Global ETD Search

181	Injektionskoncept för reumatiker : Förbättrad ergonomi vid långa injektionstider / Injection concept for reumatics Lagos Sallhed, Amanda, Simonsson, Hedvig January 2018 (has links) Detta examensarbete är utfört på uppdrag av företaget SHL Group AB, som producerar injektorer för patienter med kroniska sjukdomar. Injektorerna är anpassade för att patienten själv ska hantera dem i hemmet. Läkemedel som tas fram idag blir allt mer komplexa vilket kan leda till större volymer och längre injektionstider. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att ta fram ett injektionskoncept anpassat för större volymer samt hanterbar för reumatiker vid långa injektionstider. Fokus på projektet har legat kring användarstudier och den kreativa processen. För att ta reda på vilka behov som produkten behöver tillgodose har intervjuer och enkätundersökningar genomförts med reumatiker. Idéprocessen utfördes med hjälp av flera olika kreativa verktyg så som persona, Kanomodellen, House of Quality och brainstorming. Med hjälp av dessa verktyg togs fyra olika koncept fram och arbetet resulterade i en injektorhållare som under injektionen spänns fast på kroppen. / This is a thesis project carried out on behalf of the company SHL Group AB, which produces injectors for patients with chronic diseases. The injectors are adapted to the patient's own handling of them at home. Drugs that are being developed today are becoming more complex, leading to larger volumes and longer injection times. The purpose of this degree project is to develop a concept that is adapted to larger volumes and manageable for rheumatics at long injection times. The focus of the project has been user studies and the creative process. In order to find out which needs the product has to meet, interviews and questionnaires with rheumatics have been conducted. The idea process was performed using several creative tools such as persona, The Kano Model, House of Quality and brainstorming. Using these tools, four different concepts were developed and the work resulted in an injector holder that is fastened onto the body during injection. Auto injector biological drugs injector SHL Group Chronical disease rheumatism ergonomic industrial design aid Autoinjektor biologiska läkemedel injektor SHL Group kronisk sjukdom reumatism ergonomi industridesign hjälpmedel Engineering and Technology Teknik och teknologier
182	Hur påverkas läkemedelsföretags aktiepriser vid en naturkatastrof? : En eventstudie om orkanen Ians påverkan på de största läkemedelsföretagens aktiepriser i USA Bokfors, Petrus, Köyluoglu, Tunahan January 2023 (has links) Klimatförändringar och global uppvärmning kan ses som bidragande faktorer kring hur naturkatastrofer blir allt mer frekventa. Naturkatastrofer kan skapa obalans mellan utbud och efterfrågan och ha en inverkan på aktiemarknaden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka naturkatastrofers, närmare bestämt orkanen Ians, inverkan på läkemedelsföretags aktiepriser. Studien antar en kvantitativ ansats och hämtar sin empiri från databasen Factiva. Genom att använda teorierna effektiva marknadshypotesen (EMH) samt behavioral finance studeras 61 stycken av de största börsnoterade läkemedelsföretagen i USA med en eventstudie. Läkemedelsföretagen delas in i storleksbaserade portföljer inom de tre läkemedelsföretags-kategorierna “Medical Equipment/Supplies”, “Pharmaceuticals” och “Healthcare Provision” där de undersöks och jämförs. Studien har även inkluderat en branschspecifik variabel i form av godkända läkemedelsprodukter för “Pharmaceuticals”. Läkemedelsföretagen observeras fem dagar före eventdagen, under själva eventdagen (28 september), och fem dagar efter eventdagen. Enligt resultaten går det att tyda att endast ett signifikant samband av elva hypotesprövningar kunde observeras, vilket var för mindre stora läkemedelsföretag inom kategorin Healthcare Provision med en negativ CAAR på -4,15 procent. Tidigare forskning visar blandade reaktioner hos branscher till följd av naturkatastrofer, däribland fann Malik och Faff (2022) ett liknande negativt signifikant samband för små läkemedelsföretag inom Healthcare Provision. Resultatet indikerar att mindre stora läkemedelsföretag inte är lika motståndskraftiga vid naturkatastrofer som stora läkemedelsföretag. Vidare indikerar även resultatet att aktieprisförändringarna i eventstudien agerat likartat med aktieindexet S&P 500 och det är därmed troligt att studiens resultat till stor del beror på effekterna av S&P 500. / Climate change and global warming can be seen as contributing factors to the increasing frequency of natural disasters. Natural disasters can create imbalances in supply and demand and have an impact on the stock market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of natural disasters, specifically Hurricane Ian, on pharmaceutical company stock prices. The study adopts a quantitative approach and draws its empirical data from the Factiva database. Using the theories of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and behavioral finance, 61 of the largest publicly traded pharmaceutical companies in the United States are studied using an event study. The pharmaceutical companies are divided into size-based portfolios within the three pharmaceutical company categories: "Medical Equipment/Supplies", "Pharmaceuticals", and "Healthcare Provision", where they are examined and compared. The study also includes an industry-specific variable in the form of approved pharmaceutical products for the "Pharmaceuticals" category. The pharmaceutical companies are observed five days before the event day, on the event day itself (September 28), and five days after the event day. According to the results, only one significant relationship out of eleven hypothesis tests could be observed, which was for smaller Healthcare Provision companies with a negative CAAR of -4.15 percent. Previous research shows mixed reactions among industries following natural disasters, including Malik and Faff (2022) finding a similar negative significant relationship for small Healthcare Provision pharmaceutical companies. The result indicates that smaller Healthcare Provision companies are not as resilient to natural disasters as larger pharmaceutical companies. Furthermore, the result also suggests that the stock price changes in the event study have acted similarly to the S&P 500 stock index, indicating that the study's results are largely influenced by the effects of the S&P 500. event study natural disaster pharmaceutical industry pharmaceuticals stock market market reaction efficient market hypothesis (EMH) behavioral finance eventstudie naturkatastrof läkemedelsbranschen läkemedel aktiemarknad marknadsreaktion effektiva marknadshypotesen (EMH) behavioral finance Business Administration Företagsekonomi
183	Quantification of Pharmaceuticals at the sub-cellular level using the NanoSIMS Dost, Maryam January 2024 (has links) Mass spectroscopy imaging (MSI) has become a vital tool in modern research due to its ability to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules within tissue samples. The collaboration between researchers at AZ, the University of Gothenburg, and Chalmers University of Technology using the NanoSIMS instrument and MSI-SIMS technology has opened up new avenues of exploration in pharmaceutical development, particularly in examining drugs and metabolites at sub-cellular levels. This groundbreaking research has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy and safety of future pharmaceutical products. NanoSIMS possesses a unique imaging and processing technique that enables high-resolution imaging of cellular structures and subcellular compartments. This powerful tool allows for the visualization and measurement of elements and isotopes at the subcellular level. The technique involves bombarding a sample with a focused primary ion beam, which causes the emission of secondary ions. These secondary ions are then analyzed to determine the elemental and isotopic composition of the sample. NanoSIMS is particularly useful for analyzing biomolecules since traditional Mass spectrometry methods cannot provide information about how molecules behave at the cellular level. Given that many of the drugs used today have intra-cellular targets, hence understanding the drug's cellular pathways is extremely important, especially in cases where the risk for organ toxicity is high due to the high dosage of the drugs. Our data from the image analysis indicated the presence of amiodarone inside the lysosomes; however, the lack of enrichment from the 13C portion of the dual-labeled molecule made it difficult to reach a variation below the LOD. Since our LOD is relatively high when working with 13C12C, we focused on the fact that accuracy, precision, and sensitivity would be the most crucial factors in our study. After adjusting these parameters, we obtained an image that made the measurement possible. This project aims to utilize a dual-labeled drug (13C and 127I) to bridge the absolute quantification ability of the 13C labeling scheme to the more sensitive labeling scheme. The focus of this study lies therefore on optimization and the relationship between Spatial resolution, Sensitivity, Mass Resolution, Accuracy, and Precision. This technique is extremely promising, but the limit of detection is relatively high mainly due to the high percentage of carbon in the sample. Despite this fact, we were able to present some valuable data. Our analysis showed that the sensitivity of the 127I is much better than 13C, however, we produced an image where the ratio between the labels was above the detection limit. Using this data, a Relative sensitivity factor (RSF) value was measured, and the concentration of the drug could be estimated by applying the quantification equation. Mass spectroscopy imaging AstraZeneca Nanosims Therapeutics pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics Quantitative Visualization calibration curve RSF pharmacology Data Analysis Chemistry Quantification isotopes Pharmaceuticals subcellular drug drug target nucleotide biodistribution Bioanalytical electrochemistry spectroscopy mass spectrometry analytical separations Analytical Chemistry ROI Bioanalytical Chemistry Masspektroskopi avbildning AstraZeneca Nanosims Terapeutik farmakokinetik farmakodynamik Kvantitativ visualisering kalibreringskurva RSF farmakologi Dataanalys Kemi Kvantifiering isotoper Läkemedel subcellulär läkemedel läkemedelsmål bioskopisk elektrofördelning nukleotid bioskopisk bioskopisk distribution masspektrometri analytiska separationer analytisk kemi bioanalytisk kemi Analytical Chemistry Analytisk kemi
184	Clinical pharmacy services within a multiprofessional healthcare team Hellström, Lina January 2012 (has links) Background: The purpose of drug treatment is to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to improve health-related quality of life. However, there are frequent problems associated with drug treatment, especially among the elderly. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of clinical pharmacy services within a multiprofessional healthcare team on quality and safety of patients’ drug therapy, and to study the frequency and nature of medication history errors on admission to hospital. Methods: A model for clinical pharmacy services within a multiprofessional healthcare team (the Lund Integrated Medicines Management model, LIMM) was introduced in three hospital wards. On admission of patients to hospital, clinical pharmacists conducted medication reconciliation (i.e. identified the most accurate list of a patient’s current medications) to identify any errors in the hospital medication list. To identify, solve and prevent any other drug-related problems, the clinical pharmacists interviewed patients and performed medication reviews and monitoring of drug therapy. Drug-related problems were discussed within the multiprofessional team and the physicians adjusted the drug therapy as appropriate. Results: On admission to hospital, drug-related problems, such as low adherence to drug therapy and concerns about treatment, were identified. Different statistical approaches to present results from ordinal data on adherence and beliefs about medicines were suggested. Approximately half of the patients were affected by errors in the medication history at admission to hospital; patients who had many prescription drugs had a higher risk for errors. Medication reconciliation and review reduced the number of inappropriate medications and reduced drug-related hospital revisits. No impact on all-cause hospital revisits was demonstrated. Conclusion: Patients admitted to hospital are at high risk for being affected by medication history errors and there is a high potential to improve their drug therapy. By reducing medication history errors and improving medication appropriateness, clinical pharmacy services within a multiprofessional healthcare team improve the quality and safety of patients’ drug therapy. The impact of routine implementation of medication reconciliation and review on healthcare visits will need further evaluation; the results from this thesis suggest that drug-related hospital revisits could be reduced. / Läkemedelsgenomgångar och läkemedelsavstämning - LIMM-modellen Clinical pharmacy services pharmacist medication review medication reconciliation medication errors drug-related problems inappropriate prescribing elderly inpatients patient readmissions hospitalisation multiprofessional patient care team continuity of patient care Klinisk farmaci farmaceut läkemedelsgenomgång läkemedelsavstämning läkemedelsfel läkemedelsrelaterade problem olämpliga läkemedel äldre återinläggning sjukhusinläggning multiprofessionell vårdteam kontinuitet i vården
185	Stabil och antibiotikafri läkemedelsproduktion i rekombinant Escherichia coli Benevides, Kristina, Broström, Oscar, Elison Kalman, Grim, Swenson, Hugo, Vlassov, Andrei, Ågren, Josefin January 2017 (has links) Den här rapporten presenterar ett antibiotikafritt, stabilt och kromosombaserat expressionssystem för läkemedelsproduktion i Escherichia coli på beställning av företaget Affibody AB. E. coli-stammen BL21(DE3) valdes som värdorganism för expressionssystemet. Systemet består av en genkassett som innehåller en T7-promotor, en 5′-UTR från genen ompA och en terminatorsekvens från RNA-operonet rrnB. Fyra kopior av genkassetten ska integreras i pseudogenerna caiB, yjjM, hsdS och yjiV. En datormodell som modellerar det egentliga kopietalet i cellerna har skapats i mjukvaran MATLAB, vilket visar att det uppskattas vara maximalt 32 kopior av genkassetten per cell på grund av replikation av kromosomen. Ett högt pH i fermentorn; att använda fed-batch och blandade kolhydratkällor; och att använda stammen BL21(DE3) minskar acetatproduktionen i cellen. En lägre acetatproduktion kan leda till en högre produkthalt. En proteinutbytesmodell för mjukvaran MATLAB har konstruerats för att uppskatta koncentrationen av Affibody®-molekylen i en E. coli cell. copynumber copy-number copy number origin of replication rekombinant proteinexpression läkemedel E. coli antibiotikafri antibiotika expressionssystem expression system escherichia coli kromosom kromosombaserad kromosomal plasmidfri plasmid T7-promotor T7 promotor ompA rrnB autoinduktion auto induktion matlab kopietalmodell utbytemodell stabil pH pseudogen pseudo gen caiB yjjM hsdS yjiV fermentor batch fed-batch kontinuerlig fed batch fermentation Affibody affibody-molekyl affibody-molekyler affibodymolekyl affibodymolekyler bioreaktor acetat acetatbildning acetatproduktion acetatreduktion acetatreducering peptidläkemedel peptider peptid T7-system operator lac-operator operon 5'-UTR 3'-UTR sekundärstruktur mRNA T1 T2 terminator termineringssekvens optimering lac-operon repressor inducering BL21(DE3) BL21 B-stam B stam modell kopietal kopie tal OriC Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Läkemedelsbioteknik
186	Fysisk aktivitet eller Farmakologi för en hälsosammare behandlingsupplevelse enligt individer med ADHD? : Retrospektiv intervjustudie / Physical activity or Pharmacology for a healthier treatment experience according to individuals with ADHD? : Retrospective Interview Study Blomster, Kaisa January 2020 (has links) Introduktion: ADHD är en uppmärksamhet -och hyperaktiv störning, där 90 % i Sverige behandlas med det farmakologiska läkemedlet Metylfenidat (MPH). En stor andel med ADHD utvecklar psykiatrisk komorbiditet i form av psykisk ohälsa (frånvaro av mentalt välbefinnande). Patofysiologin hur MPH påverkar hjärnan är okänd och behandlingsformen har diskuterats som bristfällig på grund av förekommande bieffekter. Fysisk aktivitet har föreslagits som ett hälsosammare behandlingsalternativ, då evidens visat att fysisk aktivitet kan förbättra ADHD-symptom och samsjuklighet av psykisk ohälsa. Det finns inga studier som undersökt hur individer med ADHD upplever nuvarande- och önskar behandling. Syftet med denna studie blev därför att undersöka upplevda erfarenheter av ADHD och hur det farmakologiska läkemedlet MPH och fysisk aktivitet upplevs ha påverkat diagnosens symptom och individernas psykiska hälsa samt att ta reda på vilken behandling individerna önskar utifrån deras livserfarenheter. Metoden utgick från ett fenomenologiskt ramverk med hjälp av en deskriptiv kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie, där data extraherades genom en innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Urvalet selekterades genom snöbollsurval, där inklusionskriteriet var att deltagarna blivit diagnostiserad med ADHD och har erfarenheter av MPH och fysisk aktivitet. Resultatet visade att symptom för ADHD var problematik med koncentration-, hyperaktivitet-, uppmärksamhet- och systematiska svårigheter, där symptom försämrat den psykiska hälsan. Det framgick att både MPH och fysisk aktivitet effektiviserade symptom mot koncentration, hyperaktivitet och uppmärksamhet, varav KBT (kognitiv beteendeterapi) förbättrade systematiska svårigheter. Vidare bidrog MPH med fysiska, mentala och beteendeföränderliga bieffekter som försämrade den psykiska hälsan. Fysisk aktivitet visade däremot förbättra den psykiska hälsan, där inaktivitet framgick som en central nackdel för förvärring av symptom och psykisk hälsa. Deltagarnas önskan var att behandling bör uppföljas och baseras på en överenskommelse som anpassas efter individuella svårigheter och hälsotillstånd. Slutsatsen med studien kom fram till att behandlas med fysisk aktivitet i kombination med KBT skulle vara hälsosammare som första behandling mot samtliga ADHD-symptom och psykisk hälsa. I andra hand var det deltagarnas önskan att applicera MPH vid akut behov, och är därav förslag att forska fram MPH som engångsbehandling som kan användas vid inaktiva tillstånd. Studien kom fram till att inkludering av fler idrottsvetenskapliga tjänster till vård och skola behövs för mer kompetens om vikten av fysisk aktivitet för individer som har ADHD. / Introduction: ADHD is an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, where 90% in Sweden is treated with the pharmacological drug Methylphenidate (MPH). People diagnosed with ADHD develop often psychiatric comorbidity in form of mental illness. The pathophysiology behind how MPH influence the brain is unknown and the treatment have been discussed as deficient due to side effects. Physical activity has been suggested as a healthier treatment option, as evidence shows that physical activity can improve ADHD-symptoms and comorbidity of mental illness. There are no studies that have invastigate how individuals with ADHD experience current- and desired treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the experiences of having ADHD and how the pharmacological treatment MPH and physical activity has affected the symptoms and mental health, and also find out what treatment the individuals want based on their life experiences. The method was derived from a phenomenological framework using a descriptive qualitative cross-sectional study. Data was analyzed with an inductive approach using an interpretive analysis. Participants was recruited through a snowball selection, where the inclusion criteria stated that participants been diagnosed with ADHD and have experience of MPH and physical activity. The results showed that the frequent occurring symptoms of ADHD were difficulties with concentration-, hyperactivity-, attention- and systematic symptoms, where symptoms had shown a negative effect on the mental health. It appeared that both MPH and physical activity made symptom improvement against concentration-, hyperactivity- and attention difficulties, while CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) improved systematic difficulties. MPH contributed to side effects that affected physiological-, psychological- and behavioral aspects, which all were perceived to have a negative influence on mental health. In contrast, physical activity improved mental health and showed no evidence of side effects, except when physical activity was absent from daily life. Inactivity appeard to be a central disadvantage for worsening symptoms and mental health. The participants desired that their treatment should be tailored to individual difficulties and health condition in a collaborative way and with follow-up from the health care worker. The study concluded that physical activity in combination with CBT would be a healthier as first treatment option to reduce symptoms of ADHD and improve mental heatlh. Additionally, the participants desired treatment with MPH in form of single doses for urgent need, and it is therefore to suggest development of such treatment option. Furthermore, the study proposes more services for sport science within healthcare and schools for containing applicable knowledge in physical activity for dose with ADHD. ADHD Symptoms Difficulties Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Hyperactive Impulsivity Concentration Attention Systematic Physical activity Training Exercise Inactivity Mental Health Neuropsychology Physiology Pharmacology Methylphenidate MPH Treatment experience Well-being Health Health promotion Side effect Symptom effect Interview study Qualitative Content analysis Phenomenology Medicine ADHD Symptom Symptomsvårigheter Uppmärksamhet- och Hyperaktiv störning hyperaktivitet Impulsivitet Koncentration Uppmärksamhet Systematik Hälsa Psykisk Hälsa Psykisk ohälsa Psykiatrisk komorbiditet Samsjuklighet Neuropsykologi Fysiologi Fysisk aktivitet Rörelse Träning Inaktivitet Farmakologi Metylfenidat MPH Behandlingsupplevelse Välmående Hälsa Hälsofrämjande Hälsotillstånd Bieffekt Symptomeffekt Intervjustudie Kvalitativ Idrottsvetenskap Innehållsanalys Fenomenologi Medicin Läkemedel Sport and Fitness Sciences Idrottsvetenskap

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