Studien syftar till att bidra med kunskap om hur ledarskap med lärambitioner kan förstås och utövas. Den tar avstamp i tidigare forskning om ledaren som underlättare av lärprocesser samt forskning kring villkor för att leda med lärambitioner, använder begreppen lärorienterat ledarskap, lärande, identitet och metafor som förståelseverktyg samt konstruktivism och handlingsteori med fokus på erfarenhetslärande som teoretiska utgångspunkter.  Det är en kvalitativ studie med en interaktiv forskningsansats. Analysmaterialet kom från en fokusgrupp som träffades vid två tillfällen samt fem skriftliga individuella berättelser. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys och metaforanalys. Resultatet innefattar en utvidgad definition av begreppet lärorienterat ledarskap, villkor för och utmaningar med att leda med lärambitioner, formande händelser för den egna identiteten som lärambitiös ledare samt deltagarnas självbild idag som ledare med lärambitioner. Slutsatser från arbetet inkluderar att ledarskap med lärambitioner bedrivs i både utbildningsinsatser och via utförandet av arbetsuppgifter i en verksamhet. Så länge fokus är på verksamhetsnytta. Ledarskap med lärambitioner innebär ett strategiskt ledarskap med effektivitetstänkande som främst handlar om att leda utvecklingsorienterat lärande i produktionens logik.  Ledarskap med lärambitioner handlar om att leda förståelse hos andra, och underlättas av att både ledare och verksamhet har kunskap och intresse av lärteori, att ledaren själv besitter kunskapsstatus, självtrygghet och agerar lärande föredöme. Ledarskapet fungerar som ett verktyg för individen att skapa mening och identitet för sig själv. En avgörande förmåga är att kunna leda sin egen förståelseprocess så att de erfarenheter man kontinuerligt får blir förståerliga både för sig själv och de man leder. Denna förståelse skapar också till dels de egna arbetsvillkoren. Ledarskap med lärambitioner rymmer påverkanshandlingar på både direkta och indirekta pedagogiska ingripanden, och med både fostrande- och möjliggörande ansats. Även om deltagarna i studien identifierar sig mer med den möjliggörande ansatsen. Det gör det svårare att uppmärksamma s.k. negativt lärande. Om ledaren med lärambitioner i större grad inkluderade övertygande samtal och kritisk granskning i sitt görande, och identifierade sig även med en likriktande och kontrollerande ansats i sitt ledarskap, så skulle hen kunna få ökad påverkansmöjlighet i sitt ledarskap. / The study aims to contribute with knowledge about how leadership with learning ambitions can be understood and practiced. It builds on previous research on the leader as a facilitator of learning processes and on conditions for leading with learning ambitions. The study uses learning-oriented leadership, learning, identity, metaphor as tools for understanding, and constructivism and action theory with a focus on experience learning as theoretical departure points. It is a qualitative study with an interactive research approach. The material for analysis came from a focus group that met twice, as well as five written individual stories. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis and metaphor analysis. The result includes an extended definition of learning-oriented leadership, prerequisites for and challenges of leading with learning ambitions, shaping events of the participants identities as leaders interested in learning, participants' self-image today as leaders with learning ambitions and their own experience of participating in this study. Conclusions of the work include that leadership with learning ambitions can be pursued in both education and through the execution of everyday working tasks: as long as the focus is on creating business benefits. It is a strategic leadership with high efficiency mindset, that its mainly about leading developmental-oriented learning in a logic of production. Leadership with learning ambitions is about leading understanding of others. It is facilitated by if both the leader and the business have knowledge of learning theory, and if the leader her/himself possesses knowledge status, self-security and acts as a learning model. Leadership with learning ambitions serves as a tool for the individual to create meaning and identity for her- or himself. An important capability of a leader with learning ambitions is to lead her/his own process of understanding so that experiences that one continually receives can be understood, both for the leader her/himself and the people lead. This understanding partly creates the leader’s own working conditions.  Leadership with learning ambitions holds advocacy actions through both direct and indirect educational interventions, and with both an educative and an enabling approach, although identification with the enabling approach was higher. This in itself makes it harder to pay attention to so called negative learning. Leaders with learning ambitions would most likely recieve a higher degree of impact at work if they included more of conveys and critical reviews, and identified stronger with a rectifying and controlling approach in their leadership.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka typer av kunskaper som är relevanta vid chefers beslutsfattande samt hur de lär sig och använder dessa kunskaper. Studien var fenomenografisk och data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Genom ett stratifierat urval valdes chefer som uppfyllde vissa kriterier. I slutändan var det fem chefer som ställde upp på intervjuer som låg till grund för empirin som användes i studien. Materialet redovisades och analyserades utifrån en fenomenografisk analysmodell tillsammans med det handlingsteoretiska perspektivet som referensram för vidare analys. Resultatet visade att chefer tenderar att använda informellt lärd kunskap vid fattande av beslut mer än formellt och tyst lärda kunskaper. Detta verkar vara ett resultat av de större möjligheter att ta beslut kring ämnen cheferna besitter mindre kunskap om som informellt lärda kunskaper kan ge i en beslutsfattande kontext jämfört med de andra formerna av kunskap. Utvecklingen av kunskap kan utifrån analysen tolkas vara ett resultat av chefernas möjligheter till reflektion, kunskap och handling baserat på dessa kunskaper, eller mer bestämt handlingsutrymme. Studien visar liknande resultat som tidigare forskning. Fortsatt forskning föreslås undersöka om chefers upplevelse eller uppfattningar kring icke arbetsrelaterade kunskapers inverkan på beslutsfattande.

I denna studie har tio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med yrkesverksamma dagbarnvårdare som arbetar i en kommun i Sverige. Syftet med studien är att utforska dagbarnvårdares förhållningssätt och inställning till sin anmälningsskyldighet och om det finns faktorer som påverkar deras beslut att göra en orosanmälan. Med hjälp av en tematisk analys på intervjumaterialet framkom fyra huvudteman: Var går gränsen, Organisationens stöd, Privat och professionell och Svart på vitt. Var går gränsen handlar om att det finns en svårighet i att veta när det är dags att göra en orosanmälan till socialtjänsten och hur man upptäcker att ett barn far illa. Organisationens stöd innefattas av chefens och kollegornas stöd i anmälningsprocessen. Privat och professionell handlar om det upplevda dilemmat av att vara privat och professionell på samma gång. Svart på vitt belyser behovet av att mer kunskap och utbildning kring anmälningsplikt såväl som kring tecken på att barn bar illa. Resultatet kopplas till tidigare forskning samt handlingsteori och handlingsutrymme. / In this study ten qualitative interviews were conducted with professional home daycare providers in a Swedish municipality. The aim of the study is to explore home daycare providers approach and attitudes towards their mandatory reporting and to find out if there are any factors that affects their decision of reporting to the child protective service. With a thematic analysis four main themes were found; Where is the limit, The support from the organization, Private and professional and Black on white. Where is the limit implies that there is a difficulty of making a decision when to report child maltreatment to the child protective service and how to discover child maltreatment. The support of the organization includes support from the manager and colleagues in the process of reporting. Privat and professional includes the experienced dilemma of being private and professional at the same time. Black on white intend to discuss the need of getting more knowledge and education regarding mandatory reporting as well as signs of maltreatment. The result has been analyzed with previous research and the theory of action and discretion.

The aim of this thesis was to study elderly people’s experiences of and approach to their usage of home care services with tax deduction. The aim was also to describe how elderly people reason about their underlying motives of using home care service with tax deduction. The study is based on six qualitative interviews with people between the ages of 65 and 80, living in Nacka, Sweden. This thesis is a collaboration with Stiftelsen Stockholms läns Äldrecentrum/ Stockholm Gerontology Center and part of their follow up study concerning simplified administration for elderly people applying for home care services in Nacka. The theory of rational choice was used in the analysis of the results. The primary results showed that elderly people’s usage of home care services with tax deduction was limited though regular and consist mainly of basic domestic work. The overall experiences of using home care services with tax deduction were positive and described in terms of satisfaction and as a possibility of independence and influence regarding their needs of services and how they were executed. The results indicate that the usage of home care services with tax deduction is partly based on elderly people’s lack of confidence in publicly-financed elderly care. Due to the distrust in elderly care and the self-determing factors home care services with tax deduction generated, their choice of using home care services with tax deduction seemed more appealing than publicly-financed home care services.

The dissertation addresses the negative consequences of the generally positive democratic ambition behind social planning: the good purpose may conceal less good actions. The aim is to study the thought-style of social planning and its most powerful topos, the denial of discrepancies. The focus of the dissertation is to exemplify how the denial of discrepancies and the consequences of denial become manifest. With emphasis on continuity and history, is shown how a Cartesian legacy shapes the thought-style of social planning, which is animated and upheld by the planning-collective: the integration of policy and science in planning. The planning-collective’s voice has become hegemonic through maintaining a harmony of illusions. The result is a lack of responsiveness to people’s varied modes of expression; voices that differ from the hegemonic thought-style are thus perceived as dissonance. Discrepancies in the form of differences of opinion and lack of consensus thus appear as sources of anxiety.  The mode of planning is based on a set of habitual thoughts and actions, topoi, that have become taken-for-granted. The result is an objectification of that which we call living, and the study shows through a number of examples, including “social economy”, how this form of objectification occurs. The epistemological frame of reference of the dissertation is constituted by Ludwik Fleck’s theory of thought-collectives, thought-styles and migrations of thought, and José Luis Ramírez’s action-theory, focused on language as action. Michel Foucault’s works on disciplining, political technologies, and discursive struggles are applied to create understanding of how the planning approach to representing people’s life activities has been shaped and how it influences them.

Får- och byggnadskroppsdelar - Handlingar och spatiala relationer kring byggnadsdeponeringar av får på Öland. Sheep and building body parts - Actions and spatial relations regarding buildingdeposits of sheep on Öland. Abstract This essay studies ten Ölandic examples of sheep bodies or sheep body parts deposited in Iron Agebuildings. In addition to literary works, the source material examined in the essay also consists ofunpublished sources and two osteological examinations, which were carried out as a part of thework on the essay (appendix 1 & 2).The purpose of the essay is to study both the actions that become visible through the skeletalmaterial, and the possible presence of spatial patterns regarding the bone deposits. The work iscarried out using an action-theoretical approach. Furthermore, a comparative method is used toexamine the ten sites in relation to each other. The results from this are ambiguous. The thesis' mainconclusion is; 1) that the bodies of sheep was sometimes disintegrated on Öland during the IronAge, to be; 2) placed in a certain spatial proximity of the foundation of roof-supporting posts. Keywords: Öland, Iron Age, Ritual Deposits, Sheep, bodies, body parts, foundation, sacrifice, action-theory

Denna studie undersöker bidragsbrottsligheten i Malmö och dess utveckling. Utifrån en kvantitativ ansats med tvärsnittsdesign syftar studien till att belysa utvecklingen av bidragsbrott samt hitta bidragande faktorer till utvecklingsförloppet. Bidragsbrott är relevant utifrån dess frekvens, konsekvenser för välfärdssystemet och kopplingen till den organiserade brottsligheten. På uppdrag av Malmös avdelning för ekonomiskt bistånd och boende har forskningsfrågorna besvaras med statistik från dem samt Brottsförebyggande rådet. Efter en deskriptiv univariat analys fann denna studie att bidragsbrottsutvecklingen i Malmö inte påvisar en stabil ökande eller minskande trend utan är fluktuerande. Med hjälp av Strainteorin och Situationella handlingsteorin förklarades denna ojämna utveckling utifrån ekonomiska faktorer, extern/intern kontroll samt motivation och frestelser. / This study investigates the social welfare crime development in Malmö. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design this study aims to illustrate the development of social welfare crime and also find contributing factors to the development. Social welfare crime is relevant due to its frequency, consequences to the welfare system and connection to organized crime. At the request of Malmö City department of economic aid and housing, the research questions have been answered using data from the department and Brottsförebyggande rådet. After a descriptive univariate analysis, this study found that the social welfare crime development is neither showing a stable rising or decreasing trend but a fluctuation curve. The uneven development was explained using Strain theory and the Situational action theory and was able to identify contributing factors such as economic factors, internal/external control, motivation and temptations.

Denna studie syftade till att undersöka hur personal på grupp- och serviceboenden hanterar dilemman mellan omvårdnad och självbestämmande. Fokus låg på vilka erfarenheter personalen har av dilemman, hur de hanterar dessa samt vad som avgör hur de handlar. Datainsamlingen skedde genom sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer med personal på grupp- och serviceboenden och analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att personalen möter många dilemman i sitt arbete där hantering av dessa utgår ifrån individens självbestämmande. Kommunikation var en betydande del av personalens sätt att hantera dessa dilemman på. Studien visade också att personalen hanterar dilemman utifrån sin egen avsikt - att främja självbestämmande och omvårdnad. Personalens handlingar påverkas av vad de moraliskt och organisatoriskt kan göra samt brukarens handlingar. / The aim of this study was to investigate how staffs at group housing and service housing manage dilemmas between nursing and self-determination. Experiences of dilemmas, how they manage these dilemmas and factors that determined their actions were explored. The data were collected through six semi-structured interviews with staffs in group housing and service housing and was analyzed using a thematic analysis. The result showed that the staff face many dilemmas, and their management of these situations is always based on self-determination. Communication was also a significant part of how they manage the dilemmas. Furthermore, the study showed that staffs deal with dilemmas based on their own intention - to promote self-determination and nursing. Their actions are based on what they can do morally and organizationally as well as the patients’ actions.

<p>The purpose of this study has been to investigate how socialworkers describe their attitudes towards reporting childabuse to the police and if they make different decisions when they believe the violence to be honour related and how they handle these questions. The main questions are; How does socialworkers describe their and their colleagues attitudes towards reporting childabuse to the police and when do they believe they should report? Do they describe honourviolence as a specific kind of violence that should be lifted and in what way does it affect their work? The study is written from a legal sociologist perspective with a qualitative approach. Four socialworkers were interviewed and the interviews were analyzed with an anti-racist theory and with the theory about freedom of action.</p><p>The conclusions is that the socialworkers mostly report childabuse to the police when the violence is physical. This means that children who describes to be subjected to psychological violence, including honourviolence, has poor legal security. Socialworkers describes honourviolence as a specific kind of violence that has to be lifted. Without knowledge they wont be able to help. They feel limited by the legislation and have invented <em>creative solutions</em> that focuses on the child’s best interest.</p>

<p>The opinion of social workers towards their work with children and young persons was</p><p>studied in this essay. Even their point of view with reference to the term the child’s best</p><p>interest has being considered and special focus was laid on the social workers attitudes</p><p>towards media coverage and its criticism towards their work. A qualitative approach was used</p><p>consisted of six interviews. The theoretical frameworks were based on the theory about</p><p>freedom of action and the theory of social representations. Our result showed that almost all</p><p>of the interviewees felt a relatively high freedom of action in their work within the framework</p><p>of the law and other policies and that despite the difficulties this can imply, they still enjoy</p><p>working with this target group. Concerning the term the child’s best interest, all of</p><p>interviewees said that it is very good that it exists but that it is also difficult to define since it</p><p>depends on whom one asks. Nearly all of the social workers thought that media coverage is</p><p>one-sided and very negative.</p>