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Etická dilemata využívání humanitárních dronů / Ethical Dilemmas of Using Humanitarian DronesPavlíková, Markéta January 2017 (has links)
Unmanned aircraft vehicles were primarily used for military purposes and are still used for them. Not only for this reason is their introduction for humanitarian aims disputable, raising various dilemmas. Supporters of humanitarian drones put emphasis on/emphasize their speed, security, data amount and the possible employment of new technology in extreme environments. Critics of humanitarian technologization stress the loss of neutrality and impartiality, politicization and militarization of humanitarian aid. Consensus does not even exist amongst academics in the field. Contemporary literature is primarily targeted on the controversy of dual-usage of UAVs and on potential technical advantages with emphasis on immediate assistance. The literature dealing with ethical issues of humanitarian drones in connection to humanitarian and development practice outside the conflict zone is almost absent, and only marginally or indirectly treats the issue. The aim of this paper is to analyse potential advantages and disadvantages of humanitarian drones' proliferation within the theoretical framework of The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations in Disaster Relief, which deals with basic dilemmas in humanitarian aid. This thesis does not...
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Vestiging en handhawing van konstruktiewe dissipline as 'n sleuteltaak van die onderwyser in die klaskamer / The establishment and maintenance of constructive discipline as a key task of the teacher in the classroomVan Dyk, Adri Louisa Magdalena January 2015 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Die afname in dissipline en dissipline handhawing in skole is 'n omvangryke probleem. Die
fokus van hierdie studie is om die aard en omvang van dissiplinêre probleme te ondersoek
om sodoende riglyne daar te stel om konstruktiewe dissipline in klaskamers te vestig as 'n
sleutel taak van die onderwyser.
In hierdie studie maak die navorser gebruik van die gekombineerde benaderingsmetode,
naamlik die kwalitatiewe-kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetode. Vraelyste (kwantitatief) en
onderhoude (kwalitatief) is as data insamelingstegnieke gebruik om vas te stel wat die aard,
omvang en moontlike oplossings is, vir die navorsingsprobleem.
Die navorsingstudie is gedoen deur 106 onderwysers in die intermediêre- en senior fase van
ses laerskole van die Noordweste van Pretoria te betrek. Daar is ook onderhoude gevoer met
ses senior onderwysers wat in beheer was van hul skole se dissiplinêre stelsels.
Die navorsingstudie het bevind dat onderwysers, leerders en ouers bydraend is tot dissiplinêre
probleme in klaskamers. Positiewe strategieë sluit in kommunikasie en toepassing van
klasreëls.
Uit die bevindinge van die navorsing is daar ongetwyfeld 'n sterk behoefte aan leiding vir
onderwysers om dissiplinêre probleme aan te spreek. Onderwysers moet bemagtig word om
konstruktiewe dissipline te ontwikkel, te bevorder en te handhaaf. / The decline in discipline and discipline enforcement in schools is a massive problem. The
focus of this study is to examine the nature and extent of discipline problems in order to set
guidelines to establish constructive discipline in the classroom as a key task of the teacher.
In this study, the researcher makes use of the combined approach method, namely the
qualitative - quantitative research methodology. Questionnaires (quantitative) and interviews
(qualitative) were used as data collection techniques to determine the nature, extent and
The research study was conducted by involving 106 teachers in the intermediate and senior
phase of six primary schools of the North West of Pretoria. There were also interviews with
six senior teachers who were in charge of their schools' disciplinary systems.
The research study found that teachers, pupils and parents are contributing factors to
discipline problems in classrooms. Positive strategies include communication and application
of rules.
From the findings of the research there is undoubtedly a strong need for guidance for teachers
to address disciplinary problems. Teachers should be empowered to develop positive,
promote, and maintain constructive discipline in the classroom.
possible solutions of the research problem. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Education Management)
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Managing physical abuse among learners in a girls high school in KwaZulu-Natal : a case studyBrijraj, Arthie 01 1900 (has links)
This study focuses on the manner in which the School Management Team (SMT) manages physical abuse among learners, providing guidelines on how to act in a proactive and constructive manner.
A qualitative approach was used and the research was designed as a single case study. National education specific law and policy regulating learner misconduct, the SMT’s management of physical abuse of learners as well as the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education’s policies were used to benchmark my evaluation of current management practices with regard to physical abuse among learners against such laws and policies. The research findings on the current management practices, factors that contribute to physical abuse, reasons and effects of physical abuse and the role of the SMT in handling physical abuse were based on an analysis of School A’s Code of conduct for learners and its Discipline Policy and information extracted by means of interviews. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)
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Le droit à l'épreuve de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : étude à partir des entreprises transnationales / The law tested by CSR : the case of transnational companiesCaillet, Marie-Caroline 24 November 2014 (has links)
Les entreprises sont aujourd’hui au coeur des échanges économiques mondiaux. Ces échanges se traduisent par la mise en place de relations commerciales desquelles peuvent émerger des structures souvent complexes et difficilement saisissables par le droit : les entreprises transnationales. Aucune réponse juridique satisfaisante n’a encore été trouvée pour les encadrer, alors que paradoxalement, la RSE donne naissance à des normes, des outils et des instruments pour les responsabiliser. L’étude de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises transnationales à travers le prisme du droit révèle en réalité l’émergence d’un cadre de régulation hybride : les normes de RSE s’immiscent dans le droit, conduisant celui-ci à s’emparer de ces normes à son tour. Cet échange permet d’aborder l’entreprise transnationale à travers une approche nouvelle, tirée des normes de RSE, c’est-à-dire à travers son organisation et ses fonctions. Les relations de l’entreprise avec ses partenaires commerciaux deviennent alors une assise potentielle pour le droit, davantage que son statut ou que sa structure juridique, à partir desquelles peuvent être imputées des obligations, aujourd’hui inexistantes. Une fois l’entreprise transnationale saisie, c’est un cadre juridique adapté à son organisation complexe qui peut être mis à jour. L’étude des normes de RSE dévoile un enrichissement des règles applicables à l’entreprise transnationale et un renforcement potentiel de sa responsabilité juridique, fondée sur une approche préventive mais également solidaire du droit de la responsabilité. Passant outre les problèmes posés par l’absence de statut juridique, la RSE permet de saisir les entreprises transnationales par le biais de leurs relations commerciales, et d’envisager la conception d’un nouveau standard juridique de conduite sociétale, générateur d’une responsabilité individuelle et collective fondée sur une obligation de vigilance. / Companies are now at the heart of global trade. These economic exchanges result in the establishment of commercial relationships, from which may emerge structures that are often complex and difficult to grapple with under the law: transnational corporations. While no satisfactory legal framework has yet been established to frame their work, paradoxically CSR gives rise to standards, tools and instruments to ensure their accountability. The study of the social responsibility of transnational corporations through the prism of the law actually reveals the emergence of a hybrid framework of regulation: CSR standards influence the law, forcing the law in turn to take note of these standards. This exchange allows us to handle a transnational business through a new approach derived from CSR standards, essentially through its organisation and functions. The relationship between a company and its business partners then becomes a potential basis for the law, rather than its status or its legal structure, from which can be derived responsibilities. Once a transnational corporation is seized, a legal framework adapted to its complex structure can come to light. The study of CSR standards reveals an enrichment of the rules applicable to transnational corporations and a potential strengthening of their legal liability, based on a preventive and joint and several approach of the law of responsibility. Ignoring the problems posed by the lack of legal status, CSR allows for the regulation of transnational enterprises through their commercial relations and provides a basis for the development of a new legal standard of social conduct, giving rise to individual and collective liability based on a duty of care.
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Vestiging en handhawing van konstruktiewe dissipline as 'n sleuteltaak van die onderwyser in die klaskamer / The establishment and maintenance of constructive discipline as a key task of the teacher in the classroomVan Dyk, Adri Louisa Magdalena January 2015 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Die afname in dissipline en dissipline handhawing in skole is 'n omvangryke probleem. Die
fokus van hierdie studie is om die aard en omvang van dissiplinêre probleme te ondersoek
om sodoende riglyne daar te stel om konstruktiewe dissipline in klaskamers te vestig as 'n
sleutel taak van die onderwyser.
In hierdie studie maak die navorser gebruik van die gekombineerde benaderingsmetode,
naamlik die kwalitatiewe-kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetode. Vraelyste (kwantitatief) en
onderhoude (kwalitatief) is as data insamelingstegnieke gebruik om vas te stel wat die aard,
omvang en moontlike oplossings is, vir die navorsingsprobleem.
Die navorsingstudie is gedoen deur 106 onderwysers in die intermediêre- en senior fase van
ses laerskole van die Noordweste van Pretoria te betrek. Daar is ook onderhoude gevoer met
ses senior onderwysers wat in beheer was van hul skole se dissiplinêre stelsels.
Die navorsingstudie het bevind dat onderwysers, leerders en ouers bydraend is tot dissiplinêre
probleme in klaskamers. Positiewe strategieë sluit in kommunikasie en toepassing van
klasreëls.
Uit die bevindinge van die navorsing is daar ongetwyfeld 'n sterk behoefte aan leiding vir
onderwysers om dissiplinêre probleme aan te spreek. Onderwysers moet bemagtig word om
konstruktiewe dissipline te ontwikkel, te bevorder en te handhaaf. / The decline in discipline and discipline enforcement in schools is a massive problem. The
focus of this study is to examine the nature and extent of discipline problems in order to set
guidelines to establish constructive discipline in the classroom as a key task of the teacher.
In this study, the researcher makes use of the combined approach method, namely the
qualitative - quantitative research methodology. Questionnaires (quantitative) and interviews
(qualitative) were used as data collection techniques to determine the nature, extent and
The research study was conducted by involving 106 teachers in the intermediate and senior
phase of six primary schools of the North West of Pretoria. There were also interviews with
six senior teachers who were in charge of their schools' disciplinary systems.
The research study found that teachers, pupils and parents are contributing factors to
discipline problems in classrooms. Positive strategies include communication and application
of rules.
From the findings of the research there is undoubtedly a strong need for guidance for teachers
to address disciplinary problems. Teachers should be empowered to develop positive,
promote, and maintain constructive discipline in the classroom.
possible solutions of the research problem. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)
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Managing physical abuse among learners in a girls high school in KwaZulu-Natal : a case studyBrijraj, Arthie 01 1900 (has links)
This study focuses on the manner in which the School Management Team (SMT) manages physical abuse among learners, providing guidelines on how to act in a proactive and constructive manner.
A qualitative approach was used and the research was designed as a single case study. National education specific law and policy regulating learner misconduct, the SMT’s management of physical abuse of learners as well as the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education’s policies were used to benchmark my evaluation of current management practices with regard to physical abuse among learners against such laws and policies. The research findings on the current management practices, factors that contribute to physical abuse, reasons and effects of physical abuse and the role of the SMT in handling physical abuse were based on an analysis of School A’s Code of conduct for learners and its Discipline Policy and information extracted by means of interviews. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)
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ZPŮSOBY OPTIMISTICKÉHO A VSTŘÍCNÉHO PŘÍSTUPU POMÁHAJÍCÍHO PRACOVNÍKA KE KLIENTOVI A JEHO MOŽNÉ ZDROJE / Effect of Job Style and also helping Worker Manner at another Live and People behaviourFLÍDROVÁ, Jana January 2012 (has links)
This thesis talks about different ways of dealing with people who find themselves in unfavourable social situations. It shows, based on casuistic cases and examples, the importance of a loving approach to the client. It describes particular ways of work with people who seem to be optimal from theoretical and practical point of view. It examines a conversation with a client in more detail. It tries to find an internal source of positive adjustment of the helping worker towards people. This adjustment is found not in set rules and instrumental method, but in a Christian approach to the person. A person, as an image of God is my fellowman and I am responsible for him/her. The source of a loving and optimistic approach to people comes from Christian culture, solidarity and respect for people, which is included in the Gospels. Christian approach to people is very much needed and should be part of social work within the middle of Europe.
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Les relations de travail dans l'entreprise transnationale / Labour relations within transnational companiesLafargue, Marie 09 December 2015 (has links)
L’entreprise transnationale s’impose comme un pouvoir économique puissantdans le contexte de mondialisation. Dénuée de personnalité morale, elle n’est appréhendéeque partiellement par les droits internes. En dehors du droit supranational qui présente descarences et n’assure qu’une régulation partielle, les relations de travail dans l’entrepriseglobalisée restent largement appréhendées par les droits nationaux et les paradigmes dudroit du travail n’ont guère évolué pour s’ajuster à leur singularité. La nature du droit quisaisit ces rapports n’est donc pas commensurable à leur réalité transnationale.L’insuffisance du cadre d’analyse actuel oblige alors à dépasser le doublecloisonnement des systèmes juridiques et des personnes morales afin de développer dessolutions globales. Une analyse tant positiviste que prospective du droit révèle l’existenced’un processus d’adaptation en cours, celui-ci devant toutefois être renforcé et étendu.Il s’agit donc de mettre en place un principe d’ajustement du droit à ces relations de travail,lequel révèle l’identité du transnational : la transnationalité est une expression du pluralisme.L’adaptation du droit suppose, d’une part, que l’entreprise soit recomposée en tantqu’organisation et qu’elle soit mise en synergie avec les autres acteurs de la gouvernancemondiale. Le mouvement d’adéquation implique, d’autre part, qu’un droit global, « postmoderne» et pluraliste, reposant sur un socle de droits fondamentaux, voit le jour. Ainsi,c’est au prix de ces évolutions que l’on parviendra à une régulation adaptée des relations detravail dans l’entreprise transnationale ainsi qu’à l’émergence d’un droit social de lamondialisation. / Transnational companies now stand as leading economic powers in aglobalisation context. Stripped of any legal personality, they are only partly bound by thenational laws. Aside from supranational law, which is incomplete provides only partialregulation, labour relations within globalised companies remain largely bound by nationallaws while the paradigms of labour law have barely evolved in order to adjust to theirsingularity. The nature of the law that governs those professional relations is therefore notcommensurate to their transnational reality.The deficiencies of the current framework for analysis thus compel researchers to gobeyond the twofold boundaries of legal systems and legal entities in order to develop suitableglobal solutions. A positivist, forward-looking analysis of the law reveals the existence of anadaptation process that is already underway but which must also be extended andstrengthened.It is therefore a matter of establishing a legal adjustment principle within those labourrelations, which reveals the identity of the transnational: transnationality is an expression ofpluralism. Legal adaptation assumes, on the one hand, that companies be reconstructed asorganisations and that a synergy be established with other players in the field of globalgovernance. The alignment trend implies, on the other hand, the birth of a "post-modern",pluralist global law, resting on a foundation of fundamental rights. It is thus at the cost of suchdevelopments that an adapted regulation of labour relations will be achieved withintransnational companies, together with the emergence of a globalised social law.
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La liberté contractuelle du banquier : réflexions sur la sécurité du système financier / The contractual freedom of the banker : reflections on the safety of financial systemMaymont, Anthony 17 December 2013 (has links)
La liberté contractuelle du banquier est une liberté parmi d’autres. Cependant, elle est la plus sensible dans lamesure où elle peut avoir des répercussions sur son activité. A priori sans limites aujourd’hui, cette liberté auraitmême des conséquences indéniables sur la sécurité du système financier en facilitant le phénomène des« bulles ». Le contrat, situé au coeur de l’activité bancaire et financière, serait ainsi la cause de cette réalité. Leschocs récents, telles les crises financières, imposent l´examen détaillé des opérations bancaires nationales maisaussi internationales, notamment celles les plus dangereuses. Encore méconnue, la mesure de la libertécontractuelle du banquier s’avère nécessaire pour en proposer une relecture. L’objectif n’est donc pas d’excluretoute liberté au banquier mais de définir le degré de liberté contractuelle à lui accorder pour chaque opération.L´idée étant de lui octroyer un niveau satisfaisant de liberté tout en assurant la sécurité du système financier.L’enjeu repose finalement sur la conciliation de l’impératif contractuel, résultant de la liberté contractuelle dubanquier, avec l’impératif de sécurité du système financier, nécessaire à la pérennité des banques et del’économie mondiale. / The contractual freedom of the banker is a freedom among the others. However, it is the most sensitive in so faras it can affect on his activity. Apparently unlimited today, this freedom would have even undeniableconsequences on the safety of the financial system by facilitating the phenomenon of “speculative bubbles”. Thecontract, situated in the heart of the banking and financial activity, would be thus the cause of this reality. Therecent shocks, such as financial crises, require the detailed examination of the national but also internationalbank transactions, especially the most dangerous. Still ignored, the measurement of the contractual freedom ofthe banker proves to be necessary to propose a review. The aim is not thus to rule any banker’s freedom out butto define the degree of contractual freedom to grant to him for each transaction. The idea being to grant him asatisfactory level of freedom while ensuring the safety of financial system. The stake rests finally on theconciliation of the contractual requirement, resulting from the contractual freedom of the banker, with the safetyrequirement of the financial system, necessary for the sustainability of banks and worldwide economy.
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海上長城的重構或破壞?:中國崛起與南海海上交通線之政策 (2000-2014) / Building or Breaking the Great Wall at Sea: The Rise of China and the Politics of Sea Lines of Communication in the South China Sea (2000-2014)潘荷西, Plata Díaz, José Luis Unknown Date (has links)
摘要
本研究採用賽局理論 (stag-hunt model) 來推論假設南海海上交通線 (SLOCs) 安全合作的情形.根據結果顯示,爭奪南海的國家,其解決衝突最好的策略應以合作的方式來提昇無論是在石油進口、貿易活動以及該地區船隻航行等方面的安全性。
為縮短假設情境與現實情況的差距,一方面,我們找出海上交通線安全合作之難點:主權、資源、和軍事發展;另一方面,也提出能促進其合作的正面因素:舊有的海上聯合巡邏、非傳統安全合作相關領堿、以及未來的南海行為準則 (SCS COC)。
最後我們介紹了「南海太平島提案」,試圖建立與協調新的海上聯合巡邏來降低該地區的緊張關係,建立彼此之間的信任,並改善衝突的情況。
根據本研究結論表示,我們的研究發現以及一些政策將能協助實施南海海上交通線安全的合作。 / Abstract
This research applies game theory (stag-hunt model) to a hypothetical situation of cooperation on Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs) protection in South China Sea (SCS). The results indicate that, in theory, the best option for all disputant countries in the issue is to cooperate in order to increase the security of their oil imports, trade, and ships crossing the region.
To overcome the gap between the theoretical model and the reality, we have identified those factors that will hinder the implementation of cooperation on SLOCs protection, sovereignty, resources, and military development; as well as those that can be used to counterbalance the effect of negative ones, previous joint maritime patrols, non-traditional security cooperation, and the future South China Sea Code of Conduct (SCS COC).
Finally, we have presented the South China Sea Peace Island Initiative, a proposal to coordinate and create new joint maritime patrols in the region as a mean to reduce tensions, build confidence, and improve the relationship between disputants.
We conclude presenting the main findings of this research, as well as those policies that will be useful to implement cooperation on SLOCs protection in SCS.
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