全球趨勢大師戴維斯（Stan Davis）曾預言說：「未來二十年將是生物科技的時代！」，也有人說：「二十一世紀是生物科技的世紀。」事實上過去幾年來，我國也將生物科技產業列為國家級重點發展科技之ㄧ，並投入相當大的金額輔助產業之發展，生物科技產業是技術與知識密集的產業，而知識是整個產業與企業發展最重要的元素，但由於生技產業在我國屬發展初期且創新能力尚嫌不足，因此，由技術知識本質來探討我國生物科技公司之創新行為便對產業會有所貢獻。 本研究主要採用文獻探討以及個案訪談作為主要的研究方法，先藉由文獻探討建立起論文整體之架構以及相關理論之說明定義所需探討之研究變項，之後再透過六間生技產業各領域之標竿企業的訪談加以實證。本研究所探討之創新行為是以Leonard-Barton之創新模式作為研究基礎，再以「技術知識特質」與「中小企業特質」來探索對創新行為之影響。而可得到以下初步之研究結論： 一、生技產業專案類型與中小企業特質之關係： 1.生物科技公司會因不同類型專案之開發目的與需求而追求技術自主性； 2.生物科技公司正式化程度會受法令與規範之影響； 3.生物科技公司會因不同類型專案專案人員自主性不同。 二、生技產業專案類型與技術知識特質之關係： 1.不同類型之生物科技公司，其技術知識特質亦不相同。 三、中小企業特質與創新行為之關係： 1.高度的技術自主程度，也會明顯提高組織對失敗之容忍度； 2.高度的技術自主程度，使得深奧技術知識變的容易溝通； 3.高度的正式化程度，使團隊很重視非正式的互動與交流； 4.高度的專案成員自主性，較鼓勵以摩擦性創造作為解決問題的方式。 四、技術知識特質與創新行為之關係： 1.技術知識內隱程度會影響共同解決問題時創造性摩擦的鼓勵以及解決問題的方式； 2.技術知識內隱程度並不會影響執行與整合新技術時使用者參與的程度； 3.技術知識內隱程度越低，越鼓勵實驗風氣； 4.技術知識內隱程度不同，外部學習的關鍵人物也不相同； 5.系統複雜程度越低，會降低專案團隊織成員異質性，問題解決方式傾向專業分工處理而非密集討論； 6.系統複雜程度會影響組織進行創新型試驗的意願； 7.系統複雜程度會影響組織進行知識吸收來源的廣泛程度； 8.路徑相依程度不同，會影響技術執行與整合的方式。

在面臨知識經濟的潮流下，隨著全球化、知識化的衝擊以及快速發展，有效的取得前瞻技術已成為企業建立與維持競爭優勢的重要手段，科學與技術的創新能力亦成為國家強化產業領導地位、厚植總體競爭力的主要方式。 　　經濟部科技專案計畫每年均投入相當經費，委託研究機構及產業界從事產業技術之研發，期能強化國內產業之競爭優勢，並有效提升產業研發能力及開創新興科技產業，最終目的在推動我國成為高附加價值製造中心；但由於經濟部技術處人員嚴重不足，因此乃採取委外方式辦理，以降低人力負荷，並活用民間資源。 　　本研究目的主要針對科技專案委外之實際面，就推動委外的歷史演變、政策法規、決策模式，做廣泛而深入與探討，並透過委託人、代理人及審查專家，做質性訪談，探究委外關係策略及過程，期望對於科技專案計畫委外之作業機制，提出精進之建議。 　　經過上述的研究程序，本研究發現以下結論：1.組織面：(1)技術處委外歷史背景為由下而上，促成辦理。(2)委外以資金換取無形成本，而有形成本並未降低。(3)以代理人執行作業，卻由委託人擔負責任，權責不相當。(4) 從事研發工作之代理人大多為政府扶植財團法人。2.管制面：(1)行政控管著重進行過程甚過於執行結果。(2)研發控管方式著重預定標準及實際績效。(3)每年簽約作業繁複瑣碎，致使信任降低。3.心理面：(1)公務事不再是終身職。(2)沿用以往模式，陷入行動慣性，成功假象！ 相關的建議如下：1.技術處應建立責任歸屬模式。2.技術處應簡化作業流程、資訊上線。3.技術處應預期並重視合約終止的處理方式。4.執行單位應強化中階主管的穩定性，對於專家對談監督機制，輔以一約多年之合約。 關鍵字：科技專案計畫、委外、政府採購法、管理 / Nowadays many governments seek factors influencing the economic growth of a country to continue developing and to be more competitive in a rapidly changing and globalizing world. In this era of knowledge-based economy, knowledge is often assumed to be the fundamental resource. It is a crucial factor for the economic growth of a country. How to produce and create more knowledge is deemed to be one of the most crucial tasks of a government. One way of producing knowledge is investing in research and development (R&D) to develop new technologies. Recently, many studies suggest that a new technology that raises higher total productivity is one of the factors to the economic growth of a country. So for countries and private enterprises it is especially important to have access to leading, advanced and key component technologies. Each year the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) of Taiwan invests a lot in public research and development. They started the “scientific technology development project”, to develop new technologies, especially industrial technologies. MOEA expects these huge investments to strengthen the innovative capabilities of Taiwanese industries and to upgrade Taiwanese industries. Due to heavy workloads and insufficient human resources in the Department of Industrial Technology (DOIT) , DOIT needs to outsource these scientific technology development projects to research institutes and corporations. DOIT expects to take advantages of the efficiency and flexible organizational structure of the private sector. Hence, recently the issue towards “government outsource” catches more and more attentions than ever. The main purposes of this research paper are as followed. Through qualitative interviews with civil servants, governmental officers, outsourcers, agents and specialists and context analysis, this research paper would like to have an overview on the historical background, the current situation of DOIT’s outsource and its management, to describe the difficulties and problems for the outsourcer (DOIT) and the agents (research institutes and corporations). This research paper would also illustrate policies, legal part, such as public procurement act and decision-making strategies of outsourcing of DOIT. At the end, this paper will give suggestions for DOIT’s outsource. First of all, from organizational aspect, the important findings are as followed. 1.Originally, the demand of outsource exists earlier than the supply. More precisely, the agents reinforce the government to have a way working on scientific technology development projects properly. 2.DOIT subsidizes the research institutes to carry out these projects in order to exchange intangible assets of the research institutes, such as human capital and so on. Nevertheless, the real cost is not less. 3.The agents carry out these projects, but outsourcer needs to take the responsibility of the consequences. 4.Most agents are research institutes, which are fully subsidized by the government. Secondly, from the governing and managing aspect, the findings are as below. 1.Administrative governance puts more emphasis on the executive process of these projects than the results per se of the projects. 2.About the management of research and development results, DOIT focuses on the comparison between anticipating and real effects. 3.Each year the outsourcing contracts between DOIT and those agents have to be either re-new or re-made. It makes the relationship between two parties less reliable. Thirdly, from the psychological aspect, the subsidies from government for the agents are less and less. And repeating the same way will be the tarp of inertia for outsourcers and agents and it will make it difficult to have breakthrough or new ides. Finally, in this research paper give some suggestions to the findings for the governmental outsourcing management for scientific technology development project. 1.DOIT needs to clearly state who should take responsibility. 2.DOIT should simplify the procedure by making better use of information communication technologies. 3.DOIT should emphasize more on finding a better way in coping with the termination of an outsourcing contract. 4.The original governing and managing module should be revised. New module, “peer review” and multi-year contract, should be taken into consideration. Keywords: Scientific technology development project, Outsourcing, Public procurement act, Management

本研究是以Logit迴歸模型建立台灣2004年Q1至Q3某一本國銀行授信 行業別為電子科技產業、定義為大額授信戶之公開發行公司共46家，特性為同質性電子產業其中資產及營收達一定規模以上之樣本公司作為研究對象，並運用Logic模型導入變數，將此類財務危機樣本公司予以分析，探討發生財務危機是否在銀行借款比率、財務操作比率、或有負債比率等方面產生相關性之研究。 本研究實證結果顯示，在銀行借款變數方面，銀行借款金額佔營收之 比率與發生財務危機企業呈現正相關，顯示危機企業的銀行借款比率偏高，對金融機構舉債過高易週轉不靈; 在財務操作方面，衍生性金融商品部位佔營收比率與發生財務危機企業呈現正相關，顯示危機企業對衍生性金融商品之財務操作太過度，易發生財務危機; 在或有負債方面，對子公司之背書保證金額佔營收之比率與發生財務危機企業呈現正相關，顯示危機企業對子公司或有負債之過度保證，易發生財務危機。 由實證結果得知將這些變數納入模型，會增加模型的預測能力，因此可 以從這些變數歸納出一些端倪，達到事先預防的功能。

本研究旨在探討學前教師資訊科技融入教學現況及其相關影響因素。首先瞭解學前教師資訊科技融入教學之定義、內涵與現況；其次分析不同背景變項及內外在因素對學前教師資訊科技融入教學之差異情形；第三，分析影響資訊科技融入教學因素與資訊科技融入教學之相關；最後影響學前教師資訊科技融入教學因素對學前教師資訊科技融入教學各層面之預測力。 本研究透過文獻分析，以及問卷調查法來了解資訊科技融入教學的現況，及其相關影響因素。本研究之母群體為台北縣市幼稚園、托兒所教師及園所長，採分層抽樣進行取樣，老師和園長各發出480份問卷，老師的有效問卷為51%，園長的有效問卷為58.1%。使用工具為自編「學前教師資訊科技融入教學之應用量表」、「影響學前教師資訊科技融入教學因素之量表」及「園所長對資訊科技融入教學態度之量表」，問卷回收後，使用SPSS 12.0 for windows套裝軟體進行描述性統計、信度分析、效度分析 、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Scheffé多重比較、皮爾森積差相關、逐步多元迴歸來分析資料。本研究主要結論如下： 壹、在園所電腦基本資料分面 一、台北縣市之園所資訊設備非常普及 貳、在學前教師資訊科技融入教學方面 一、大部分的老師均有進行資訊科技融入教學 二、資訊科技融入教學的模式以「教學前準備」和「教學中活動」表現 最佳 三、資訊科技融入教學的程度以「資訊科技的初步應用」表現最佳 四、「園所屬性」、「園所位置」、「教學經驗」、「教育程度」、 「電腦課程經驗」和「研習時數」對學前教師資訊科技融入教學均 有顯著影響 參、影響資訊科技融入教學因素方面 一、「教學信念」是影響學前教師資訊科技融入教學最大的因素 二、「資訊素養」是影響學前教師資訊科技融入教學的次要因素 三、學前教師的資訊素養以「基本軟體知能」最佳 四、學前教師的資訊素養以「電腦在教學上的應用」最差 五、「園所屬性」、「園所位置」、「教育程度」、「電腦課程經驗」 和「研習時數」對影響學前教師資訊科技融入教學之因素均有顯 著影響 肆、在影響園所長對資訊科技融入教學態度方面 一、園所長對資訊科技融入教學的看法均表示認同 二、園所長願意投入資訊科技融入教學之意願高 三、「園所屬性」和「園所位置」均會對園所長資訊科技融入教學產生 顯著影響 伍、學前教師資訊科技融入教學與影響資訊科技融入教學因素兩者關係方 面 一、「影響資訊科技融入教學之內外在因素」與「學前教師資訊科技融 入教學」呈現正相關 二、「影響資訊科技融入教學之因素」對「學前教師資訊科技融入教 學」具有預測力 最後研究者根據研究結果，分別對園所長、學前教師、師資培育機構、研習機構以及後續相關研究提出建議，以期對未來資訊科技融入學前教育有所助益。 關鍵詞：學前教師、園所長、資訊科技融入教學、資訊素養 / The main purpose of this study was to:(1) Understand definition, connotation and current situation of technology integration instruction. (2) Explore technology integration instruction data between different backgrounds and influence factors. (3) Analyze the relationships between influence factors and technology integration instruction. (4) Explore the predictive power of influence factors on the part of technology integration instruction. To accomplish these purposes, the methods were adopted literature review and questionnaire, which served as the basis of this study. In questionnaire aspect, was executed public and private kindergartens and nursery schools in Taipei city and county. This research was executed by questionnaire survey. “Preschool teachers technology integration instruction questionnaire",“influence factors of technology integration instruction questionnaire”and“Principals’ attitude on technology integration instruction questionnaire”were designed from literature by myself to collect data. By means of stratified random sampling.The samples include 480 principals (effective return rate is 58.1%) and 480 teachers (effective return rate is 51%).The questionnaire data analyzed statistically by description statistics,reliability analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé posteriority comparison, Person-moment correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis through the use of SPSS 12.01 for windows. The major results were summarized as follows: A.In the aspect of technology equipment a.Technology equipment in Taipei city and county are very universal. B.In the aspect of technology integration instruction a.In the main of preschool teachers are implement technology integration instruction. b.It’s usually implement technology integration instruction on “prepare of teach” and “teaching”. c.The best dimension is “technology preliminary application”. d.“Taipei city and county”, “public and private”, “teachers’ years of teaching”, “educational degree of teachers",“computer’s learning experience”and “research and study hours” have significant influences on preschool teachers implement technology integration instruction. C.In the aspect of influence factors of technology integration instruction a.The best influence factors of technology integration instruction is“Teaching-belief”. b.The second influence factors of technology integration instruction is“Information Literacy”. c.The best information literacy in preschool teachers is “basic software knowledge”. d.The worst information literacy in preschool teachers is “computer use in instruction”. e.“Taipei city and county",“public and private”, “educational degree of teachers”, “computer's learning experience"and“research and study hours” have significant influences on influence factors of technology integration instruction. D.In the aspect of principals’ attitude on technology integration instruction a.All of the principals are identification with technology integration instruction. b.The best part of principals are willing invest in technology integration instruction. c.“Taipei city and county” and “public and private” have significant influences on principals’ attitude on technology integration instruction. E.In the aspect of relationships between technology integration instruction and influence factors of technology integration instruction a.There was positive correlation existed between “influence factors of technology integration instruction” and “technology integration instruction”. b.“Influence factors of technology integration instruction” did promote“technology integration instruction”. In the last part, the researcher, based on the findings, proposes some suggestions for the principals, the preschool teachers, the teacher training institutions, the research and study institutions and the future researchers, hope to benefit accelerant technology integration instruction in preschools in the future. Key words: preschool teacher, preschool principal, technology integration instruction, information literacy

被動元件產業向來是台灣在扮演資訊電子製造業王國角色上的重要推手，對於現有業者與企盼進入的業者而言，在市場需求快速成長的吸引下，極需要一個經營策略的指導方針才能在競爭激烈的市場上佔得一席之地。本研究主要的目的在於針對積層陶瓷電容器產品，利用個案公司之營運策略與規劃，提出相關建議以作為有志深耕於此領域之業者的參考，同時供後續研究者進一步的探討。 本研究的主要根據Aaker的理論架構基礎來進行內在與外在分析，同時探討研擬策略規劃方向。整個研究架構分為四個階段：一、探討相關的文獻，以作為研究的原則基礎。二、進行內外在分析，以界定外在環境中可能發生的機會與威脅，並確認出該產業的關鍵成功因素，同時分析個案公司所擁有的優勢與劣勢。三、根據前述的分析結果歸納出個案公司所面臨的問題。四、提出可行的策略方向與目標，並擬定個案公司之競爭策略和營運策略。

「創新」與「研發」是高科技產業推動組織營運的重要後盾，並且需要藉由研發人員貫穿其間將新舊知識串連以開創新的知識領域，同時必需有效管理與運用逐漸累積形成的珍貴知識資源。然而，以往對於研發單位的績效衡量研究多以投入與產出的生產力觀點，此種模式淡化了知識工作者與研發團隊間知識互動與創新形成的過程，同時無法明確區隔研發部門與其他事業單位對於研發績效影響的差異；因而在研究中深入剖析研發單位的「研發管理實務」，並且試圖從中瞭解影響創新績效的關鍵因素。 本研究的研究程序分為三大部份，首先經由文獻回顧導出初步的觀念性架構，再以此理論觀念模式為主導進行個案訪談，並且經過跨個案綜合分析後進行初步觀念模式的調整，接續以此調整後的模式當成調查研究的實證研究架構，並且依據此模式進行研究問卷的設計。在研究中實地訪談六家電子產品研發製造的高科技公司，並從中解析組織推行研發管理實務的相關資訊，之後再以調查研究法探究台灣地區高科技產業研發管理實務的運作情形；因而先以質性再以量化的方式同時進行高科技產業之研發管理實務推行的瞭解與驗證。 研究中發現研發管理實務的推行主要受到高階管理階層涉入程度的影響，其中高階主管的高階權力型態可據此分為二類：「預應式」與「因應式」，前者高階主管主動積極參與研發專案的主導，給予研發人員實質經費補助參與外部學習與洽商的活動，因而使得研發人員感受到較多的關注與重視，影響其對於研發工作的投入程度；而後者相對較少。另一項直接影響研發管理實務運作的因子為研發主管的領導風格，研發主管是主要帶領與規範研發單位運行的人物，鼓勵與協助研發人員的專業知識學習和成長，同時凝聚與營造研發團隊的士氣與氣氛，與研發人員間具有深刻的互動。 而在研發管理實務推行過程中，同時需要藉助辦公室支援與聯盟的協助，以提升研發人員的專業知識養成與技術文件的撰寫和使用頻率，此資源是促使研發工作順利運作的重要樞紐；而研發經費、設備購置與設施規劃的資源輔助，對於研發績效具有舉足輕重的影響效果。然而，影響研發管理實務與創新績效間的更重要成因是研發人員的內隱知覺部份；換言之，研發人員內心對於研發管理實務推行的感受與高階管理階層的互動程度是主要影響成效的因素，並非研發單位提供給予研發人員的各項外顯形式，可知研發單位的提供的框架形式擂同，但彼此間的溝通與相互扶持成為提升創新績效的無形助力。總之，高階管理階層結構主導研發管理實務的運作過程，而研發管理實務的落實程度與相關支援的協助，以及資源輔助釋放出來的能量，是同時決定研發創新績效程度的關鍵。 / As the global competition becomes ever-intensive, and businesses have fewer areas on which to hinge their competitive advantage, innovation capability is emerging as the key source of competitive advantage. The R&D team in a business, which is responsible for most of its innovations, thus plays a vital role in business survivability. This paper seeks to identify the variables that affect the innovation performance of R&D teams and investigate the interactions among the variables. A research framework is first established by literature review, and then adjusted according to case studies of six high-tech companies in Taiwan. The adjusted model is subsequently tested by a survey of high-tech companies in Taiwan. It is concluded that the management style of the higher authority and the leadership of R&D manager are the main forces that determine the R&D management practice. The educational background, work experience, and the expertise of R&D managers do not distinguish the level of discipline and the sophistication of R&D management practice. Some aspects of R&D management practice can be reinforced by office support and alliance, for example, the generation and utilization of technical reports and the cultivation of professional knowledge. With adequate resource support, more sophisticated R&D management practice does lead to better innovation performance which is measured by number of new products, patents, and technical reports.

摘要 台灣生物科技產業，近年來在政府大力推動下，投資金額、企業營收、就業率與新創公司數逐年成長。然而台灣生物科技水準與美歐日等先進國家相比，技術層次仍有待加強，而台灣生物科技產業發展，相較於美歐日等地區生物科技產業的蓬勃發展，仍屬於播種萌芽，逐漸起飛的階段。 台灣發展新興產業的關鍵因素：如人才、資金、技術等關鍵資源極為有限，因此若能藉由地理區域的集中，來凝聚上述有限的關鍵資源，或可加速台灣生物科技產業的發展。 本研究藉由實地參訪和個案研究；再輔以次級資料（公開文件）的蒐集、整理與分析，來探討生物科技產業聚落發展的關鍵因素。研究對象包括：美國的生物科技產業聚落（Philadelphia，New Haven，Boston，RTP、North Carolina）及歐洲瑞典的生物科技產業聚落（Stockholm / Uppsala，Gothenbrug，Malmo / Lund，Linkoping，Umea）等。 由於生物科技公司是生物科技產業聚落的構成主體，因此首先就企業經營管理的觀點，探討生物科技新創公司形成的關鍵因素；另就產業聚落發展的觀點，探討生物科技產業聚落發展的關鍵因素：如生產要素條件、相關與支援性產業、產業聚落的成長與回饋等；再探討生物科技產業聚落內，使得新事業源源不斷形成，產業聚落得以永續發展的機制；最後由先進國家生物科技產業聚落發展的經驗，對台灣地區發展生物科技產業聚落的政策意涵，提出相關建議。 經由本研究可以得到下列發現：生物科技新創公司最重要的生存方式，在於如何善用環境外部資源，來突破企業內部資源的有限性。而生物科技產業聚落不是無中生有，首先必須先存在大學及研究機構等專業化生產要素，才會設立科學園區或育成中心。大學及研究機構現有的研究領域，決定科學園區或育成中心的發展特色。生物科技公司是生物科技產業聚落的構成主體，而生物科技新創公司形成的機制（如種子基金的設置等）是產業聚落永續發展的驅動力量。種子基金、科學園區或育成中心分別為產業聚落發展重要的無形及有形的連結機制。 / Abstract The amount of investment, the revenues and the employment of firms, and the number of start-ups, within Taiwan biotechnology industry, promoted by the government, increased gradually. However, the level of biotechnology, compared with other developed countries, seems still a lot to be upgraded. Moreover, the biotechnology industry developed in Taiwan is still in the early stage. Therefore, the limited key resources such as talents, capital, technology, if can be concentrated in a specific region, then the emerging industry like biotechnology industry may be developed faster. The study is, use of the field and case study, and the secondary data collected, to explore the key success factors in the development of biotechnology industry clusters. The cases studied include American biotechnology industry clusters, like Philadelphia, New Haven, Boston, RTP-North Carolina, and Sweden biotechnology industry clusters, like Stockholm-Uppsala, Gothenbrug, Malmo-Lund, Linkoping, Umea. Because the biotechnology firms are the building blocks of biotechnology industry clusters, it is first to explore the key success factors of the formations of new ventures from the perspective of business administration. From the perspective of cluster development, it is to explore the key success factors of the formations of new clusters such as the production factors, the related and supporting industry, the growth and feedback of clusters. The mechanism about new ventures growing forever to sustain the clusters development is then explored. From the experiences of these developed countries in the clusters development, the study proposes some suggestions about the policy making on the biotechnology clusters development in Taiwan. From the study, there comes the following finding：The biotechnology ventures leverage the resources from the environment to overcome the limited resources within the firms. The biotechnology clusters can be happened nowhere. First, there will be existed some professional production factors such as universities and research institutes, then come the science-park and incubator. The universities and research institutes define the characteristics of the science-park and incubator. The mechanisms about the formation of new ventures such as the seed fund become the driving forces of biotechnology clusters. The seed fund or the science-park and incubator are the intangible or tangible linkage mechanisms about the formation of biotechnology clusters.

台灣地區的IC設計產業，近幾年來的發展十分蓬勃，總產值排名全球第二，僅次於北美，全球市場佔有率約22%左右；截至2005年底，台灣IC設計業者總數已達268 家，其中有8家業者擠進全球前30大IC設計公司排行榜。 除了一些規模屬中、大型的IC設計業者有機會站上國際舞臺，且生命力相對穩定，其他小型台灣IC設計業者若無創新技術以及經營策略做為武器，很難在競爭激烈的市場中存活。 本研究嘗試分析台灣IC設計業的現況，找出其全球競爭的優勢，並以一台灣小型IC設計公司的創業實例，結合吳思華教授的策略三構面以及Scott A. Shane科技創業聖經的分析，試圖找出小型IC設計公司的成功之道，供其他新創IC設計公司做決策時的參考。 本研究旨在回答下列三個問題： 一、 探討台灣新創小型IC設計公司如何選擇公司創立時的產品方向。 二、 台灣新創小型IC設計公司因各項資源短缺，如何選擇適合的營運模式。 三、 小型IC設計公司沒有市場知名度，如何做上下游的合縱連橫，才能成功銷售產品。 本研究得到下列結論： 一、 組成有較高技術能力的研發團隊，找出有技術門檻的產品，可擺脫與其他小型IC設計公司直接競爭的可能性。另外，應找出市場規模不大但穩定成長的產品，因為這種市場的需求量不符合大公司的經濟規模，大型IC設計公司比較不想進入相同的市場。而且因為市場規模不大，產品單價較高，毛利率可相對提高。雖然市場需求量不是非常大，但是小公司的營業費用較低，若產品的毛利率高，且市場穩定成長，公司獲利的機會就高。 二、 小型IC設計公司的資金以及人員不足，無法自行完成所有前後段IC設計，需要外包後段IC設計以及生產安排；而且如果增加後段IC設計的人員，會造成整個公司的營業費用變高，若市場規模不大，獲利的機會將會降低。 因此，小型IC設計公司應利用台灣IC產業完整的供應鏈supply chain做互補性資產，慎選供應商以快速切入市場。 三、 小型IC設計公司應利用台灣製造業王國主導關鍵零組件選擇權的優勢，並利用Local Support達成Time to market的優勢，與大企業合作共同尋找潛在產品，並以利潤分享模式，確定顧客願意使用以及推廣，保障基本營收，借力使力克服其他客戶對小型公司的疑慮，進而開拓市場知名度，增加長期競爭力。 / The development of IC design industry has been prosperous for the recent years in Taiwan. The total production value ranks the second in the worldwide, and the entire production value takes up 22% share among the worldwide market, only being inferior to that in North America. The number of IC design companies has been increasing to 268 ones in Taiwan, up to the end of the year 2005; eight of which even squeezed into the worldwide top 30 companies at the ranking chart. It is only the medium and large companies that stand a fair chance to sparkle themselves on the international stage, and they fill with steady vitality as well. As for other small ones, it will be hard for them to survive in the keen competitive market if they are deficient of the innovative technology and managerial strategy as their weapons. The gist of this research focuses on analyzing the current situation of Taiwan IC design industry and exploring its superior advantage against the global competition. A real case is taken from a Taiwan small start up IC design company with which combined Dr. Wu’s “three aspects in strategy” in his “The nature of the Strategy” and “Finding Fertile Ground” by Scott A. Shane. It is the purpose to try to find out a road leading the small start up IC design companies to achieve success and to hope that can be a strategic reference for the new start up IC design companies. The object of this research is to answer the questions listed below: 1. Discussing how a small start up IC design company sets his direction in defining their product during the initial period. 2. How can a small start up IC design company choose a proper business model under the limited company resources. 3. Being lack of the market prestige of a small start up IC design company, how to jointly and coordinately cooperate with his strategic customer to have their products enjoy a steady and successful sale? This research concluded the followings: 1. Composing R/D team with greater inventive ability and inventing some products with more difficult threshold in order to get rid of the directly competitive possibility with other small IC design companies. Moreover, they should find out the product without huge market demand while it owns stable growth rate. Since the demand at the market does not meet the economy scale of big companies; thus, the big companies would rather not get into the same market. And since the market demand is not big, the products selling price can be higher, the more gross profit they can get in this kind of small market. Although there is not a great demand for the product, the small companies can still get better profit from the lower business expense, and the small company can be profitable due to the steady growing market demand. 2. Small start up IC design companies might be lack of sufficient capital and employees, so they can not complete both the front end and the back end IC design process alone. Thus outsourcing the back end IC design process and production arrangement are necessary. Otherwise, the business expense will be too high if they increase the labor force of the back end engineering. The overall profit will get worse if the market demand is not big. So, small IC design company should make good use of the sufficient supply chain in Taiwan IC industry as a supplementary asset, and select the suppliers by higher criteria, then penetrate the market timely. 3. Taiwan electronic manufacturing industry has occupied a dominant position in key components, so the small IC design companies should take advantage of that, and use the strength of “local support” to achieve the advantage of “time to market”. Cooperate with big firms in order to find out the potential products. Small companies can take profit sharing business model to ensure the strategic customers have the willingness to use and promote their products. Then the other customers can spontaneously eliminate their concern toward a small start up company. In this way, the small start up company can assure to gain a basic income first; furthermore, they would enjoy a positive increasing market reputation and a stronger long term competitive capability.

體驗行銷近年來在實務界引起相當程度地討論，多數的行銷活動與廣告，均有某種程度地使用體驗行銷作為溝通，廠商已認知必須抓住消費者的經驗感受與情感，才能創造出觸動人心的品牌，也才能獲取消費者喜好。 　　有鑒於目前國內外學術研究，少去探討科技產品與體驗行銷之關聯，本研究特別以第三代行動通訊作為行銷產品，並單一討論廣告媒介。由於第三代行動通訊的高娛樂性，本研究延伸科技接受模型，納入知覺有趣性作為衡量變項，企圖探討體驗訴求之廣告所帶來的四種樂趣(感官愉悅訴求、心智愉悅訴求、社交愉悅訴求及情感愉悅訴求)，以及廣告態度，在不同消費價值下(功利型消費價值/享樂型消費價值)，對3G手機產品信念(知覺有用性、知覺易用性、知覺有趣性)的影響，並進而推論產品態度以及購買意圖。 　　結果顯示體驗樂趣對產品有用性及有趣性均有正向影響關係，其中，又以心智樂趣對知覺有用性的影響效果最大；感官樂趣則是對知覺有趣性有最大影響效果。而知覺有趣性更同時對知覺有用性及知覺易用性產生正向影響效果，顯示就3G手機而言，消費者會先考量產品的趣味性，進而感受到產品用途或是操作難易度。此外，知覺有趣性也較知覺有用性，對產品態度產生較大的正向影響效果，再次證實3G手機產品趣味的重要性。而產品態度也的確會正向影響購買意圖。 　　享樂型價值與功利型價值對體驗樂趣之效果調節作用雖僅能於少數樂趣面向呈現，但也提醒廣告主需考量產品主要利益，進而設計廣告訴求或內容，以求能創造加乘效果。

由於資訊通信科技發展日新月異，不論是個人、組織或政府，皆不可避免地逐漸受到其影響。雖然資訊通信科技的出現帶給個人或組織更多發展機會，卻也逐漸產生了差距，「數位落差」現象的出現，顯現出弱勢族群與其他族群在資訊通信科技發展上的差距與限制。非營利組織由於其公益與非營利的特質，在資訊通信科技發展上更易遭遇困難。喜瑪拉雅研究發展基金會致力於非營利組織數位落差縮短、建立資訊通信科技議題，為協助非營利組織資訊能力建立的主要代表，對非營利組織影響甚大。 　　本研究即以喜瑪拉雅研究發展基金會相關服務措施作為個案，以深度訪談與相關文獻資料分析的方式，研究相關作為對非營利組織數位落差縮短的效果，探討如何有效縮短非營利組織數位落差問題。經由實務文獻資料與訪談結果，本研究提出相關建議，期能有效縮短非營利組織數位落差，協助非營利組織資訊通信科技設施發展，建立非營利組織資訊通信科技使用能力。研究建議如下： 一、相關組織可考慮於偏遠地區設立相關機構，協助非營利組織接觸與學習資訊通信科技。 二、應儘速對資源不足非營利組織補助與捐贈，協助其基本能力建立。 三、針對非營利組織管理人員進行資訊通信科技相關基礎介紹，促進組織內部對資訊通信科技的接受度與認知。 四、有志發展的相關組織可尋求其他部門或組織的協助，共同發展類似服務與具體計畫。 五、應加強發展針對非營利組織個案管理與資源整合的系統。 六、鼓勵資訊或管理專業之非營利組織擔任中介角色，整合相關資源，協助非營利組織發展資訊通信科技、縮短數位落差。 / Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been innovated dramatically each day. Individuals, organizations and the government are all influenced. They not only bring more opportunities for each one of us than before, but also make gaps between people who are owned ICTs and who are not. Such scenario is called Digital Divide. It shows the obvious advantage among the people who has used or owned ICTs. Nonprofit organization is one of the typical organization that fall behind the technology of ICTs because of it’s nonprofit behavior. Himalaya foundation is the foundation that helps nonprofit foundation to make key issues on ICTs and keep on going the new innovation up to date. Himalaya foundation is significant to the nonprofit organization. The research is based on this typical foundation whose purpose is developing services to nonprofit organization, i.e., Himalaya foundation. By interviews with Himalaya foundation and other nonprofit organization members, compared with the analyses of data from the related sources, we can understand how seriously digital divide issue has effects on the nonprofit organizations and others. The research will not only provide the effective solutions to reduce the gaps between nonprofit organizations and others, but also help the nonprofit organizations develop their own ICTs equipments and ability. The suggestions are as the following: 1.The related foundation can consider building up information center near the nonprofit organizations in order to help them learn and be exposed to ICTs. 2.To give and to help the deficient organization in order to establish their ability. 3.Provide basic introduction and knowledge of ICTs to the stuffs in the organizations; make them more recognized and accepted ICTs. 4.The organizations willing to bridge digital divide should seek assist from other sectors or organizations, and develop the same kinds of service and concrete plans. 5.To develop nonprofit organization systems of resource integration and case-management. 6.Encourage the Information or management oriented nonprofit organization to be the inter-roles that help nonprofit organization to develop the ICTs, integrated resources, and bridging Digital Divide. Keywords: nonprofit organization, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Digital Divide.