<p>How can you do a right measurement of culture as well as with other social sectors and with what can culture contribute when it comes to a town´s development? We found out that in Linköping the regional federation Ostsam recently (2005) started mapping the region's creative centers in order to look into the spreading of the culture in the county, and then use the uniqueness of the culture as an advantage in society- planning contexts. The reason was that both municipal - and State directions detected that the culture has a broader importance when it comes to building up society and infrastructure than earlier considered. This is called Cultural planning and is the foundation- method that Östsam used when working with their new projekt The creative sector. The outcome of the Östsam study resulted in an exciting study basis to work further on with and to examine through own demarcations and directions.</p><p>This research manages the matter of the creative sector as an extension to the cultural sector. Our aim with this report is to find out the concept of the creative sector, what it stands for, and also to look into how the creative sector runs in practice.</p>

<p>With this essay we have had the intention of observing Linköping University as an example of a public authority undergoing change. In the information society of today, the increasing competition and internationalization affects, not only companies and organizations, but also the public sector. After having been concerned with neutral information spread only, according to"the third mandate", employees at the Department of Information at Linköping University has also started dealing with marketing, so as to increase the recruitment of students. As a result of this, the work team has been divided into an editorial staff and a department with emphasis on market issues. To strengthen the trademark of Linköping University one has chosen to mediate certain values representative for the university - an interdisciplinary and innovative approach and an entrepreneurial spirit. The technical developments of today have also influenced information related activities at the university, due to increasing usage of the Internet. Our essay deals with the complex of problems which can arise when a traditonal organization faces increased competition and new technical conditions.</p> / <p>Med denna uppsats har vi haft för avsikt att uppmärksamma Linköpings universitet som ett exempel på en samhällsinstitution i förändring. I dagens informationssamhälle påverkar en ökande konkurrens och internationalisering inte bara företag och organisationer utan även den offentliga sektorn. Från att enbart ha arbetat med neutral informationsspridning enligt"det tredje uppdraget", har man på informationsavdelningen vid Linköpings universitet även kommit att arbeta med marknadsföring, bland annat i syfte att öka studentrekryteringen. Detta har resulterat i en uppdelning av arbetet i en journalistisk redaktion och en mer marknadskommunikativt inriktad avdelning. För att stärka varumärket Linköpings universitet har man valt att förmedla vissa kärnvärden som ska vara representativa för verksamheten – tvärvetenskap, nytänkande och entreprenörsanda. Även dagens teknikutveckling har påverkat arbetet med information vid universitetet, då man de senaste åren även arbetar med Internet som informationskanal. Vår uppsats behandlar den problematik som kan uppstå då en traditionell organisation möter ett ökat marknadstryck och nya tekniska förutsättningar. </p>

With this essay we have had the intention of observing Linköping University as an example of a public authority undergoing change. In the information society of today, the increasing competition and internationalization affects, not only companies and organizations, but also the public sector. After having been concerned with neutral information spread only, according to"the third mandate", employees at the Department of Information at Linköping University has also started dealing with marketing, so as to increase the recruitment of students. As a result of this, the work team has been divided into an editorial staff and a department with emphasis on market issues. To strengthen the trademark of Linköping University one has chosen to mediate certain values representative for the university - an interdisciplinary and innovative approach and an entrepreneurial spirit. The technical developments of today have also influenced information related activities at the university, due to increasing usage of the Internet. Our essay deals with the complex of problems which can arise when a traditonal organization faces increased competition and new technical conditions. / Med denna uppsats har vi haft för avsikt att uppmärksamma Linköpings universitet som ett exempel på en samhällsinstitution i förändring. I dagens informationssamhälle påverkar en ökande konkurrens och internationalisering inte bara företag och organisationer utan även den offentliga sektorn. Från att enbart ha arbetat med neutral informationsspridning enligt"det tredje uppdraget", har man på informationsavdelningen vid Linköpings universitet även kommit att arbeta med marknadsföring, bland annat i syfte att öka studentrekryteringen. Detta har resulterat i en uppdelning av arbetet i en journalistisk redaktion och en mer marknadskommunikativt inriktad avdelning. För att stärka varumärket Linköpings universitet har man valt att förmedla vissa kärnvärden som ska vara representativa för verksamheten – tvärvetenskap, nytänkande och entreprenörsanda. Även dagens teknikutveckling har påverkat arbetet med information vid universitetet, då man de senaste åren även arbetar med Internet som informationskanal. Vår uppsats behandlar den problematik som kan uppstå då en traditionell organisation möter ett ökat marknadstryck och nya tekniska förutsättningar.

The development that the Swedish society has experienced during the last four decades and the higher part of the population coming from foreign countries calls for a more intensive research on the situation of these groups. The purpose of this study is to find explanations of the differences in the share of immigrant politicians in Linköping and Norrköping. The starting point of the study is a model of factors assumed to affect the representation of immigrants in the municipality assemblies. The immigrant composition, the municipality organization and the view of democracy of the politicians, are all assumed to affect the civic participation. The civic participation is then assumed to affect the representation of immigrants in the municipality. The model stipulates that in a municipality with a low representation of immigrants you can expect an immigrant composition of low participating immigrant groups. Furthermore the model stipulates that in such a municipality you will also find a more participationhostile organization and politicians with a less participationfriendly view of democracy. The opposite is true for a municipality with a high level of representation of immigrants. When tested on Linköping and Norrköping the model well seemed to explain the differences in the level of representation of immigrants in the two municipalities.

The study Social Change and the Fragile Heart is an analysis of contemporary history in two neighboring Swedish cities, Linköping and Norrköping. The analysis has been made from a special perspective: the changes in deaths due to heart disease in the age group 50-74 years. The differences in mortality between the two cities is a measurable way to study how well a society functions and is governed. These cities in the county of Östergötland differ historically and socially. This has led to clear differences in socio-economic conditions and even variations in health and mortality that have been to Norrköping’s disadvantage. There is an exception, the 1970’s, when the rise in the numbers of deaths due to heart disease was broken in Norrköping, while the figures continued to increase in the neighboring city, especially among men. Uneasiness about the future and opportunities to make a living grew. This may have influenced health negatively, especially among middle-aged men who feared their jobs were threatened. In Norrköping the textile industry had definitely died in the beginning of the 1970’s. The closing of this industry meant at the same time that poor working conditions and low-paid work were phased out. The earlier rising trend in deaths due to heart diseases was broken, and instead a noticeable decline occurred that was especially clear among women. Deaths due to heart disease in ages 50–74 began to decline generally in the 1980’s and sank significantly in the following decade. The difference between the cities, however, grew from the relatively equal situation of the 1970’s. These are the years during which economic and political power shifted from Norrköping to Linköping. As the regional center and a relatively new university town, Linköping survived the recession of the 1990’s rather well. Simultaneously, Norrköping suffered from what might be called a “social exhaustion depression.” During the last decade of the 20th century long-term unemployment and illness affected far more people than in Linköping. The great transformation from an industrial to a post-industrial society left its mark on Norrköping in the form of increased differences between the cities in the case of premature deaths due to heart disease.

As databases and traffic over the internet is becoming larger by the day, the performance of sending information has become a target of great importance. In past years, other software architectural styles such as REST have been used as it is a reliable framework and works really well when one has a dependable internet connection. In 2015, the querying language GraphQL was released by Facebook to the public as an alternative to REST. GraphQL made improvements in fetching data by for example removing the possibility of under- and overfitting. This means that a client only gets the data which they have requested, nothing more, nothing less. To create a GraphQL schema and server implementation requires time, effort and knowledge. This is however a requirement to run GraphQL over your current legacy database. For this reason multiple server implementation tools have been created by vendors to reduce development time and instead auto-generates a GraphQL schema and server implementation using an already existing database. This bachelor thesis will pick, run and compare the benchmarks of the two different server implementation tools Hasura and PostGraphile. This is done using a benchmark methodology based on technical difficulties (choke points). The result of our benchmark suggests that the throughput is larger for Hasura compared to PostGraphile whilst the query execution time as well as query response time is similar. PostGraphile is better at paging without offset as well as ordering, but on all other cases Hasura outperforms PostGraphile or shows similar results. / Linköping GraphQL Benchmark (LinGBM)

Denna rapport behandlar det arbete som under våren 2020 utfördes av en grupp på sju civilingenjörsstudenter i data- och mjukvaruteknik vid Linköpings universitet som en del av kursen TDDD96 – Kandidatprojekt i programvaruutveckling. Projektet utfärdades på efterfrågan av företaget Airpelago, och gick ut på att utveckla en stabil grund för ett molnbaserat videoströmningssystem. Denna rapport beskriver den färdiga produkten, förklarar de beslut som togs, beskriver vilka problem som uppstått och hur dessa lösts, samt diskuterar det slutgiltiga arbetet. Rapporten innehåller även sju individuella bidragskrivna av gruppens enskilda medlemmar / <p>Presentationen genomfördes på distans</p>

Att samverka sektorsöverskidande på lokal och regional nivå har identifierats som en möjlig väg att påett effektivare och snabbare sätt nå uppsatta klimatmål. Intressant är därför att undersöka hur dessaklimatsamverkansinitiativ är organiserade och hur de arbetar för att bidra till sina syften.Föreliggande studie är en fallstudie som undersöker hur sektorsöverskridandeklimatsamverkansinitiativ på lokal och regional nivå samverkar för att bidra till att minska territoriellaväxthusgasutsläpp. Studien undersöker även vilka utmaningar och fördelar initiativen upplever samtidentifierar faktorer som initiativen upplever skapar en långsiktig och attraktivsamverkansorganisation. De studerade initiativen är Klimatrådet Jönköpings län och Klimat2030 iVästra Götalands län samt Uppsala klimatprotokoll, Gothenburg Climate Partnership, LundsKlimatallians samt Linköpingsinitiativet.Insamlingen av det empiriska materialet har skett via semistrukturerade intervjuer medprocessledaren, verksamhetsledaren eller administratören hos respektive initiativ.Studien finner att den offentliga sektorn bär det huvudsakliga ansvaret för initiering, administrationsamt finansiering. Studien finner också att det inte finns någon etablerad mall eller förankradsamverkansmetodik kring lokal eller regional klimatsamverkan, vilket resulterar i att initiativen bådehar likheter och skillnader i sina samverkanstrukturer. Studien konstaterar att vanligt förekommandearbetsmetoder hos initiativen är fokusgrupper, klimatutmaningar, klimatavtal samt projektbaseratarbete, dock med spridning mellan initiativen.I studiens resultat framkommer bland annat delaktighet, förankring och erfarenhets- ochkunskapsutbyte som centrala faktorer som upplevs skapa en attraktiv och långsiktigsamverkansplattform. Det framkommer även att initiativen upplever dels fördelar medklimatsamverkan eftersom det hjälper medlemmarna att gå från ord till handling, och dels utmaningarsom att bland annat bevisa sin faktiska effekt i att reducera de territoriella växthusgasutsläppen.Slutligen konstaterar studien att ämnet lokal och regional klimatsamverkan är relativt outforskatinom miljövetenskapen och att det behövs vidare forskning kring bland annat vilken funktionklimatsamverkan har samt vilken effekt initiativen skapar. / To collaborate cross-sectoral on a local or regional level has been identified as a possible solution toachieve a more effective way of reaching set climate targets. Therefore it´s of interest to conductfurther study in how these initiatives collaborate in their aim of reaching climate related targets.This thesis is a case study consisting that examine how cross-sectoral climate collaborations on alocal or regional level collaborate to reduce the emissions of territorial greenhouse gases.Furthermore, the study investigates what challenges and advantages the objects of study areexperiencing and also to identify what factors the initiatives are experience that creates a long-terminitiative and an attractive collaborate-organisation. The objects of study are Climate Council inJönköpings region, Climate2030 in Västra Götalands region and Uppsala Climate Protocoll, GothenburgClimate Partnership, Lund Climate Alliance and The Linköping Initiative.The collection of the empirically data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with either theprocess manager, administrator or executive manager in each initiative.The study shows that the public sector has the major responsibility in initiating, administrate andfinancing the initiatives. The study also shows that there is no established templated or collaboratemethodin local or regional climate-collaboration, which results in both similarities and differences inthe initiatives structural design.The study has found that focus-groups, the use of climate related challenges, climate agreementand to work in specific projects are all commonly used work procedures, but with differences betweeninitiatives.Furthermore, results show that participation, anchoring and experience- and knowledge-exchangeare key factors that the initiatives are experiencing in how to create an attractive and long-termcollaborate initiative. Moreover, it emerges that the initiatives are experiencing both benefits with aclimate collaborating because it helps members of the collaboration to go from words into action, andpartly challenges regarding how to prove its actual effect in reducing territorial greenhouse gasemissions.Finally, the study notes that the subject, local and regional climate-collaboration is relativelyunexplored and that it needs further research for example in what function a climate collaboration hasand what effect the initiatives creates. / <p>2020-06-05</p>

The university technology transfer coach has an important role in supporting the commercialization of research results. This thesis has studied the technology transfer coach and their needs in the coaching process. The goal has been to investigate information needs of the technology transfer coach as a preliminary for the design of computer aids.Using a grounded theory approach, we interviewed 17 coaches working in the Swedish technology transfer environment. Extracted quotes from interviews were openly coded and categorized. The analysis show three main problem areas related to the information needs of the technology transfer coach; awareness, communication, and resources. Moreover, 20 features for future computer aids were extracted from the interview data and scenarios and personas where developed to exemplify the future use of computer aids.We conclude that there is a need for computer support in the coaching process. Such systems should aid the coach in; awareness, aiding the coach to focus on meetings; communication, aid the coach to transfer commercialisation knowledge; and resources, aid the coach in accessing and delivering of resources to the coachee. However, it is imperative that the computer aids do not interfere with the coach current process; and that the computer aid is not seen as the sole solution.

To develop anaerobic digestion (AD), innovative solutions to increase methane yields in existing AD processes are needed. In particular, the adoption of low energy pre-treatments to enhance biomass biodegradability is needed to provide efficient digestion processes increasing profitability. To obtain these features, hydrodynamic cavitation has been evaluated as an innovative solutions for AD of waste activated sludge (WAS), food waste (FW), macro algae and grass, in comparison with steam explosion (high energy pre-treatment). The effect of these two pre-treatments on the substrates, e.g. particle size distribution, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biodegradability rate, have been evaluated. After two minutes of hydrodynamic cavitation (8 bar), the mean fine particle size decreased from 489- 1344 nm to 277- 381 nm (≤77% reduction) depending of the biomasses. Similar impacts were observed after ten minutes of steam explosion (210 °C, 30 bar) with a reduction in particle size between 40% and 70% for all the substrates treated.  In terms of BMP value, hydrodynamic cavitation caused significant increment only within the A. nodosum showing a post treatment increment of 44% compared to the untreated value, while similar values were obtained before and after treatment within the other tested substrates. In contrast, steam explosion allowed an increment for all treated samples, A. nodosum (+86%), grass (14%) and S. latissima (4%). However, greater impacts where observed with hydrodynamic cavitation than steam explosion when comparing the kinetic constant K. Overall, hydrodynamic cavitation appeared an efficient pre-treatment for AD capable to compete with the traditional steam explosion in terms om kinetics and providing a more efficient energy balance (+14%) as well as methane yield for A. nodosum. / Det behövs innovativa lösningar för att utveckla anaerob rötning i syfte att öka metangasutbytet från biogassubstrat. Beroende på substratets egenskaper, kan förbehandling möjliggöra sönderdelning av bakterieflockar, uppbrytning av cellväggar, elimination av inhiberande ämnen och frigörelse av intracellulära organiska ämnen, som alla kan leda till en förbättring av den biologiska nedbrytningen i rötningen. För att uppnå detta har den lågenergikrävande förebehandlingsmetoden hydrodynamisk kavitation prövats på biologiskt slam, matavfall, makroalger respektive gräs, i jämförelse med ångexplosion. Effekten på substraten av dessa två förbehandlingar har uppmäts genom att undersöka distribution av partikelstorlek, löst organiskt kol (sCOD), biometan potential (BMP) och nedbrytningshastigheten. Efter 2 minuters hydrodynamisk kavitation (8 bar) minskade partikelstorleken från 489- 1344 nm till 277- 281 nm (≤77 % reduktion) för de olika biomassorna. Liknande påverkan observerades efter tio minuters ångexplosion (210 °C, 30 bar) med en partikelstorlekreducering mellan 40 och 70 % för alla behandlade substrat. Efter behandling med hydrodynamisk kavitation, i jämförelse med obehandlad biomassa, ökade metanproduktionens hastighetskonstant (K) för matavfall (+65%), makroalgen S. latissima (+3%), gräs (+16 %) samtidigt som den minskade för A. nodosum (-17 %). Förbehandlingen med ångexplosion ökade hastighetskonstanten för S. latissima (+50 %) och A. nodosum (+65 %) medan den minskade för gräs (-37 %), i jämförelse med obehandlad biomassa. Vad gäller BMP värden, orsakade hydrodynamisk kavitation små variationer där endast A. nodosum visade en ökning efter behandling (+44 %) i jämförelse med obehandlad biomassa. Biomassa förbehandlade med ångexplosion visade en ökning för A .nodosum (+86 %), gräs (14 %) och S. latissima (4 %). Sammantaget visar hydrodynamisk kavitation potential som en effektiv behandling före rötning och kapabel att konkurrera med den traditionella ångexplosionen gällande kinetik och energibalans (+14%) samt metanutbytet för A. nodosum.