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數位內容著作權管理之研究-以線上學習(e-learning)為例林煜程 Unknown Date (has links)
網際網路的出現對我們的生活造成了重大的改變,我們面臨的是一個全新的世界。不論是工作模式、娛樂型態皆產生極大的變化,那網際網路下一步是什麼?思科系統執行長 錢伯斯(John Chambers)告訴了我們一個答案:「網際網路中成長最巨,而日後也會證實是促進變革的最大動力,就是e-learning。」數位科技使得內容變成了「數位內容」,帶來了相當多的便利,但同時也帶來了許多的改變,不論是產業面、科技面、法律面或是管理面,皆須面臨新的挑戰與新的議題。
本研究除了二手資料的收集外,並針對e-learning個案公司做深入的訪談,從資源、著作權、數位課程開發流程等構面進行探討研究,分析歸納出e-learning業者如何進行數位課程的管理,以及既有資源是否影響其數位課程管理策略,並且對於e-learning公司在經營數位課程所會遭遇到的著作權議題進行初步的研究與探索。本研究的研究目的如下:
一、探討e-learning業者數位課程管理模式。
二、探討e-learning業者既有資源與數位課程管理間的關係。
三、探討數位課程的開發流程與著作權相關之議題。
四、探討數位課程著作權管理模式。
本研究架構乃先由個案訪談的結果收集個案公司所擁有的既有資源、數位課程開發流程以及數位課程管理方式,且藉由資源基礎論中對於資源的運用方式,分析解構個案公司其數位課程管理策略。而後以既有資源研究其對數位課程管理策略之影響,與以著作權的觀點探討數位課程開發流程中,所產生的著作權議題,並將兩者所得之結論,加以整合描繪出數位課程著作權管理模式。本研究引用經營策略與資源基礎論等相關文獻,來探討e-learning業者如何進行管理數位課程。本研究主要在說明所觀察現象的具體意義,而非嚴謹的在驗證變數間的因果關係,屬於探索性研究,故採定性研究之「個案研究」法,以個案訪談和次級資料蒐集的方式來瞭解企業實際運作情形。
本研究所得之結論如下:
在課程素材取得階段,課程素材取得策略有內尋策略、外尋策略。著作權議題則為與課程素材提中者簽訂課程素材授權(讓與)契約、課程素材著作權的保證。
在數位課程取得階段,數位課程取得策略有自製策略、委製策略、取得授權策略、買斷策略。著作權議題則為與數位課程開發人員進行數位課程著作權歸屬契約的簽訂、對數位課程開發人員進行著作權的教育。
在數位課程運用階段,數位課程運用策略有內訓策略、教學策略、委用策略、 賣斷策略。著作權管理議題則有與數位課程使用者進行契約的簽訂、數位課程其著作類型是多媒體著作、數位課程著作權保護方式的進行。
而個案公司在面臨數位課程時所採行的事業策略則有核心策略、合作策略、專業代製策略、通路策略。
此外,根據研究發現得知,個案公司在進行e-learning之前所擁有的既有資源,會影響個案公司各階段所採行的數位課程管理策略。
而在其他發現,在外部經營問題主要為市場需求不足,而內部經營問題則為教師合作意願不高、缺乏跨領域專業課程企畫人才、缺乏整合性業務人員。 / The rise of internet has changed people’s life style dramatically. Nowadays, we are facing a whole new world. E-learning is considered as the star of the next century. Even John Chambers once mentioned that “the next big killer application for the Internet is going to be education.” Digital technique has digitalized the existing contents. Internet does not only deliver much convenience, however, internet related topics are also conducted and challenged from the perspectives of industry, law, and management.
The objective of this thesis is to examine
1) The general framework for e-learning management model,
2) The relationship between the primarily resources and the management on e-learning,
3) The instructional development process for e-learning and its related copyright issues, and
4) Management model for copyrights on digital contents.
The method of this research is primarily based on case study, six e-learning related companies. The interviews with the e-learning companies have contributed the great insights about the information of company resources, development process of digital content, and the modes of content management. Furthermore, collected information from the interviews has been analyzed about how original resources affect the digital content management strategy and the copyright issues in the development process of digital content.
This study has found that there are four stages: Instructional material acquisition, digitalized course acquisition, digital course application stage, and business Strategy.
In the Instructional material acquisition stage, the strategies of acquiring the instructional materials for e-learning is in-house finding, outsourcing or both. Licensing contracts and guarantees on course materials become an important issue when dealing with the material providers.
In the digitalized course acquisition step, the strategies are self-manufacture, out-source manufacture, copyright acquisition, and buying copyright. The copyright issues are discussed and contracted between company and digital engineers, and in general, the company is responsible for the digital engineers.
In the digital course application stage, the strategies are training, teaching, licensing, and selling. The copyright issues are discussed and contracted between company and digital content users. One should notice that the digital contents belong to multi-media.
Moreover, in the final stage, core business, collaboration, ODM, channeling are the business strategies that the companies use for e-learning applications.
In additional findings, this study found that market demand is the primary problem of e-learning environment, and there are three major problems within the e-learning companies: the motivations of the teachers, the lack of cross boundary-expertise and integrated business manager.
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電視新聞採用非自採影片之研究 / A study on the use of TPV (Third Party Video) materials by TV news林佳慧, Lin, Chia Hui Unknown Date (has links)
數位時代社群媒體的應用,大大改寫媒體生態,21世紀初接連發生在北非、中東的抗議活動,Facebook、Twitter等社群媒體更發揮重要傳播作用,甚至成為政治運動的催化劑,國內外各大新聞組織也開始將這些被社交媒體平台大量分享、轉發的用戶生成內容 (UGC, User-generated content)重製後進行傳播,尤其是發生抗爭等社會運動、人為或意外現場等事件,因為時效性的關係,記者不能第一時間趕到,目擊者手機拍攝的影片或現場監視錄影器的畫面,往往成為重要新聞素材。
對於國內外新聞組織尤其是電視台來說,動態影片更同時具有吸引力與新聞說服力,新聞機構如何使用UGC資源,及其日漸普及的趨勢,則同時引發正反兩方意見,除了樂見其協助社會問題發聲,擴展公民參與,甚至打破新聞編輯室權威,讓媒體更加民主化之外;另方面卻也擔心降低新聞標準,尤其截稿時間,更增加電視台新聞記者判斷影片真偽的求證壓力,過度使用也可能造成媒體過度依賴社群媒體資源,瑣碎化的UGC甚至戕害新聞公共領域的發展。
本研究試圖剖析電視新聞使用來自目擊者或網友的第三方影音素材(TPV, third party video)的頻率與原因,研究分成兩步驟,首先選舉一家地面電視台一個月的prime time新聞,作為研究樣本,進行內容分析,以量化研究分析電視新聞如何應用TPV素材,研究樣本數共1825則;同時以質化研究中的深度訪談,訪問該電視台的文字、攝影記者,以及新聞室負責調度的大編輯台主管與編輯共九人,透過量化與質化的研究方法,來探究電視台採用TPV素材的動機、意願、標準與目的。 / The media ecology has been rewritten to a great extent by the application of social media in the digital age. In the 21st century, social media has even become a catalyst of social movements as Facebook and Twitter play an important role in disseminating the news on protests which commonly take place in North Africa and the Middle East. In fact, large news organizations at home and abroad have begun to reproduce and broadcast User-generated contents (UGC) that are greatly shared and forwarded on the social media. This applies especially to incidents such as social movements, including protests, and accidents. The video taken by an eye-witness’ mobile phone or the recording of an on-site surveillance camera has often become important news material due to timeliness of the news and the fact that reporters cannot arrive at the scene on time.
According to foreign and domestic news agencies, especially TV stations, video is both appealing and persuasive as news materials. The growing popularity of UGC and the approach to make use of such resources have led the emergence of positive and negative viewpoints. It would be delightful to see the voicing-out of social problems through UGC since it could increase citizen participation. UGC could even lead to a breakthrough from pressroom authority, thus creating a more democratic media. However, UGC could also lower the news standard especially when there’s a deadline to meet. Furthermore, it could pile pressure on news reporters as they try to determine the authenticity of the video. The excessive use of UGC could lead to the media’s over-reliance on social media resources. The fragmentary nature of UGC could also be harmful to the development of news media at the public domain.
The study attempted to analyze the purpose behind a TV station’s adoption of eyewitness/netizen-provided third-party video (TPV), as well as its frequency of use. The study was divided into two steps. First, research samples for content analysis were collected through a selection of one month’s worth of news reports that were broadcasted by a terrestrial station at prime time. A total of 1825 samples were studied through quantitative research and analysis with regard to the application of TPV by TV news. At the same time, in order to explore a TV station’s motivation, willingness, standard and the purpose in applying TPV, qualitative research was conducted through an in-depth interview with nine representatives from the TV station. This group included journalists, cameramen, editors and seniors who were responsible for ordering daily news in the Newsrooms.
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中共報紙廣告內容及趨勢之分析齊 怡, GI-YI Unknown Date (has links)
曾被中共視為「資本主義的欺詐手段」、「非生產性的剝削」的廣告事業,自一九七
九中共黨十一屆三中全會後,起了一場「靜默的革命」。此後又隨著廣告公司、廣告
協會的成立以及廣告管理暫行條例的頒布,中共的廣告業有了更蓬勃的發展。
本研究乃針對此以人民日報、南方日為分析對象,探究一九七九年至一九八五年,中
共報紙廣告在廣告主的國別、實體性質、廣告目的、商品類別以及廣告內容中訴求方
式、訴求對象、訴求層次和廣告表現的概況,並進一步對這七年來演變,做一趨勢性
的描述分析。
本論文共分六章十七節。前兩章講述緒論並做若干文獻探討;後續三章則先論及研究
方法,再就研究結果進行分析;末章做一總結並就本論文提出檢討與建議,約六萬餘
字。
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新青年雜誌內容之研究郭武平, Guo, Wu-Ping Unknown Date (has links)
民國四年陳獨秀創辦的「新青年」雜誌,是中國文學史和思想史上,劃分一個時代
的刊物。本論文係先敘明陳獨秀發行該刊時的歷史背景、時代思潮、和演變經過,
再對「新青年」的作品內容,分為新文學運動、民主科學與傳統、西方沁潮的引介
,三個專題來分析,並強調該刊發行主旨和方向的改變,最後成為中共機關宣傳刊
物,另對該刊作者言論暨作品亦做一統計分析,最後對「新青年」帶給近代中國思
想上、文學上、社會上、政治上的影響,做一客觀探討,以了解「新青年」所追求
旳目標、方向和所產生的影響。
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核能四廠興建計畫決策模式之探討(民國69-90年):政策網絡途徑方英祖 Unknown Date (has links)
核能四廠興建計畫自民國69年提出至今,已歷經20多年,期間亦曾有數度爭議而曾決定緩辦,並於民國81年2月奉行政院核定,由立法院預算委員會表決恢復預算動支,然此計畫卻一直處於爭議之中,到底核能四廠興建計畫的決策到底是如何?為什麼會有這麼多的衝突和爭議?本文以決策的角度切入這個紛擾台灣社會二十多年的政策議題,嘗試找出其決策模式與決策理性程度。本文所研究的問題如下:
一、核能四廠興建計畫適用於以何種決策模式加以解釋?
二、核能四廠興建計畫的政策網絡所顯現的決策模式為何?那些行動者所顯現的權力較大?不同時期所顯現的決策模式是否相異?
三、核能四廠興建計畫決策所表現出的理性程度為何?在不同的時期是否有不同理性程度表現?
首先,本文對決策理論各家學者定義、理論基礎與模式作一探究,同時探討政策網絡興起的背景、各家學說要點和實際應用情形,來理解以政策網絡來探討政策決策過程的優劣之處,與提供研究者何種助益,並嘗試提出本文的分析層次與研究架構;在研究方法上則採取文獻分析法,並輔以內容分析法的方式以描繪出政策網絡型態與決策模式、決策理性程度,總結前面的政策網絡研究與內容分析結果,描繪出核能四廠興建計畫的決策面貌,本文並將核能四廠興建計畫區分為三個時期,加以分析及觀察其決策行為的變化與政策網絡的變動:
一、核四計畫平靜期:民國69年5月27日(台電首次提出核四廠興建計畫)—民國73年6月30日(立法委員首次反對核四廠興建計畫)。
二、核四計畫爭議期:民國73年6月30日(立法委員首次反對核四廠興建計畫)—民國89年3月18日(第二屆總統選舉結果揭曉政黨輪替)。
三、核四計畫劇變期:民國89年3月18日(第二屆總統選舉結果揭曉政黨輪替)—民國90年2月13日(行政院和立法院簽署協議)。
在研究之後,就政策網絡的類型來看,在平靜期,參與者十分有限,社會大眾對於國家機關的價值是認同與共享的,此時期由國家主導的決策模式較傾向於Van Waarden的「國家主義」類型與Rhodes的「政策社群」類型;然於進入爭議期,國家力量無法完全掌握時,乃進入一個較為多元的型態,各種團體、政黨的立場衝突,較符合於Rhodes的「專業網路」、「府際網絡」紛雜的情形;而在最後的階段中,不穩定的情形與眾多的團體、個人,權力和資源也不平等的情形下,各行動者的關係呈現一種「議題網絡」的網絡型態。
而在決策模式方面,本文認為在核能四廠興建計畫的爭議之中,最能加以解釋的決策模式是團體決策模式,在擁核和反核的團體之中,又加上了政治立場、經濟立場形成兩個團體的拉鋸戰,過去在野黨無法撼動執政黨執政優勢的情形下,形成一個團體大,一個團體小的局面,核能四廠也就朝著興建的方向前進,但是在政黨輪替後,我們看到執政的民進黨試圖以新民意(總統選舉勝選)來決定核能四廠興建計畫的停止,但卻遭遇了原先國民黨與企業界、甚至其他政黨基於不同立場的反抗,又將此均衡點拉向了興建,本文發現以如此的決策模式來解釋核能四興建計畫較能符合實際情況;最後,本文提出下列的研究發現:
一、決策過程偏向菁英決策模式與團體決策模式。
二、政治決策先於理性與組織程序決策。
三、專家的參與而非民眾的參與。
四、缺乏地方民眾的參與機制。
五、記為既定政策如何溝通。
六、代議制民主的困境。
對此爭議性高的決策提出研究建議如下:
一、健全負責的決策機制。
二、建立衝突管理決策文化。
三、建立良好溝通模式。
四、建立解決公共政策爭議機制-公民投票機制的建立。
五、平等與審慎思辯的調和-審慎思辯民調。
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兩岸品牌個性之跨文化比較-以報紙廣告為例吳祉芸, Wu, Chih-yun Unknown Date (has links)
自一九七O年代起,品牌個性成為研究的焦點,有越來越多學者探討此項議題;實務界更是廣泛地運用。
歷來研究中以品牌個性構面的建立為最具完整架構,學者多從消費者的角度出發;然而,文化差異對品牌個性有很大的影響,但過去相關研究卻不多,又廣告之中包含豐富的品牌個性及文化訊息,於此,本文參考過去學者提出的構面,利用廣告研究,進行品牌個性的跨文化比較。
本文首次由廣告呈現的角度出發,補過去研究之不足;而藉由廣告所傳遞的豐富訊息,可以尋找華人企業偏好的品牌個性,比較兩岸文化及品牌個性呈現的差異,探討產品類別對品牌個性的影響,並連結消費者自我概念與品牌個性之間的關係,由觀察的現象中深入分析策略意涵,可供實務界作參考。
研究設計方面,本文針對兩岸廣告,橫跨1996至2001共六年期間,以報紙為抽樣對象,台灣地區選擇中國時報,大陸地區選擇文匯報,共得864則廣告,利用內容分析法,粹取其中的品牌個性及文化概念,再進行統計分析,比較兩岸之間以及產品類別間的差異,結果發現如下:
1.兩岸品牌個性的呈現有差異,台灣偏重品牌的人性面,大陸則較重視產品的功能性。
2.品牌個性各構面間呈現比例亦有差異,出現頻率較高的構面,可能較容易為消費者所感知,或反映出消費者偏好。
3.品牌個性與文化之間具有相關性,其方向有正有負,正相關意味著該文化傾向愈高,應強調該個性構面的呈現,反之亦然,值得廠商參考,隨著不同地區的文化差異而調整其品牌個性的塑造。
4.不同產品廣告的品牌個性呈現則大異其趣,亦即產品類別對品牌個性有影響。大致而言,利益產品較重視「稱職」構面的展現,價值產品則著重人性面;廠商在塑造品牌個性時也應考慮攸關的產品特性。
5.品牌個性與自我概念的關係很密切,本文初探兩者相關性,發現確有關聯存在:「平和」、「純真」與「真實我」呈顯著正相關;「刺激」、「稱職」、「教養」則與「理想我」呈顯著正相關,反映出兩個自我實為相對的概念;然其確切影響方向,甚至是其他變數的調節作用,則值得作進一步探討。 / Since the 1970s, “brand personality” has become a popular issue, which was discussed by many scholars and widely used in business practice.
Most scholars studied this topic from the consumer’s point of view, and the framework of brand personality dimensions has been most completely worked out. However, culture differences had great influence on brand personality, but there were limited studies that focused on this issue. Since advertisements contained sufficient information of culture and brand personality, this study intended to make a cross-cultural comparison of brand personality by referring to the brand personality dimensions found by previous researchers and performing advertisement research.
The purposes of this study are to compare the differences of brand personality between Taiwan and Mainland China, to investigate the influence of product category on brand personality, and to combine “self concept” with brand personality. Compiling the dimensions studied by previous scholars for coding indicators, this study uses content analysis to make this study. Not only does this study fulfill the scope of brand personality analysis, it also provides insights for building brand strategies and entering the market in China.
The samples are newspaper advertisements from 1996 to 2001. China Times in Taiwan and Shang-Hai Wen-Hui Bao in Mainland China are chosen. There is a total of 864 advertisements. After statistics analysis, the results are listed as the following:
1.To the appearance of brand personality, ads in Taiwan show more humanity, while those in Mainland China emphasize on product functions.
2.There are different proportions between the representations of dimensions. Those dimensions with higher frequencies may be easily perceived by consumers or may more appealing to them.
3.Relationships exist between brand personality and culture. Positive relationship means certain dimension should be emphasized when the relative culture tendency is higher.
4.There exists a great difference in brand personality between product categories: the “utilitarian-expressive” products emphasize on “competence” dimension, while the “value-expressive” products show more humanity.
5.Brand personality is closely related with “self-concept”: “peacefulness” and “sincerity” are positively related to “actual self,” while the other three dimensions are positive related to “ideal self.” This study discusses this issue for the first time; however, further studies are needed to investigate the moderating effects.
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台灣地區報紙對墮胎新聞報導的內容分析:以《中國時報》、《聯合報》為例陳靜玟 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在以內容分析方式,分析台灣地區報紙有關墮胎新聞之報導,以瞭解閱聽人所得到的墮胎資訊為何。本研究選定中國時報與聯合報進行分析。分析結果發現台灣地區報紙對於墮胎新聞的報導,多數採用非個案報導,最常出現在墮胎新聞中的主角是未成年未婚者,多數的墮胎新聞是以恐懼手法呈現。對於防治墮胎所需之避孕與正確性教育與兩性關係資訊,台灣報紙在這些方面的報導極度不足。未來應加強此方面的資訊,以有效改善墮胎狀況。
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環境資訊揭露內容之評估-以違反環保法規之公開發行公司為例李國鳳 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來學者提出,企業若是要保有永續經營的能力,就必須兼顧環境與經濟。企業可透過「資訊揭露」,向社會大眾回應其對環境保護的重視。台灣目前對環境資訊揭露的規範多為消極、被動,而國內每年皆有許多企業違反環境保護法規,本論文將該等具有負面消息之公司的環境污染指標,與其年報環境資訊揭露程度,做一結合,進行環境資訊揭露趨勢及正面、負面資訊揭露情形的研究。
本研究之樣本為曾違反環保法規,遭各級政府處罰卻不服,向環保署提起訴願,經環保署決定訴願駁回的36家公開發行公司。採用內容分析法衡量各公司年報中,關於環境資訊揭露的程度(包含量與質兩種評估方式);並以迴歸分析、成對樣本t檢定及Wilcoxon符號等級檢定,對假說進行檢定。
經過實證結果,獲致以下的結論:
1.就量的角度,各公司環境資訊揭露句數總和與年報所載受罰金額呈現顯
著正相關;但以質的角度,各公司環境資訊揭露總分數與年報所載受罰
金額之關係則不顯著。此可能為本研究權數設計的不適當所造成。
2.民國89年至民國91年,各公司年報中環境資訊揭露程度並無顯著差異。
研究期間長短、是否受特定事件影響都是造成此結論的可能因素。另從
持續性角度觀察,亦可能近年缺乏環保團體積極推動環境保護活動,及
主管機關的監督。
3.當公司面臨負面消息時,公司愈會揭露正面資訊以導正公司形象。當公
司發生影響環境的污染事件,為縮短利害關係人的期望差距並顧及公司
形象,勢必避談此負面資訊,愈是強調正面環境揭露資訊。 / There are many ways in which a company can communicate to stakeholders its responses to environmental concerns. One of the mode of communication could be in the form of annual reports. This study investigates the content of environmental disclosures in annual reports for 36 companies in Taiwan for the years 2000 through 2002.
The objectives of my study are:(1)to determine whether the level of corporate environmental disclosures is associated with the level of environmental pollution.(2)to investigate if there are significant positive differences in disclosure between years.(3)to explore whether the companies tend to present information which is favorable to their corporate image.
Results indicate that:(1)there is a positive correlation between the level of environmental pollution and the quantity of environmental disclosures.(2)the 2000-2002 time period didn’t produce a significant increase in environmental disclosures.(3)most of the companies elect to present only that information which is favorable to themselves.
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從品牌觀點探討台灣企業部落格之發展 / he Development of Corporate Blog in Taiwan from Brand Perspective任秀芸 Unknown Date (has links)
部落格作為近年來最重要的溝通媒體之一,全球共有超過7000萬個部落格,這些部落格成為重要的訊息來源,企業應將其納入品牌經營、行銷規劃的一環。本文有鑑於此,因此希望能針對台灣企業部落格的經營現狀,進行探索性研究,做為未來相關研究的依據,並作為企業未來經營部落格的參考,提供實務上的貢獻。
本研究採用內容分析法進行研究,研究對象除了由於由BSP( blog service provider)業者提供空間和技術架設的部落格,也包括擁有獨立網址,利用架設部落格軟體自行架設之企業及個人部落格。以便利抽樣的方式抽取100筆企業部落格資料,60筆個人部落格資料進行研究。研究發現目前的台灣企業部落格大多沒有品牌知名度。研究也發現,現階段廠商尚未以企業部落格作為品牌溝通的途徑,部落格主要的應用方式是作為線上產品展示,而沒有太多品牌及行銷方面的溝通與應用,台灣企業部落格在創造品牌知名度和聯想度上的成效仍有改善的空間
因此本研究提出企業可以更投入部落格的內容經營與管理,創造部落格豐富的內涵,並充分利用部落格有其獨特的特性和功能,像是引用、文章回應、RSS訂閱、部落格串連功能,並與訪客積極互動,創造部落格的影響力。由於部落格本身就是企業品牌的傳達工具,其低成本、容易操作的特性讓企業可以利用部落格建立獨特的價值和特色,不但更容易吸引潛在顧客,也創造出與同業的差異化特色。
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專業、民意與環境影響評估:環保署中央開發案例內容分析(1996-2005)邱玲裕 Unknown Date (has links)
環境影響評估法自實施以來已屆滿十二年,該制度首開國內將民眾參與納入制度中之先例,原本其立意是讓與環境切身相關的民眾得以參與公共政策,以減少衝突,然而,民眾不滿審查結果的相關爭議卻未曾停歇,據此,本研究認為應該找出開發案例特性、參與方式與審查結論之間的關係,以增進對我國環評實務的瞭解。本研究是以環境影響評估資料庫中的書件查詢系統為研究對象,主要目的在於瞭解1996年至2005年行政院環保署所累積之中央開發案例之趨勢,以期對於參與程序做實證評估促使評估機制獲得社會的公平與信賴,減少抗爭衝突之發生。
本論文首先透過文獻探討公民參與之意義與限制,並以理性選擇學派對於參與之詮釋,釐清參與可能遭受的挑戰與問題,其次檢閱目前與環境影響評估研究相關的文獻,藉此找出本文之定位,並整理各類文獻,建構本研究對於參與情形之評估構面與操作化問題,並以之為內容分析法問卷之基礎。
實證資料蒐集時,以參與主體、資訊公開以及民意調查五大準則先進行資料內容之評估、分類與編碼,據此進行統計分析與比較,最後進行訪談。整體案例共有440件,彙整統計資料加以分析討論,輔以訪談內容,得出相關研究結果,本研究之發現如下:
一、在整體趨勢上,以委員會年度而言,近半數之開發案例集中於90年至93年四年期間;開發單位方面,若將國營事業列入政府相關單位計算,則政府與民間企業的開發案件趨近一比一;在開發類別,顯示我國仍偏重交通之硬體建設之開發;在基地行政轄區,開發案例明顯集中於北部及南部兩大區域;在審查結論上,全部案例之中有八成開發案於第一階段通過審查。
二、法律規範參與方式之實際參與情形為,以公開說明會實行比例最高、環保團體之出席狀況偏低、民眾踴躍參與公開說明會,現場勘查參與情況不佳、政府人員與專家委員與民意代表參與習慣之差異。
三、民意調查之實行情形為,開發單位偏好實行民意調查更甚於其他參與程序、引導式問卷問題已逐漸改善,但問卷之效度仍須注意。
四、以440件案例中有舉辦民調之213件案例,探討民眾意見與專家結論關係,研究結果發現,審查結果通過之案例其整體贊成開發民眾之比例,明顯大於審查結果為不通過之民眾比例。 / The law of environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been implemented for 12 years. EIA, in order to reduce the conflict by facilitating civil participation in the policy making process, is the first institution for civil participation in our country. However, people’s dissatisfaction with the results of the environmental impact assessment never ebbs. Accordingly, this study attempts to find out the relationship among the development cases, methods of civil participation and the deliberative results, in order to facilitate the understanding of the EIA in. Taiwan.
The main purpose lies in understanding the trend of the deliberative result of the development cases in the environmental protection administration of the central government in Taiwan by means of assessing these cases, expecting to make the mechanism and its procedure trustworthy for society and reduce the emergence of the conflicts. The target of the study is 440 EIA cases from the electronic research system in the EIA database, from 1996 to 2005. To build evaluative items and check participatory pattern differences, the study is proposes three frames, including the participatory subjects, information disclosure and five major criterion of public opinion polls, followed by content analysis and data coding. After carrying out statistical analysis and comparison through the above framework, the officers were interviewed to verify and supply the previous results.
After integrating quantitative and qualitative results, the results of this research are as follow:
First, looking at the time period as a whole, nearly one half of the cases were held during a four year period (from 2001 to 2004); for organization of exploitation, the number of cases possessed by the government was as much as folk enterprise; for the classification of exploitation, the data showed that our country still stresses the development of hardware construction of the traffic; for the administrative areas of the exploitation base, obviously the cases polarize on the north and the south of the island; and the final conclusion of the examination show that 80% of the developing cases are being passed at the first stage of EIA.
Second, the actual situation of legal ways of participating is that public explanation meetings were held more frequently than other ways; the rate of attendance of environmental protection group and scene inspection was low; people participated enthusiastically in public explanation meetings; and there was difference of participation (participating) behaviors between the committee members and governmental officials.
Third, the situation of conducting polls is, exploitation organization prefer conducting poll far more than other methods; the situations of inductive questionnaire had been improved gradually already, still, researchers must pay attention to validly of questionnaire.
Finally, there are 213 cases of conducting polls out of 440 cases, which obviously shows that in most cases a favorable result (“pass”) is given by the people rather than an unfavorable result (“fail”).
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