• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 99
  • 97
  • 11
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 112
  • 112
  • 42
  • 37
  • 28
  • 26
  • 24
  • 22
  • 21
  • 21
  • 21
  • 21
  • 20
  • 19
  • 18
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

水庫移民政策轉變與執行:以瀾滄江為例 / Dam-induced Resettlement Along the Lancang River: Policy Change and Implementation

李泳雯, Sabrina Habich Unknown Date (has links)
中國經濟的快速成長導致電力需求的急劇增教。雖然現在主要仍是以煤炭的方式提供全國的電力,但中國政府也一直在尋找能有效降低環境污染的替代能源。因此“水力發電”在中國能源政策扮演的角色越來越重要--這時,擁有巨大水資源的雲南省就變成了中國西南的關鍵提電者之一。過去二十年之內,已有企業與政府針對該省重點的水力設施進行大量投資。然而,發展水電雖然有助於生產大量的電,也帶來眾多環境和社會層面的影響。中國政府承認這些反面的影響,因此開始了設計一系列水電發展政策來預防可能的嚴重後果。 本論文分析中國中央政府和雲南地方政府共同制定的水電移民政策,以及新政策對當地執行過程所帶來的影響。基於多元的田野調查,本論文顯示地方政府如何落實中央政府制定的政策。雖然這幾年中國的水庫移民政策有大量的改進,但因為建設大水電站涉及層面廣,時間長,安置過程久,所以中央政府政策的彈性調整,造成當地政府執行過程對不同時間的移民外置帶來不對等的安置,因此印發水庫移民的方抗。 / Policy-making of dam-induced resettlement is a dynamic process that shows how group interests have been distributed and adjusted during different stages of water resource development in China. Since 1949, China’s political direction, economic system and its national strength have been in constant flux, reflecting in the policy towards land appropriation and resettlement induced by water conservancy and hydropower projects. The present study focuses on the changes that have taken place in the area of dam-induced resettlement policy after 2006 when the first regulations on resettlement caused by water resource and hydropower projects were amended. It shows how this policy change is perceived by villagers relocated in the course of dam construction, and addresses the question of why policy improvements have not led to desired results. The paper first addresses policy change in the area of dam-induced resettlement over the past six decades. In subsequent sections, I draw on findings gathered during my doctoral fieldwork to demonstrate how the recent improvement of resettlement regulations for water resource and hydropower projects at the central level are translated into implementation strategies at the local level in Yunnan. I show that while delegating the implementation of resettlement processes to the lowest level of the administrative hierarchy allows for innovative policy experimentation and flexible adaptation, the long timespan needed for the construction of large dam projects gives rise to uneven policy implementation and resistance on the side of resettled communities.
102

論我國保險安定基金之改革-與英國金融服務補償計畫及我國中央存款保險公司相比較 / A study on the reform of insurance stabilization fund in Taiwan in comparison with the FSCS of the UK and CDIC of Taiwan

吳毓文, Wu, Yu Wen Unknown Date (has links)
我國在民國81年時,正式於保險法中立法規範保險安定基金之相關事項,迄今已逾十五年。在民國96年修法後,我國保險安定基金制度更有了重大變革:不但產壽險安定基金合併且組織實體化成為專責機構,保險法第143條之3也增訂了第一項第四~六款,擴大保險安定基金得辦理之事項,未來的角色不再只是單純的資金之收付、管理,而是更積極參與保險業之監理與退場機制之運作。而保險安定基金經歷如此大幅度的變革,無可避免將會面臨許多問題。 因此本研究將保險安定基金與金融制度完善之英國的金融服務補償計畫,以及處理我國存款金融機構退場事件經驗豐富,功能與組織皆堪稱完備的中央存款保險公司進行制度比較,並對於保險安定基金各層面改革之相關問題,諸如法律規範、組織架構、資金之徵收、資金不足之處理、各項工作執掌及作業、與其他單位之配合等事項,提出具體建議以供主管機關參考。 / The Insurance Stabilization Fund system of Taiwan, found in 1992, has operated for more than 15 years according to the Insurance Act. After the amendment of 2007, some major differences were brought to the system. First of all, the two originally independent foundations for life and non-life insurance stabilization fund would be merged and organized with substantial structure. Moreover, by amending article 143-3 of the act, the legislature expanded more functions for the stabilization fund. As a result, the Fund would no longer be just a “pay box”, but instead, handling the liquidation procedures, and providing constructive assistance to the regulation of insurers. However, with the scale and level of the reform, it is inevitable to face lots of challenges and problems. The following study dedicated to the introduction of the Insurance Stabilization Fund in Taiwan, the Financial Services Compensation Scheme of the UK and Central Deposit Insurance Corporation in Taiwan, then make thorough comparison over main aspects among the three systems. Through the analysis with these three systems, this study will provide solutions and recommendations to the conflicts that may occur.
103

俄羅斯中央與地方關係,1992~1999 / Russian Center-periphery Relations, 1992~1999

陳慶輝, Chen, Ching-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
俄羅斯聯邦是一個多民族國家,共有一百多個不同的民族生活在俄羅斯這塊土地上。這些少數民族有著自己的語言與文化,一有機會即想脫離俄羅斯獨立。尤其是車臣與韃靼斯坦這類文化差異較大的民族,一心渴望擁有自己主權。除了少數民族的獨立要求外,俄羅斯聯邦仍必須應付境內的地方主義聲浪。主要是因為俄羅斯的聯邦體制是由民族聯邦與區域聯邦結合而成的,境內有以民族為基礎的聯邦主體,同時也有以行政區域為劃分基礎的主體。 蘇聯晚期,俄羅斯總統葉爾欽為了與戈巴契夫爭權,喊出「你能夠拿多少主權就拿多少」的口號,各加盟共和國紛紛通過國家主權宣言,俄羅斯聯邦境內亦興起分離獨立氣氛。為了解決問題,葉爾欽於1992年3月與各聯邦主體分別簽署了3個聯邦條約,開始對中央與地方的權利義務關係作了說明。隨著政治情勢的變化,俄羅斯聯邦於1993年12月12日通過新憲法,明確的規範了中央與地方各自的權力,自此權力的行使有了依循的標準;1994年發生車臣戰爭,突顯出憲法無法解決所有問題,於是依據各主體需要簽訂的雙邊條約出現了,首先是俄韃條約,謂之「韃靼模式」。至此俄羅斯的聯邦體制大致完成。 俄羅斯聯邦體制的運作仍然存在許多問題,不論是在政治方面、經濟方面,甚或法律制度方面尚有不夠完善的地方。再加上地方主體的種類繁多,經濟條件、政治情況及文化取向差異甚大,影響著主體對聯邦關係的看法。因此要解決聯邦問題,就必須從制度上的缺陷及地方主體的態度來著手進行。 / Russian federation is a multi-national state, there are more than one hundred kinds of races. These minority races have their own culture and language, they desire to be independent from Russian federation, especially Chechenya and Tarstan. Besides independent demand, there still have localism in Russian federation. In Russian federation, there are two kinds of federal subject. One is ethno subject which based on races different from Russian, the other is territorial subject. Late years in Soviet Union, Russian president Yeltsin in order to struggle with Gorbachev, he said:“swallow what you can get”. Meanwhile, the Union Republics declare their sovereignty. The atmosphere in Russian federation is chaotic. To solve the problem, Yeltsin sighed three federal treaty with all subjects and define the right between center and subjects. Then 1993 passed the Russian Constitution, 1994 Chechen war exploded, that means constitution not suitable for every subject. Yeltsin decided to sign bilateral treaty with subjects, first one is Tartarstan Republic, called “Tartarstan Model”. Russian federal system still has several problems in politic, economic, and law, institution. Besides 89 subjects are so distinguished, their political condition, economic situation, culture are so different, all this affect their perception about federal relation.
104

我國公民投票審議委員會運作之研究 / The research on the operation of the referendum review commission of the Executive Yuan in Taiwan

江佳娜 Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究行政院下全國性公民投票審議委員會(下簡稱「審議委員會」)之運作;審議委員會依據公民投票法(下簡稱「公投法」)創設至本文2012年4月完稿截止,共經歷兩屆任期,已召開16次正式會議,並對12次人民提出之全國性公民投票案做成認定是否合於法律規定之決議;審議委員會係我國公投立法者特殊之創見,也是公投法立法過程中政黨協商之產物,因此,自第一屆審議委員會組成以來,其運作便無法擺脫政治爭議問題,即便第二屆審議委員會已依據大法官釋字645號解釋確立其合乎我國憲法之行政地位,有關審議委員會存廢之爭論仍沒有間斷過。 為探求審議委員會存廢爭議之答案,本文從靜態的制度面向及動態的實務面向加以研究,審議委員會運作之「價值」;本文以我國憲政權力分立制度為論述之基準,先從我國有關公民投票及行政程序之法律、制度變遷角度,探討審議委員會、乃至於包括審議委員會、中央選舉委員會及行政院訴願審議委員會在內之「行政上全國性公民投票審議機制」,其創設之合憲性,但主要上,本文還欲藉由審議委員會開會之實務案例研究,即歸納審議委員會16次正式會議過程之爭點,深入審議委員會的運作核心-如何審議人民提出之全國性公民投票提案。 本文認為,審議委員會不應貿然以公投法修法廢除之,只要審議委員會在審議過程中展現其「獨立性」,則現階段我國公民票制度之落實,仍有審議委員會發揮「協助人民有意義的行使創制、複決權」及「過濾人民提出之全國性公民投票提案」功能的必要,且可供公投法修正方向之鑑借;本文僅屬「初探」之研究,隨著審議委員會及有關其運作之司法實務經驗增加,相信審議委員會存廢之爭論亦會趨明朗。 關鍵詞:行政院公民投票審議委員會、大法官釋字645號解釋、中央選舉委員會、行政院訴願審議委員會、行政獨立性 / This paper is about a research of the operation of Referendum Review Commission of Executive Yuan (hereinafter referred to as “the Referendum Commission"). Until April 2012 the Referendum Commission has held 16 formal meetings and has reviewed 12 proposals for national referendum to determine whether those proposals meet the relevant provisions in the Referendum Act. Due to the fact that the establishment of the Referendum Commission is the result of negotiations between political parties, the operation of the Referendum Commission constantly causes controversy and the argument that the Referendum Commission should be abolished never ends even though the Judical Yuan Interpretation No. 645 has confirmed that the establishment of the Referendum Commission does not contradict the Constitutional of the Rupublic of China This paper discusses the basis of separation of powers in our constitutional system, starting with reviwing relevant laws and systems in respect of referedum and administrative procedures. Furthermore, the constitutionality of the establishment of relevant referendum review mechanism is examined, including the Referendum Commission, Central Election Commission and the Petitions and Appeals Committee of the Executive Yuan. This article also summarizes the issues raised in the 16th formal meeting of the Referendum Commission. This paper is of the opinion that the Referendum Commission should not be rashly abolished by amending the Referendum Act as long as the Referendum Commission is able to maintain its independancy in the process of exmination and that the existance of the Referendum Commission is necessary as it could assist people to exercise their tights of initiative and referendum and could ensure the smooth operation of the Referendum Act.
105

中國汽車產業的政治經濟學:國家資本主義的觀點 / The political economy of automotive industry in China: aspects of state capitalism

宋旻哲, Sung, Min Che Unknown Date (has links)
上世紀80年代中國產生了許多的變化,在經濟上採取較為開放的態度。汽車產業也在這樣的趨勢下與國外的跨國汽車企業合作,發展自己的汽車製造工業,至今中國已經成為最大的汽車製造國。為了發展汽車產業,中國透過國有企業與跨國企業合作成立許多合資公司,本文所取用的東風汽車集團與廣汽集團旗下都存在許多這樣的子公司。國家透過國有企業作為帶動產業發展的火車頭,但國有企業複雜的所有權問題牽涉中央與地方關係的運作,影響著汽車產業的發展。運用國有企業作為中介制度的同時,中央與地方關係也同時在運作,在長時間的發展下因國企所有權差異而產生的不同發展模型也逐漸變化,最終中國的汽車發展模式趨於類似。在這過程中,國家的影響實際上分做中央與地方同時進行,短期而言似乎看不到到中央的影響力,但就長期而言中央確實引導了中國汽車產業並助其發展。在理論方面,筆者以為中國汽車產業的成長長久以都是在國家資本主義的途徑上進行的,而非是發展型國家或管理型國家的模式。因為中國雖然引進市場經濟相當長的一段時間,但是實際上不管是中央還是地方的手都不曾離開過這個領域,即便是現在中國最主要的汽車生產與銷售仍舊以國有企業為主。 / China had has series transitions since 1980s years, and it had adopted open attitude at economical work. In this trend, state owner enterprises cooperated (SOEs) with foreign cross-national enterprises (CNEs) to develop self’s automotive industry. Now, China had become biggest country of automotive produce. For developing automotive industry, it established many companies by Chinese SOEs and foreign CNEs, for example Dongfeng motor group, Guangzhou automobile group. SOE like locomotive that it brings development, but it has problem of property that affect working of central-local relationship. While state utilizes SOE to be intermediary institution, central and local is continually interaction. In long time, ownership led to differently developmental model that was changed that trend to similar model. In fact, national affection is divide two parts: central and local. In short term, we difficultly observe central affection but, in long term, central affection is remake. In theoretically, I argue that Chinese automotive industrial development below to approach of state capitalism and it is not developmental state and regulatory state. China had work market economy but government, central and local, still intervenes domestic market, instead of major firm of Chinese produce and selling is SOEs.
106

教育委員会の活性化に関する基礎的研究 / キョウイク イインカイ ノ カッセイカ ニカンスル キソテキ ケンキュウ

小野 元之, Motoyuki Ono 07 March 2019 (has links)
博士(教育文化学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Education and Culture / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
107

我國獨立機關之組織定位與權責分工之研究——以通訊傳播管制為中心 / A Study on the Role and Functions of the Independent Agencies in Taiwan

林欣佑, Lin, Hsin Yu Unknown Date (has links)
傳統行政機關受限於「行政一體」之限制,必須服從上級機關之指揮監督,未必總是能夠確保行政權之行使係在專業性、公正性與中立性的考量下完成。這樣的國家組織運作,若遇上特定領域或產業,認為有進一步加以管制必要時,容易因無法及時地制定相對應的政策方針,而形成與世界潮流相悖的國家決策,甚至導致抑制國家社會進步的可能,故設置超然獨立的行政組織以確保決策公正、公平與專業即有其必要。 透過本文之研究觀察發現,通訊傳播領域常常因全球化之變遷、科技整合的趨勢與需求而有較大的浮動。對於此種變化,國家行政組織時常面臨著政策、法律上彈性回應之挑戰,由於有這樣的需求,故在組織改造之下,順勢推動了有別於傳統的行政組織,也是本文關注的主題—「獨立機關」。獨立機關在世界上之發展,儘管已經運轉將近一世紀,但不論學術界或實務界,迄今仍在努力透析獨立機關之概念、型態、組織地位與範圍之界定,與一般行政機關間之抗衡關係。本文擬以此方向探討我國獨立機關之組織定位與權責分工等問題,藉以理解獨立機關之設置與管制權限,是否的確為因應某項經濟或社會事務特殊需求,基於專業及去政治化目的考量而設置,且具有最重要的特徵—「獨立性」。另外,本文亦透過組織法上之討論,以表格化之研究模式,探析我國獨立機關之間被賦予之權限及任務為何,並援引美國與德國之法制架構,討論我國近年來引發許多法律上爭議之通訊傳播管制權責劃分疑慮。期能作為我國未來於通訊傳播管制之相關法令修正及實務運作之參考。
108

中央地方立法權限衝突與法規競合-從司法院大法官釋字第666號解釋談起 / 無(null)

楊秦岳 Unknown Date (has links)
地方自治是近代憲政的有機組成部分。無論對任何一種憲法體制來說,都需要把地方自治和地方分權問題作為民主國家不可或缺的內容,予以明確定位。 與此同時,很多國家和國際組織重申地方自治原則。1985年通過的多國條約《歐洲地方自治憲章》,1985年通過、1993年再次通過的《世界地方自治宣言》加重了對地方自治的關注,這意味著在今天,地方自治和地方分權的積極意義在世界開始得到討論,並逐步得到明確。與地方自治和地方分權相伴隨的是地方公共團體事務優先原則的確立,即市鎮村最優先、然後是省市縣優先的事務分配原則,而中央政府只負責全國民、全國家性質的事務。地方自治可定義為,國家特定區域的人民,由於國家授權或依據國家法令,在國家監督下自行組織法人團體,用地方的人力財力物力自行處理自己的事務的政治制度。 在中央地方立法權限上,以我國憲法為例,憲法第171條規定:「法律與憲法牴觸者無效。」第172條規定:「命令與憲法或法律牴觸者無效。」另外,中央法規標準法第11條:「法律不得牴觸憲法,命令不得牴觸憲法或法律,下級機關訂定之命令不得牴觸上級機關之命令。」在中央法制範圍內建構憲法、法律、命令的三層的上下位階關係。論及地方法規與中央法規之位階關係,由於地方自治團體所制定之地方法規,屬國家法律體系內之一部分,為求國家法律體系之完整及統一地方法規自應受法律位階理論之拘束。 故我國憲法第116條規定:「省法規與國家法律牴觸者無效。」、第125條規定:「縣單行規章與國家法律或省法規牴觸者無效。」。 在司法院大法官釋字第666號解釋中,我國社會秩序維護法第80條禁止性交易,究竟限制人民何種憲法上權利,主要有二種見解:其一主張涉及性自主權,其二主張涉及工作權。 後者最重要理由是提供性服務以收取對價應認為是一種職業而應納入憲法職業自由之討論。憲法第15條職業自由所稱之職業,原則上只要是人民用以謀生的經濟活動即足當之,毋庸沾染太多道德或價值判斷的色彩,至於該職業應否管制或如何管制始為正當,則是後續的問題。 性如果可能作為一種謀生的工具,人民有沒有以性作為謀生工具的自由?性販售行為可否受到憲法對職業自由的保障? 如果立法者不是採取全面禁止的手段,而是合目的性地鑑於政策需要,對從事性工作之方法、時間、地點等執行職業之自由,予以適當限制,則由於「根據職業自由的三階理論」此類管制手段性質上屬寬鬆之合理審查的範疇,立法者反而能獲取更大的政策形成空間。 爰上所述,本論文提出主要研究問題如下:宜蘭縣娼妓管理自治條例對於性販售行為僅僅有所管制,而非全面禁止,是否與社會秩序維護法第80條牴觸?宜蘭縣娼妓管理自治條例規範位階為何?是否為法律?宜蘭縣娼妓管理自治條例與與社會秩序維護法效力關係又為何?中央地方權限劃分對宜蘭縣娼妓管理自治條例效力影響為何?是否可直接逕依中央法律,亦即依據社會秩序維護法處行政罰?有無侵犯宜蘭縣政府地方自治權限空間疑慮?處罰之理由或相關理論基礎為何?中央地方法規衝突對憲法上性工作者之工作權保障程度及影響為何?地方政府的自治權限有無憲法保障且不容中央恣意侵犯領域?中央或地方法規其中之ㄧ經司法院大法官解釋宣告定期失效或立即失效時有何種影響? 兩者法律關係影響為何?究為取代關係或遞補關係?
109

春秋・戦国・秦漢時代の都市の構造と住民の性格

江村, 治樹 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:一般研究(C) 課題番号:62510192 研究代表者:江村 治樹 研究期間:1987-1989年度
110

中央與地方府際衝突之研究 / The Research on Conflicts between Central and Local Governments

高美莉, Kao, Mei Li Unknown Date (has links)
1999年地方制度法施行以來,地方極力爭取自主權,中央與地方自治團體間衍生多次衝突,爭議之層面涵括地方財政權、立法權及人事權等地方自治核心領域。針對中央地方衝突,司法院大法官作出多號解釋,惟並未定紛止爭,突顯出建立中央地方衝突解決機制之必要性。 本論文選擇五個衝突個案,分別是財政衝突的統籌分配稅款及地方積欠健保政府補助款;立法衝突之行動電話基地台自治條例牴觸案及台北市里長延選案;人事權衝突之縣市警察局長任免案。先以府際關係理論進行鉅觀分析,分析其府際關係網絡圖,突顯其網絡利害關係人,如何進行聯合或對抗。次以賽局理分論析中央地方之賽局策略選擇過程,進而賽局及報酬模擬分析。 期望透過各類型中央地方府際衝突個案研究,提出解決下列問題。一、釐清中央地方府際衝突之影響因素?二、究竟何為中央地方權限爭議解決機制?三、台灣府際衝突之關係網絡圖像為何?四、府際衝突賽局中之博奕過程模式為何? 本研究提出四項結論。一、法律與制度變遷與府際衝突交互運作影響;二、政黨對立為府際係衝突最關鍵影響因素;三、建立多元之協調解決機制,為解決府際衝突之有效措施。四、提出全觀型府際賽局理論,以詮釋我國府際關係衝突現象。 本研究並提出五項建議,有助於未來我國府際關係正向發展,一、釐清府際衝突深層網絡關係結構,二、擴大跨域合作府際關係,三、追求中央與地方府際之最適效益,四、邁向多層次之地方治理,五、體認「地方自治為憲法制度性保障」之真諦。 / Since the Local Government Act enacted in 1999, local governments strive for local autonomy; therefore some supervisory conflicts aroused between central and local government. Those conflicts related to law autonomous enactment, finance autonomous rights and personnel rights. Despite Judicial Interpretation No.550 and 553 had review above conflicts, disputes still remained unsolved, which proclaimed the importance of constructing the reconciliatory mechanism of conflicts. This study tries to analyze five conflict cases including tax redistribution fund, premium of National Health Insurance, cellular phone base management local act, the prolonged election of Taipei li-chairman and incumbency of police bureau chief. Four conclusions are drawn as below, first, legal and system change will affect the IGR conflicts mutually. Second, parties antagonism is a crucial factor for IGR conflicts. Third, multi reconciliatory mechanism of conflicts would be efficient, a holistic game theory could interpret those conflicts. The last chapter proposes recommendations such as to clarify the IGR networks structure, broaden the cross-boundary cooperation, pursuit the optimal payoffs, work towards a multi-level governance and comprehend the core meaning of “local autonomy as a system assurance”.

Page generated in 0.0194 seconds