Os estatutos, programas, disciplinas e exercícios dos alunos do curso preliminar da Bauhaus Vorkurs sob diretoria de W. Gropius são analisados neste trabalho a partir das teorias da Puravisualidade Sichtbarkeit e da Objetividade Sachlichkeit. Autores como K. Fiedler, A. Riegl, H. Wölfflin, entre outros, estabelecem as divisas da primeira corrente estética. A segunda, expressa por G. Semper, é usualmente associada à Bauhaus devido à sua abordagem da função. O objetivo é mostrar que, para uma compreensão mais ampla da pedagogia da Bauhaus, são necessários outros modos de análise, que não excluam os preceitos funcionalistas e sim os complementem. Desta forma, conceitos como função, técnica, plasmação, clarificação formal e visualidade são empregados para compreender tanto a prática quanto a teoria pedagógica da Bauhaus. No recorte desta pesquisa, Gropius, fundador e diretor da escola, é considerado por sua interlocução com os três docentes que ministraram o curso preliminar sob sua direção Johannes Itten, Josef Albers e Lazslo Moholy-­-Nagy. Estes diálogos não ocorrem necessariamente sob os mesmos tópicos e por isso são necessários para o entendimento integral do curso. Itten, introdutor do curso, estabelece como tema a definição dos elementos objetivos da atividade artística e seu domínio. Em um segundo momento, Albers e Moholy-­-Nagy reafirmam as conquistas de Itten, a quem substituem em um segundo momento, porém com um aprofundamento das questões vinculadas à indústria, caras à concepção de Gropius sobre o papel a ser desempenhado pela Bauhaus / The statutes, programs, disciplines and students\'work from the preliminary course at the Bauhaus Vorkurs on board of W. Gropius are analyzed taking Sichtbarkeit and Sachlichkeit as the background. Authors such as K. Fiedler, A. Riegl, H. Wölfflin, but not only establish the limits of the first. The second, denoted by G. Semper, is usually associated with the Bauhaus because of its function approach. The aim is to show that other methods of analysis, which does not exclude the functionalist precepts but complemente them, to a broader understanding of the pedagogy of the Bauhaus, are needed. Thus concepts such as function, technique, formation, form clarification and visibility are employed to understand both the practical, pedagogical theory as the Bauhaus. The unit school in clipping of this research is attributed to Gropius founder and director, lying dialogue in the three teachers who taught the preliminar course under his direction Johannes Itten, Josef Albers and Laszlo Moholy Nagy. These dialogues do not necessarily occur in the same topics and so are required for full understanding of the course. As its introducer, Itten establishes the theme definition of the objective elements of artistic activity and its domain. In a second step, Albers and Moholy Nagy reaffirm the achievements of Itten, who replaces the direction of travel, but with a deepening of the issues related to the industry faces the design of Gropius on the role to be played by Bauhaus.

En se focalisant méthodiquement sur l’étude de « l’imagination du mouvement» (sous-titre de l’ouvrage de 1943 intitulé L’air et les songes), la présente thèse vise avant tout à montrer qu’une véritable philosophie se déploie à travers la poétique de Gaston Bachelard.    Cette dernière articule de façon inédite, dans une perspective dynamiste, une théorie et une pratique de l’imagination dont la portée dépasse de loin le cadre d’une psychologie de la rêverie et de la création littéraire, à laquelle elle demeure trop souvent réduite : le philosophe montre en effet que les images des multiples mouvements qui animent le monde naturel (matériel, végétal, animal) ouvrent le sujet à l’expérience structurante d’une verticalité élémentaire dont le dynamisme défie et édifie sa propre verticalité psycho-physique, en l’aidant à « se tenir droit dans un univers redressé ». L’étude détaillée des images du mouvement permet ainsi de mettre au jour, au delà d’une psychologie originale, la portée ontologique, anthropologique et éthique de l’imagination bachelardienne. Cette étude passe par la mise en œuvre d’une singulière micro-phénoménologie dynamique, permettant une focalisation de l’attention sur les dimensions cognitive, kinesthésique et affective des images, à travers laquelle le « voir » en imagination (Première partie : l’image – mouvement) s’approfondit - dans une progressive incarnation - en « se mouvoir » (Seconde partie : l’image motrice) puis en « s’émouvoir » (Troisième partie : l’image émotive).Toutefois, loin d’enfermer le sujet dans une quelconque forme d’immanence psychologique, cette focalisation de l’attention intensifie sa présence au monde comme à autrui et, par là-même, engage un « agir » (Quatrième partie : l’image – acte) de part en part structuré selon le dynamisme de la verticalité.  La poétique des images de G. Bachelard délivre dès lors bel et bien une philosophie complète, sous-tendue par une pratique concrète de l’imagination, philosophie dont le foyer est une exigeante éthique de la verticalité, soucieuse d’orienter l'ensemble de nos mouvements dans le sens d’une « surexistence ». / By focusing on systematically studying "the imagination of movement" (subtitle of the 1943 book entitled The air and dreams), this thesis is primarily intended to show that a true philosophy unfolds through the poetics of Gaston Bachelard.The latter links in a new way, in a dynamic perspective, a theory and practice of imagination whose scope far exceeds the framework of a psychology of daydream and creative writing, to which it remains too often reduced: the philosopher shows that the images of different movement that animate the natural world (material, plant, animal) open the subject to structuring experience of an elementary verticality whose energy challenges and builds his own psycho-physical verticality. The detailed study of imaginative movement allows to unveil, beyond an original psychology, the ontological, anthropological and ethical meanings of bachelardian imagination.This study involves the implementation of a singular dynamic micro-phenomenology, allowing attention to focus on the cognitive, kinesthesic and affective dimensions of images, and through which the act of "seeing" in imagination (Part one : Seeing : The Movement Image) deepens - in a gradual incarnation – towards body movement (Second part : Moving : the images of motricity) and then towards "being moved" (Part Three : the images of emotion). However, far from locking away the subject in any form of psychological immanence, the focus of attention is intensifying its presence in the world as others and, thereby, involves an "action" (Part Four: Acting : the images of action) structured by the dynamic of verticality.Bachelard’s poetics therefore delivers a complete philosophy, underpinned by concrete practice of the imagination, philosophy whose focus is a demanding ethical verticality, anxious to direct all our movements in the sense of an increased existence.

Der Europäische Begriff vom Klang war historisch bis Beginn des 20. Jahrhundert mit der pythagoreischen Musiktheorie verknüpft. Das bedeutet, dass die Theorie harmonischer Schwingungen paradigmatisch war für die wissenschaftliche Akustik ebenso wie für die Musiktheorie. Als anscheinend einziger Theoretiker der Frühen Neuzeit hatte Francis Bacon Zweifel an diesem Ansatz angemeldet und sound-houses zur empirischen Erforschung des Klangs vorgeschlagen. Die Arbeit greift diese Spur auf und stellt sie in ihren historischen Kontext. Sie benutzt dazu eine kulturarchäologische Methode, die auch das historisch Unsichtbare berücksichtigt. Um den Begriff des nicht-pythagoreischen Klangs theoretisch zu modellieren, wird ein phänomenologischer Ansatz vorgeschlagen („Sonophänomen“), der auf der Erfahrung mit digitaler Sound/Audio-Technologie fußt. Die Arbeit rekonstruiert die Vorgeschichte der kulturellen Marginalisierung des nicht-pythagoreischen Klangs in Europa während der Antike und der Renaissance. Sie untersucht die kulturellen und biographischen Bedingungen, die es Bacon ermöglichten, aus der pythagoreischen Tradition herauszutreten, und kontrastiert seinen „verpassten Paradigmenwechsel“ mit Descartes’ erfolgreicher Transformation der Musiktheorie in die entstehende kanonische westliche Musikästhetik. Die Schlüsse, die gezogen werden, betreffen (1) die jahrhundertelange ‚kulturelle Taubheit’ gegenüber nicht-pythagoreischen Musikkulturen, (2) die Medientheorie von Musik- und Klangwerkzeugen, und (3) die linguistische Pragmatik des Begriffs „Klang/Sound“. / The European concept of sound was historically linked to Pythagorean music theory until the beginning of the 20th century. That means that the theory of harmonic vibrations was paradigmatic for scientific acoustics as well as for music theory. The seemingly only theorist of the early modern age being skeptical about this approach was Francis Bacon, who had envisioned sound-houses for a new kind of empirical sound research. The thesis focuses on this trace and puts it into historical context since antiquity. Its method is a cultural archeology that considers also the historically invisible. To make non-Pythagorean sound theoretically accessible, a phenomenological approach is used (‚sonophenomenon’) which is rooted in the experience of digital sound/audio technology. The thesis reconstructs the prehistory of the cultural marginalization of non-Pythagorean sound in Europe during Antiquity and Renaissance. It investigates the cultural and biographic conditions that enabled Bacon to leap Pythagorean tradition and contrasts hismissed paradigmatic change’ to Descartes’ successful transformation of music theory into the upcoming canonical Western aesthetics of music. The results being drawn concern (1) the 'cultural deafness' that prevented the acknowledgment of non-Pythagorean musical cultures for centuries, (2) the media theory of sound and musical instruments, and (3) the linguistic pragmatics of the concept of sound.

My art distills my relationship to spirituality, digital culture, and the practices and side-effects therein, into a simplified visual language. The work manifests in the form of paintings, drawings, and light sculptures. Meditation and mindfulness training are a large part of my influence and interests. I often wonder how mindfulness practice can be mirrored in my artwork, not only in my process for creating the work, but also with what the resulting imagery does for the viewer. My intention is to provide an art form that invites one to look and experience one’s own capacity to observe, without the need for immediate intellectualization. I wish to offer people an opportunity to focus their attention on the phenomenological sensations that emanate from the art, to take a step back from the conceptual part of the mind, and step into a part that’s more fundamental to our moment to moment reality.

Notre hypothèse de travail est la suivante : sous le couvert d’un pacte de fausseté et de jeu, Baudelaire met en œuvre le passage vers une poésie qui, pour s’interroger désormais profondément sur elle-même (fondements, référents, métamorphoses, essence et nécessité), exige et engendre sans cesse son foyer propre de vérité, au-delà de tout système. Ainsi, à la différence de ses prédécesseurs, le poète ne fait plus porter principalement son attention, ses efforts, ses doutes et soupçons, sur la portée lisiblement et socialement constructive de ce qu’il écrit, mais sur le rapport entre une apparence poétique ou artistique qui se tient (la figure, l’image) et le tréfonds de l’homme, soit un certain effondrement. La perspective esthétique et morale que nous cherchons donc à définir dans l’œuvre baudelairienne interroge le lien de la parole avec celui qui l’émet d’une part, et celui qui la reçoit d’autre part : la mise en cause de la langue en tant que vecteur effectif est donc posée, ainsi que la recherche anxieuse qui l’accompagne. À la fois nés et déjà distanciés du Romantisme, ce nouveau point de mire et cette réflexivité libèrent, exacerbent et menacent le poétique : c’est ainsi qu’à travers les motifs de l’hypocrisie, du mensonge, du masque, et de l’art lui-même, le poète défie cet idéal au fur et à mesure qu’il l’initie, tout en vivant une véritable passion poétique dans laquelle il s’investit et se consume, corps et esprit, non sans une forme d’intégrité. Tels sont les paradoxes envisagés. En quels termes peut-on parler de vérité poétique dans l’œuvre de Baudelaire ? En extrait-il l’idée vers un déploiement et une postérité assurément fertiles, ou bien l’étouffe-t-il dès sa source dans la clairvoyance qui le caractérise ? Une telle lucidité peut-elle travailler contre l’authenticité du geste artistique ? Où, quand et comment se joue donc le vrai du poème ? Pourquoi et vers quoi ? En quoi l’œuvre trouve-t-elle à travers ce fil une cohérence particulièrement éclairante en tant qu’initiatrice de la modernité ? Mais également, avec quelles limites ? Comment et pourquoi le sens poétique peut-il et doit-il échapper au souci dialectique, donc se jouer pareillement des travestissements et de toute adhérence systématique - notamment d’une fidélité à toutes les évidences de gravité ? Il s’agit donc de tenter de comprendre en quoi le poétique, à partir de Baudelaire, et conséquemment à son travail, dans les transports et substitutions qu’il suppose, dans son improuvable et sa mystification, mais également dans la rigueur qui le caractérise, peut-être mis est en rapport avec le vrai, non pas selon des systèmes constants extérieurs et préalables, mais selon des entrées, des perspectives interférant avec la parole créatrice, notamment avec l’expérience de l’inspiration, de la composition, et de la lecture du symbole. Puisque telle vérité ne peut évidemment pas être posée comme un théorème ou axiome positivement prouvés et applicables, elle ne sera donc pas envisagée à travers un prisme théorique et philosophique précis, mais bien confrontée méthodiquement à la littérarité du texte, au poème, en ce qu’il présente et initie une forme d’existence intrinsèque, dont l’originalité et le paradoxe seraient précisément de ne pas être positive, au sens d’appuyée sur quoi que ce soit de préjugé, où tendue à dessein vers un objectif prescrit. / Our working hypothesis is as follows : under the cover of a pact of falsehood and play, Baudelaire implements the passage toward a poetry which, in order to deeply question itself henceforth with regard to its groundings, referents, metamorphoses, essence, and necessity, requires and incessantly engenders its own center-of-truth beyond any system. Thus, as distinct from his predecessors, the poet no longer aims his attention, efforts, doubts and suspicions at the readably and socially constructive import of what he writes, but at the relation between a poetic or artistic appearance that holds together (the figure, the image) and the inmost depths of humankind, that is, a certain dejection or collapse. The esthetic and moral perspective we seek thus to define in Baudelaire’s work questions the connection between the word and the person emitting it on the one hand, and those receiving it on the other: hence the calling into question of language as an actual vector as well as the anxious research that accompanies it are posed. At once born of and already distanced from Romanticism, this new focus and reflexivity free, exacerbate, and threaten the poetical: thus, by way of the motifs of hypocrisy, lying, the mask and art itself, the poet challenges this ideal in the very process of initiating it, all the while living a veritable poetic passion in which he invests and consumes himself, body and mind, not without a form of integrity. Such are the paradoxes envisioned. In what terms can one speak of poetic truth in Baudelaire’s work? Does he extract the idea of it toward an unfolding and assuredly fertile posterity or else does he stifle the upsurge with his characteristic clairvoyance ? Can such lucidity work against the authenticity of the artistic gesture? Where, when, and how does trueness come into play in a poem ? Why and with a view to what? In what manner does the work, by way of this strand, find a particularly illuminating coherence as initiator of modernity? But equally, within what limits? How, why, can and must poetic meaning escape dialectical concerns and hence deceive, likewise, all travesties and systematic adherence — and especially faithfulness to all obvious facts of solemnity? It’s about attempting to understand in what way the poetical, starting with Baudelaire, and as a result of his work, within the transfers and substitutions it presupposes, in its unprovability and its mystification, but equally in the rigor that characterizes it, may be placed in relation with the true, not according to constant external and pre-existing systems, but according to access-ways, perspectives interacting with creative speech, namely with the experience of inspiration, composition, and the reading of symbols. Since such a truth obviously cannot be posed as a theorem or axiom positively proven and applicable, it will therefore not be envisioned through a precise theoretical and philosophical prism, but rather confronted methodically with the literariness of the text, with the poem, in that it presents and initiates an intrinsic form of existence whose originality and paradoxy would be precisely not to be positive, in the sense of supported by anything pre-judged whatsoever, or tending by design toward any prescribed objective.

Though we may not perceive it, we are surrounded by material-in-flux. Inert materials degrade and the events that comprise our natural and social environments causally thread into a duration that unifies us in our incomprehension. Sounds reveal ever-present vibrations of the landscape: expressions of the flexuous ground on which we stand.

Through discursive essays and poetic narrative, Antithetical Commentaries on X, Y and the Disruption of Being explores the tenuous relationship between modes of measurement and the struggle for human relevance in the post-contemporary digital age. In the introductory essay, “Not the Feather, but the Bird”, I give an overview of the inherent problems of object-oriented ontology, and how it relates to aesthetics and social issues of our times. In the Developmental Overview, I detail how I developed my installation approach and techniques, particularly with regard to the three-way dynamic of the artist:work:viewer relationship and how it can encourage a ‘transgression’ that leads to the possibility of a transformative awareness of being. Subsequently, I present a series of ‘antithetical’ commentaries that neither explain nor expand the installation, rather, they create a non-binary duality that, through an entirely non-linear anti-narrative, work to erode the overlay of personal, civic and collective grids present in the memory space/time referenced in the video, TAG. Finally, in “Grid: Towards a Transgressive Humanism.” I propose a path by which installation art might serve to create transgressive opportunities for viewers, rather than the transcendence sought through religious rituals, which often reinforce stigmas, fears and authoritarian social dynamics, or worse, the reductive loop, of many contemporary approaches to art which proclaim their detachment in wordy displays, essentially leading to a form of aesthetic nihilism. This Transgressive Humanism is not presented as a dogma, but rather a revitalization of the work as a vessel of possibilities, an agent of creative growth for the artist and the viewer.

Working through methods of abstraction and comedic mimicry I choreograph awkwardly balanced sculpture with objects of adornment as a means to defuse personal sensitivities surrounding my experiences of gender, desire, and home. The research that follows is concerned with the adjacent, the in between, above and underneath, because I feel that this kind of looking means that you are, to some degree, aware of what lies at the edges. Maybe this is what Gertrude Stein means to act as though there is no use in a center—because this concerns a way of relating, though there are many things in the room. ‘A spectacle and nothing strange’ is an arrangement of gestures, of made difference, of kinships, of orientations and possible futures, sustained tension, coded adornment, big dyke energy, shifts in hardness, leaning softness, much more than flowers, ...and in any case there is sweetness and some of that.

The purpose of this work is to detect a pattern: the concordance of Ethics and Aesthetics, Poetics and Politics in the most influential American thinker of the nineteenth century. It is an attempt to trace a basic concept of the Emersonian transcendentalist doctrine, its development, its philosophical meaning and practical implications. Emerson’s thought is analyzed genetically in search of the generating paradigm, or the set of axioms from which his aesthetic ideas as well as his political reasoning are derived. Such a basic structure, or point of convergence, is sought in the emergence of Emerson’s idea of universal laws that repeat themselves on all levels of reality. A general introduction is given in Part One, where the crisis in Emerson’s life is seen as representing and foreshadowing the deeper existential crisis of modern man. In Part 2 we follow the increasingly skeptical theologian’s turn to science, where he tries to secure a safe secular foundation for ethical good and right and to solve the problem of evil. Part 3 shows how Emerson’s conception of the laws of nature and ethics is applied in his political philosophy. In Part 4, Emerson’s ideas of the arts are seen as corresponding to his views of nature, morality, and individuality. Finally, in Part 5, the ancient and classical nature of Concord philosophy is brought into focus. The book concludes with a short summary.

La marchandisation de l’art se traduit par une dérive progressive de l'esprit de collection. Elle est notamment perceptible dans le désir de plus-value des collectionneurs, qui va de pair avec le fait que l'aura de la valeur artistique et esthétique d'une œuvre est fonction du prix qu'elle atteint en tant que marchandise de luxe dans les salles de vente. La valeur de l’art s’en est trouvée assujettie à un marché capitaliste dont les guerres ont paradoxalement favorisé la mondialisation. Ce marché de l’art, qui est en cours de restructuration permanente, favorise chez les artistes une course à la « starification » et à des cotations tout particulièrement ambivalentes. Faut-il en conclure que la marchandisation a pris le pas sur l'artistique, le prix sur la valeur de l’œuvre, le lucre sur l'esthétique ? Cette thèse défend l'idée que la force, et la ruse des œuvres d'art, se manifestent dans leur capacité, à se jouer du milieu religieux, idéologique ou imagologique dans lequel elles voient le jour. Cette force se révèle aujourd'hui dans l’aptitude du geste créateur, qui relève — Marcel Mauss l'a bien vu — fondamentalement du don et du contre-don, à faire voler en éclat les illusions engendrées par la marchandisation. En permettant à l’imaginaire de s’incarner à l’égal du réel, l’artiste ouvre le champ infini des possibles. C'est pourquoi la vie des œuvres d'art n'en finit pas de rendre le cosmos cosmétique, quitte à se servir du « lucre » comme d'un appât habile à stimuler le marché, dont se sert in fine, sa « main invisible ». / The commodification of art results in a gradual drift of the collection spirit. This is particularly noticeable in the desire of collectors for added value, which goes hand in hand with the fact that the aura of the artistic and aesthetic value of work depends on the price it has achieved as a luxury commodity in the sales rooms. The result was a subjugation of the value of art to a capitalist market whose wars paradoxally favored globalization. This art market, which is undergoing permanent restructuring, favors artists’ quest for « starification » and particularly ambivalent ratings. Must we conclude that commodification has overtaken the artistics, that the price is now beyond the value, the profit beyond the aesthetic ? This thesis defends the idea that force and cunning of works of art are manifested in their opportune ability to trifle with the religions, ideological or imaginary environment in which they emerge. This force is today identified in the aptitude of the creative gesture, which – Marcel Mauss saw clearly – is fundamentally a gift and a counter-gift, to smash to pieces the illusions engendered by the commodification. And strong work links the imaginary to the symbolics to become « real ». By making the imaginary equal to the real, the artist opens the infinite field of possibilities. This is why the life of works of art never ceases to make the cosmos cosmetic, even if it uses the « lucre » as a bait skilful enough to stimulate the market, which is, in fine, manipulated by its « invisible hand ».