriteras före direkt ledarskap. Hälften (48 %) av plutoncheferna deltar i underställdas verksamhet mindre än 20 % av sin arbetstid och endast 20 % av plutoncheferna använder mindre än 20 % av arbetstiden till administration av underställda. Resultatet antyder att det finns en skillnad i rollförväntningar på plutonchefen mellan Försvarsmakten och plutoncheferna själva, främst kopplat till faktorn överbelastning av arbetsuppgifter samt yrkesrollidentiteten.

Den somaliskfödda gruppen beskrivs ofta som den mest svårintegrerade i Sverige med en stor underrepresentation på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. De beskrivs ha traditionella värderingar och könsroller som ofta dikterar arbetsfördelning och funktioner i familjen. Den aktuella studien ämnar undersöka effekten av ett förvärvsarbete för somaliska familjeroller i ett migrationsperspektiv. Genom att jämföra lönearbetande och arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnors upplevelser avser studien även belysa förvärvsarbetets betydelse för kvinnans vardagsliv. Uppsatsen bygger på tidigare forskning om de historiska, sociala och transnationella dimensionerna i somaliskt familjeliv och kultur samt teoretiska begrepp såsom rollkonflikt, rollförändring och rollförhandling. En kvalitativ jämförande fallstudie har genomförts, där resultatet baseras på data från semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta respondenter deltog i undersökningen, varav fyra var förvärvsarbetande och fyra arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnor. Med utgångspunkt från tidigare forskning och samhällsvetenskapens rollteori har resultatet analyserats för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. I resultatet framkommer det att det finns vissa skillnader mellan de båda grupperna. De somaliska familjerna där kvinnorna inte befinner sig i ett förvärvsarbete har en distinkt uppdelning av hushållsarbetet, där kvinnan står för majoriteten av sysslorna. Det är även tydligt att de traditionella somaliska familjerollerna fortfarande vidmakthålls. I de familjer där de somaliskfödda kvinnorna lönearbetar däremot, har de traditionella familjerollerna uppluckrats och lett till en mer jämlik fördelning av hushållsarbetet. Där delar mannen, kvinnan och barnen på ansvaret. Fortsättningsvis framkommer det att de arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnorna är mycket angelägna om att ha ett arbete då självständighet från stat och myndigheter är drivkraften. För de lönearbetande kvinnorna framkommer istället ett tydligare fokus på att vara självständig från mannen och kunna bestämma mer i familjeangelägenheter. Resultatet visar även hur samhällets förväntningar på kvinnorna har påverkat deras drivkrafter till att arbeta och sätt att tänka om sin funktion i familjen. / Somali-born immigrants are often described as the most difficult group to integrate into Swedish society with an extensive underrepresentation on the Swedish labour market as well as traditional values and gender roles that often dictate the division of labour and functions in the family. This study aims to examine the effects of a job on Somali family roles from a migration perspective. By comparing wage-earning and unemployed Somali-born women's experiences, the study also aspires to elucidate the importance of a job in their everyday life. The essay is based on previous research on the historical, social and transnational dimensions of Somali family life and culture, as well as theoretical concepts such as role conflict, role change and role negotiation. A qualitative comparative case study has been conducted, based on data from semi-structured interviews. Eight respondents participated in the survey – four employed and four unemployed women born in Somalia. The results were then analyzed in the light of previous research and the theoretical concepts. The result shows that there are some interesting differences between the two groups. The Somali families in which the women are unemployed have a distinct division of the household work, where the woman assumes the majority of the workload. Here it is also clear that traditional Somali family roles are still of importance. However, in the families where the Somali-born women have employment, traditional family roles have changed and led to a more even distribution of household work, where the men, women and children share the responsibility. Furthermore, it appears that the unemployed Somali-born women are very keen to have a job, as independence from the state and government is a main driving force. For the wage-earners on the other hand, there is a clearer focus on being independent from the man and being able to be a decision-maker in family matters. The result also illustrates how society's expectations on women influence their driving forces to work and the way they think about their role in the family.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether young people with neuropsychiatric disabilities feel that they have a spiritual longing. The research questions are also about what young people experience that which their spiritual longing is expressed and what conditions and obstacles exist to meet their longing and needs. With the help of role theory, language theory, and the theory of the illusionist world, new knowledge about young people's spiritual longing is gained.   The essay uses a qualitative method and collects empirical data by having two (2) group interviews, the first was with key people who are active in the business. And the second interview was with some young people who are active in the same business. With the help of the key people, broader knowledge has been achieved. By interviewing young people, their spiritual longing has been identified.   The essay shows that young people have a spiritual longing and that it must be allowed to take place and be taken seriously. The young people and the key people show signs that a language and an expression of spiritual longing is something that needs to be explored and developed. The essay concludes that young people have a spiritual longing and there are good conditions for further development, but more knowledge is needed when dealing with young people and their spiritual longing. The Church of Sweden has come a long way on its journey to a community, but there are still unexplored paths to follow.

Begging as a phenomenon has again become a hot topic of debate both in the public and the media. Actions have been discussed and motions have been given to social authorities in the country. During the last two years people from other parts of Europe who engage in street begging have been seen on the streets of Kristianstad. The purpose of this paper is to find out the individuals, certain authorities and other participants experiences of people begging in public places in Kristianstad. We have used a combination of qualitative, quantitative and literature review method and we have a social constructionist perspective as a basis. The participants and authorities we have included in the study are the police, the social services, security guards, a shop owner and two other assistance agencies. Interviews have been carried out with participants and authorities, and a survey has been done by individuals. A series of articles and history books have been reviewed since the begging is a historical phenomenon as well as a contemporary. The results show a clear division into two camps regarding experiences and opinions about street beggars and begging as a phenomenon. The majority expresses dissatisfaction and many propose measures and actions. Our final discussion is marked by our own thoughts and values ​​that emerged during the work, which we tried to moderate through the rest of the essay. / Tiggeri som fenomen har på nytt blivit ett hett ämne för debatt både för allmänhet och i media. Åtgärder har diskuterats och motioner om förbud lämnas till socialnämnder i landet. I Kristianstad har det under de senaste två åren kommit personer hit från andra delar av Europa som ägnar sig åt gatutiggeri. Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på privatpersoners, vissa myndigheters och andra aktörers uppfattning av personer som tigger på offentlig plats i Kristianstad. Vi har använt oss av en kombination av kvalitativ, kvantitativ och litteraturstudie som metod och vi har ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv som grund. De aktörer och myndigheter vi tagit med i undersökningen är polis, socialtjänst, vakter, butiksägare och två andra biståndsverksamheter. Intervjuer har gjorts med aktörerna och myndigheterna och en enkätundersökning har gjorts med privatpersoner. En rad artiklar och historieböcker har gåtts igenom då tiggeri ju är ett historiskt fenomen såväl som ett nutida. Resultatet visar på en klar uppdelning i två läger gällande uppfattningar och åsikter om gatutiggare och tiggeri som fenomen. Majoriteten uttrycker ett missnöje och många föreslår åtgärder och insatser. Vår slutdiskussion präglas av våra egna tankar och värderingar som framkommit under arbetets gång, vilka vi försökt tona ner i resten av uppsatsen.

The purpose of this study has been to examine and analyze school counselors’ experience of collaboration with other professions in the student health team and the preconditions for their work. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with six elementary-, and two high school student counselors in a medium-sized town in Sweden. The theoretical approach being used is: role theory, theory of professions and theory about collaboration. The study´s result shows that the school counselors’ experience an unclarity in their job assignments and their role is often described as diffuse and vauge. Furthermore, the result also shows that personality, different perspectives, education, lack of time, resources and confidentiality is affecting their possibility to execute an independent professional social work in the student health team. This study also shows that the school counselors valuate collaboration. A opportunity that sometimes is being obstructed through the different perspectives as compared to the other professions in the student health team, and therefore affects their experience of collaboration.

No description available.