This essay focuses upon the Kivik monument and its conservation difficulties, since its discovery at 1748 until modern time. The Kivik monument is found in southeast of Scania, and dated within the Bronze Age period. The perspective of the conservation on the monument has merely been on the monuments inner cist of stone and the rock carvings on the cist-slabs. When the monument was first archaeological examined at 1931, its sizeable cairn (75 m in diameter) had almost vanished and the cist was sheltered by a casing of concrete and metal roof. Between 1932 and 1933 the monument has undergone a large-scale restoration, and this criticized restoration resulted in a low antiquarian value with the responsible authority. With a low antiquarian value, the protection of ancient monuments by national laws is nearly none and the interest by responsible authority is insignificantly. This has lead to substandard preservation of the monument and its surrounding area. By comparing the Kivik monument with the monument Ales stones, who undergone equal restorations, I discovered that Ales stones is still considered an intact ancient monument with a high antiquarian value with the responsible authority and therefore in a good state of preservation. This is probably a result of that the restorations of the Kivik monument contain none authentic material as concrete and its museological construction, which Ales stones is not and therefore perceived as a genuine ancient monument.

In this thesis I explore the preservation problems occurring in English square pianos from 1770. I have investigated three aspects: Which materials do the instruments normally consist of? Which are the common types of damage? What conservation ethics are widely considered among instrument conservators and restorers? With the information from these three questions have I formulated treatment suggestions and general aspects to be aware of when preserving early square pianos. The most important suggestion is not to make any treatment without reflection. It´s also important to be aware of problems regarding storage, humidity, emissions, materials and tuning when preserving an early square piano. I consider these aspects in formulating treatment suggestions to conserve instruments as historical documents and to restore them to playable state. The treatment suggestions can also help and guide conservators without special knowledge of instruments toward better preservation of early square pianos. This thesis aims therefore to improve the care of this fragile cultural heritage.

Vattendirektivet som trädde i kraft år 2000, innebär ett helt nytt sätt att arbeta med vattenfrågorna i Sverige. Omfattande arbete pågår i Sverige för att ta fram underlag som de kommande vattenmyndigheterna kommer att behöva för att kunna arbeta enligt direktivets bestämmelser. En central del som måste utredas är hur lång den akvatiskt ekologiska återhämtningstiden är när restaureringar och efterbehandlingsåtgärder genomförts. Fem svenska efterbehandlingsprojekt med avseende på metallföroreningar har undersökts i en fallstudie. En översiktsstudie har genomförts på hur fterbehandlingssituationen för metallföroreningar ser ut i Sverige genom att personer vid samtliga av landets länsstyrelser har kontaktats. Överlag är uppföljningen av genomförda projekt ofullständiga och i de flesta fall har inga studier på den akvatiska ekologin gjorts. De fem projekten visar på att en återhämtning kan ske på ca fyra år. Om invandring av arter från mindre påverkade lokaler är begränsad eller om genomförda åtgärder inte är tillräckliga kan återhämtningen ta mer än tio år. Kraftigt skadade ekosystem kan bli obalanserade med dominerande arter som följd, vilket kan förlänga återhämtningstiden med flera år.

This thesis aims to investigate how the meaning of the concept of authenticity has been used in arguments about the reconstruction of Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, Sweden. The museum, which opened for the first time in 1866, was closed for restoration, renovation and other engagements during 2013-2018. After the reopening, a debate took place in the Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet. In the debate there were people who argued that the reconstruction had erased the museum’s history and replaced it with modern design. Other people argued that the reconstruction had made the building more true to its history as older reconstructions had distorted the original building. The main source material for the present study consists of a final report of the project made by the National Property Board, selected debate articles from the debate on the reconstruction in Svenska Dagbladet, and an interview and two mail conversations that have been made with persons involved in the project. Through argumentation analysis, arguments from the final report, the debate in Svenska Dagbladet, the interview and the mail conversations have been analyzed. The arguments selected from the source material are arguments that either indicate that the authenticity has been preserved or that the authenticity has not been preserved. The thesis does not intend to determine whether the reconstruction of Nationalmuseum has preserved the authenticity or not, it is the argumentation about this issue that is to be investigated. The reason is that the perception differs between different people, different contexts and different views. The analysis shows that the arguments claiming that the authenticity has not been preserved above all relate to the building's younger reconstructions with its additions that were removed during the current reconstruction. Some debaters argue that the building's younger history also has a value that should be protected. In the end it comes down to what kind of authenticity one intends to preserve. In the project, the experience values have been prioritized before the material values, which indicates that the authenticity from a material perspective may have decreased while the functional authenticity of the building has increased. The arguments that favour that the authenticity has been preserved are primarily based on the view that great emphasis has been placed on the preservation of the building's cultural-historical value. During the project one has also been inspired by the building's original drawings made by the building's architect Friedrich August Stüler, which indicates that the authenticity of the original building has been strengthened. The thesis ends with a final discussion where the result of the analysis is presented in relation to the theoretical framework of the thesis. This is done in order to answer the research questions. The main research question for the thesis has been; "How has the meaning of authenticity been presented in the final report, in the debate and by people who have worked with the reconstruction of Nationalmuseum?”.

En växande befolkning och ett överutnyttjande av jordens resurser kräver att samtliga människor samarbetar för att uppnå miljömålen. De flesta av Sveriges vattendrag har blivit negativt påverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter, så som timmerflottning och utbyggnad av vattenkraft. Vattenkraften står för cirka hälften av Sveriges årliga, totala elproduktion och på grund av att vattnet däms upp blir dammen ett fysiskt hinder vid förflyttning för bland annat lax och öring i vattendragen (ett så kallat vandringshinder).  Idag bedrivs fisket vid Dalälven i Älvkarleby på kompensationsutsatt fisk. Lax och havsöring konkurrerar hårdare om kvarvarande platser och har svårt att passera Kungsådran på grund av vandringshinder. Det finns ett fiskevårdsförslag för restaureringsåtgärder i Kungsådran som kräver att aktörer måste enas i konstruktiva dialoger. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en insikt i hur utformning av restaurering av Kungsådran i nedre Dalälven kan gynna förutsättningarna för ett förbättrat lax- och havsöringsbestånd genom att studera relevanta aktörers miljöarbeten. Studien syftar även till att studera om restaurering av vattendrag kan utformas i linje med det svenska miljömålet Levande sjöar och vattendrag.  Kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att utföra denna studie. Resultatet visar att Kungsådrans lax och havsöring är kraftigt utsatt av vandringshinder. Det finns ett behov av att restaurera Kungsådran enligt det framtagna fiskevårdsförslaget, men att även flera fiskevårdsåtgärder behöver utföras i andra delar av nedre Dalälven för att förbättra lax- och havsöringsbestånden. Det visar även att nya rutiner för uppfödd smolt behöver upprättas.  Diskussion: De uppfödda öringarnas tillstånd är negativt påverkade. På grund av att uppfödd öring har ett avvikande beteende är fortsatt genetiska studier på uppfödd fisk viktigt för att främja genetiska förändringar. Samtidigt som restaurering bidrar till ett ökat bestånd av vilda havsöringar. Forskning är betydelsefullt, utan vetenskap kan vi varken hålla oss uppdaterade eller skapa nya underlag. Däremot finns det en osäkerhet om valet av plats och om tillvägagångsättet som SLU:s aktuella fiskeförsök vid Kungsådran gör mer nytta än onytta i befintligt läge.   Enligt denna studie verkar det i dagsläget svårt att nå det svenska miljömålet Levande sjöar och vattendrag. / A growing population and the over-exploitation of the earth's resources require all people to work together to achieve the environmental objectives. Most of Sweden's watercourses have been negatively affected by human activities, such as timber rafting and the expansion of hydropower. Due to the water being dammed up, the dam becomes a physical barrier to movement in the watercourse (obstacles to migration). Hydropower accounts for about half of Sweden's annual total electricity production.  Today, fishing is carried out at Dalälven in Älvkarleby on compensatory fish. Salmon and sea trout compete harder for remaining places and find it difficult to pass Kungsådran due to hiking obstacles. There is a fishing conservation proposal for restoration in Kungsådran, which requires actors to agree in constructive dialogues. The purpose of this study is to create an insight into how the design of restoration of Kungsådran in lower Dalälven can benefit the conditions for an improved salmon and sea trout population by studying the environmental work of relevant actors. The study also aims to study whether restoration of watercourses can be designed in line with the Swedish environmental goal Living lakes and watercourses. Qualitative interview study with semistructured interviews was used in this study. The results show that fish in Kungsådran is heavily exposed to migratory obstacles. There is a need to restore Kungsådran according to a developed fishing conservation proposal, but that several fishing conservation measures also need to be carried out in other parts of the lower Dalälven river. It also shows that new procedures for bred smolt need to be established.  Discussion: Trout's genetic stock is negatively affected. Partly because bred trout have a deviant behavior and hence continued genetic studies on bred fish are important to pro-mote genetic change.  Research is important, without science we cannot keep up to date or create new data. However, there is uncertainty about the choice of location and whether the procedure that SLUs current fishing experiments at Kungsådran do more good than harm in the existing situation.   According to this study, it currently seems difficult to reach the Swedish environmental goal Of Living Lakes and Watercourses.

In collaboration with Under ytan, a company cultivating algae locally on Åland, I have designed tableware made from and for algae-based food. Using the framework of the Set Table, I explore algae in a local context and reflect upon the usage of algae in marine restoration. The Set Table is full of symbols regarding culture, history, life and festivals. By gathering around the table, we share food, stories and create consciousness of the Baltic Sea.

Located in the borderland between aquatic and terrestrial environments, the wetlands cover a wide spectrum of habitats and enable living standards for a great variety of organisms. Although important habitats, a great extent of the original wetlands have disappeared in Europe and Sweden due to anthropogenic disturbances. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in efforts to restore wetlands due to their popularity as a climate mitigation tool and their suggested multifunctional benefits. However, little is known about what kind of wetlands that have been restored in Sweden. Is it merely amphibian dams or is it fens and bogs? In this thesis, I have investigated whether the projects within LONA (The Local Nature Conservation Program) had contributed to reaching the aims of the Habitats Directive (79/409/EEC). My results showed that eleven (20 %) of the LONA projects from 2021-2022 contributed to favorable conservation status for five of the wetland habitat types listed in the Habitats Directive. In particular, there were positive impacts on Transition mires and quaking bogs (7140), and Bog woodland (91D0) from the hydrological restoration of peatlands. Although a major part of the projects rather resulted in novel ecosystems. A potential future challenge lies therefore in finding ways to increase the contribution to the Habitats Directive through the utilization of LONA funding. However, considering that LONA has unrelated aims and that other funding sources are better suited for this purpose, it is arguable whether this is the most suitable way forward. Hence, I propose adopting a landscape view that considers different funding sources and an integration of the expected ecosystem services in the national database with restored and created wetlands. With this approach, we can determine which wetland types to prioritize on a basin scale and identify the gaps where restoration of high-biodiversity wetlands is absent. Wetland restoration is a crucial aspect of conservation efforts, but if we are to reach the aimed functions, it requires careful planning, effective management, and long-term funding for future management.

Våtmarker förser oss människor med ett stort antal viktiga ekosystemtjänster, såsom vattenrening, vattenreglering, klimatreglering och rekreation. Delvis eftersom många våtmarker försvunnit och försämrats i Sverige under drygt de senaste hundra åren finns ett behov av att restaurera och anlägga våtmarker. Ekosystemtjänsternas värde uttrycks vanligtvis inte på marknaden, och restaureringstakten är för låg. Ett möjligt sätt att hantera detta är att värdera våtmarkers ekosystemtjänster ekonomiskt. Syftet med denna rapport är att utreda hur ekosystemtjänster och de värden de genererar synliggörs och påverkar beslut kring restaurering och anläggning av våtmarker i Sverige. Detta har uppnåtts genom att intervjua tre personer som varit inblandade i restaurering eller anläggning av våtmarker, samt att sammanställa syften som angetts för projekt inom bidragssystemet LONA våtmark. Resultatet visar att förbättring till tillgången till flera olika ekosystemtjänster eftersträvas, bland annat utjämning av vattenflöden, minskning av näringsämnen och rekreation. Våtmarkers ekosystemtjänster har dock sällan värderats och deras värden lyfts inte fram i någon större utsträckning. Hur värdering av ekosystemtjänster skulle kunna användas i större utsträckning vid restaurering och anläggning av våtmarker diskuteras också. / Wetlands provide us humans with a large number of important ecosystem services, such as water purification, water regulation, climate regulation and recreation. Partly because many wetlands have disappeared and deteriorated from Sweden for just over the last hundred years, there is a need to restore and build wetlands. The value of ecosystem services is usually not expressed in the market, and the rate of restoration is too low. One possible way to handle this is to evaluate wetland ecosystem services economically. The purpose of this report is to investigate how ecosystem services and the values they generate are made visible and influence decisions regarding the restoration and construction of wetlands in Sweden. This has been achieved by interviewing three people who have been involved in the restoration or construction of wetlands, as well as compiling objectives stated for projects within the LONA wetland grant system. The results show that improvement in access to several different ecosystem services is sought, including equalization of water flows, reduction of nutrients and recreation. However, wetland ecosystem services have rarely been evaluated and their values are not highlighted to any great extent. How valuation of ecosystem services could be used to a greater extent in the restoration and construction of wetlands is also discussed.

Arbetet handlar om en studie i alternativa fyllnadsmaterial för mindre fanerskador. Syftet är att tydliggöra och vidga konservatorns palett av alternativa fyllnadsmaterial och skapa riktlinjer för lagning av mindre fanerskador med hjälp av dessa material. Parallellt med min undersökande del diskuteras även andra frågor såsom vilka värden möbler bär på samt vikten av att skapa ett nätverk med informationsutbyte för vidareutveckling av metoder och material inom möbelkonservering. I arbetet redogör jag för generella skillnader mellan möbelkonservering och möbelrestaurering. Undersökningen baserar sig på en analys av svar från mitt frågeformulär där svarspersonernas erfarenheter och praktiska undersökningar delvis har legat till grund för urvalet av material jag valt att gå vidare med i mina undersökningar. I dessa undersökningar testade jag olika fyllnadsmaterial på provplattor fanerade med björk och valnöt. I arbetet redogör jag för traditionella fyllnadsmaterial och i slutsatsen redogör jag för de material som jag anser kan utvecklas till att bli lämpliga komplement till de traditionella fyllnadsmaterialen, till exempel Aquazol 500 och Arbocel. / This is a study of alternative filling materials for smaller damages in veneer. The aim is to document and expand the palette of filling materials for furniture conservators and to create guidelines for the conservation and restoration of smaller damages in veneer. Parallel to this study I discuss other issues, such as the different values that can be found in an object. The importance of networking and the giving and sharing of information which is essential for the development of new techniques and materials. The difference between furniture conservation and furniture restoration is presented briefly. My tests are based on an analysis of the answers from my questionnaire where the respondents experience and practical skills serve as a partial base for the choice of materials that I have chosen to examine. My tests were executed on both birch and walnut veneer. I describe the pros and cons of traditional filling materials and in the conclusion, I present the filling materials that I believe can be a good complement to the traditional filling materials, such as Aquazol 500 and Arbocel.

En del av Visby ringmur rasade i februari 2012. Detta examensarbete tar upp ringmurens konstruktion och lösningar på hur man skall kunna återuppbygga muren på ett kulturhistoriskt korrekt sätt. Rapporten tar även upp andra murkonstruktioner och lösningar som man har använt sig av på liknande murar runt om i Europa. För att beskriva olika lösningar som förklarar hur försvarsmurar är uppbyggda och som kan ge inspiration till lösningar i uppbyggnaden av Visby ringmur. Liknande konstruktioner och murverk som har studerats närmare är Eketorp, Gråborg, Torsburgen, Roms stadsmur, Tallinns stadsmur och Kronobergs slottsruin.