Ce travail étudie l’affirmation de la « culture des droits » dans le contexte népalais, en explorant le rapport triangulaire qui relie les associations locales, le discours international sur les droits humains et la morphologie des transformations – sociales, normatives, institutionnelles – qui ont caractérisé l’histoire récente du Népal.L’enquête se fonde sur une ethnographie transversale des associations urbaines, qui traverse les différentes échelles territoriales où ces associations se mobilisent et les multiples registres sur lesquels elles opèrent (le social, le politique, le juridique). La première partie est axée sur le niveau micro-local du quartier et de la ville et concerne trois réseaux associatifs: les collectifs de mères, les associations pour le développement du quartier et les organisations des Dalit, les basses castes ; la deuxième porte sur les associations des minorités ethniques (ou « nationalités indigènes ») et sur celles des groupes parbatiya, les hautes castes des collines népalaises ; la troisième est consacrée à l'interaction entre justice et société civile au Népal, telle qu’elle émerge de l’analyse d’actions en justice introduites à la Cour suprême par des associations spécialisées dans la défense des droits humains.A partir de cette analyse, on cherche à dégager 1) les mécanismes à travers lesquels le discours sur les droits est devenu un langage hégémonique de formulation des revendications collectives et d’articulation des conflits sociaux ; 2) le rôle des associations de la société civile dans ce processus ; 3) l’impact de la culture de droits sur l’expression de l’éthique, des identités et des politiques locales, ainsi que sur le cadre normatif et constitutionnel du pays. / This dissertation examines the emergence of a culture of human rights in Nepal, by focusing on the triangular relationship between civil society organizations (CSOs), the international discourse on human rights, and the social, legal and institutional changes that have characterized the country’s recent history.The research is based on ethnographic work in the field of urban associations, at the various levels and across the various fields (social, political and legal) where they operate. My first part looks at the micro-local level of the neighborhood and city, through a study of three specific networks of associations: mothers’ groups, neighborhood development associations and Dalit (low-caste) associations. In a second stage, I focus on ethnic minority (or “indigenous nationality”) associations and on parbatiya (Nepali high caste of hill origin) groups. The third and final section of the dissertation is dedicated to the interaction between the judiciary and civil society in Nepal, as it emerges from an analysis of cases filed at the Supreme Court by associations specialized in the defense of human rights.The overall aim of this research is to identify: 1) the mechanisms through which the human rights discourse has asserted its hegemony, becoming the dominant medium through which collective demands and social conflicts can be articulated; 2) the role played by CSOs in this process, and 3) the impact of the culture of human rights on the expression of local ethics, identities and politics, as well as on Nepal’s legal and constitutional framework.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao GIZELDA MORATO COSTA.pdf: 437973 bytes, checksum: 399da7ddcc12a5d9aeceb0a889c02f85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study had for objective to contemplate critically concerning an experience that is happening since the year of 2000 in the system prisoner of the State of São Paulo, through partnership between the State and the call Third Section: the Centers of Resocialization (CRs), constituted to guard condemned individuals. Our investigation and analysis intended to bring until then for the debate academic subjects kept into the walls of the prisons, where members of several segments of the society and the State is trying to create a new model of administration prisoner ". We had, also, the intention of maintaining steadily the debate and the social concern with the thematic of the imprisoned men's human necessity. Necessity these that it comes being neglectful for the State. And, specifically, the State of São Paulo, instead of assuming with responsibility the paper that competes him, it has been allowing the use of the beginning of the subsidied, transferring for organisms of the civil society the responsibilities of attendance social prisoner. And, the problem that is surfacing inside of the prisons CRs it is the form of performance of the ONGs, that is reproducing practices that they are opposed to the beginnings and protected values by the Social Service, for they be not returned to the defense of the social rights, but to the palliative assistance, what doesn't promote the subject holden of rights, with views to the exercise of your citizenship / O presente estudo teve por objetivo refletir criticamente acerca de uma experiência que vem ocorrendo desde o ano de 2000 no sistema prisional do Estado de São Paulo, por meio de parceria entre o Estado e o chamado Terceiro Setor: os Centros de Ressocialização (CRs), constituídos para custodiar indivíduos condenados. Nossa investigação e análise pretenderam trazer para o debate acadêmico questões até então guardadas dentro dos muros das prisões, onde membros de vários segmentos da sociedade e o Estado vem tentando criar um novo modelo de gestão prisional." Tivemos, também, a intenção de manter aceso o debate e a preocupação social com a temática das necessidades humanas dos homens encarcerados. Necessidades estas que vem sendo negligenciadas pelo Estado. E, especificamente, o Estado de São Paulo, ao invés de assumir com responsabilidade o papel que lhe compete, tem permitido o uso do princípio da subsidiariedade, transferindo para organismos da sociedade civil as responsabilidades de assistência sociais prisionais. E, o problema que vem aflorando dentro das prisões CRs é a forma de atuação das próprias ONGs, que vem reproduzindo práticas que se opõem aos princípios e valores defendidos pelo Serviço Social, por não estarem voltadas à defesa dos direitos sociais, e sim ao assistencialismo paliativo, o que não promove o sujeito detentor de direitos, com vistas ao exercício de sua cidadania

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osmar Pancera.pdf: 3390384 bytes, checksum: c894f0bfc7d3bbcbe73094c31000c3de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-25 / The action research, "the artistic-cultural practice of the Rádio Margarida Non- Governmental Organization (NGO): a history of artistic languages and social communications media, serving popular education", describes and analyzes the history of union and experiences artistic-cultural production and educational from a group of people (artists, educators, intellectuals, workers...), which shares a conception of world, organized in the form of civil society for public services, legally constituted, non-profit, named Centro Artístico Cultural Belém Amazônia (Artistic Cultural Center Belém Amazonia) Rádio Margarida NGO. The artistic-cultural practice of the NGO, which is developed since 1991 up to today, is the basis for the defense of this dissertation: The art as socialization of culture for social transformation, which is affirmed by demonstrating the usage of popular education method utilizing artistic languages (theater, theater of dolls, clown, games, music, etc) and social communications media (radio and popular video broadcasting). The categories of methods: communication + sense + transforming actions, are decoded into movements of creation and representation of theater plays, music, broadcasting radio programs, video scripts, oriented guides to use educational materials and pedagogic processes of making-learning-sharing / A pesquisa-ação, A práxis artístico-cultural da ONG Rádio Margarida: uma história de linguagens artísticas e meios de comunicação social, a serviço da educação popular , descreve e analisa a história da união e vivência produção artístico-cultural e educacional de um grupo de pessoas (artistas, educadores, intelectuais, trabalhadores...) que compartilham uma concepção de mundo, organizadas na forma de sociedade civil de utilidade pública, juridicamente constituída, sem fins lucrativos, denominada de Centro Artístico Cultural Belém Amazônia, ONG Rádio Margarida. A práxis artístico-cultural da ONG, que é desenvolvida desde o ano de 1991 até hoje, é a base para a defesa da tese: A arte como socialização da cultura para transformação social, que é afirmada pela demonstração da utilização do método de educação popular que utiliza as linguagens artísticas (teatro, teatro de bonecos, palhaço, brincadeiras, música) e meios de comunicação social (radiodifusão e vídeo popular). As categorias do método: comunicação + sentimento + ação transformadora, são decodificadas em seu movimento de criação e representação de textos teatrais, músicas, programas de rádio, roteiros de vídeo, guias de orientação de utilização de materiais educativos e processos pedagógicos de fazer-apreendendo-compartilhando

La presente investigación se desarrolló a partir de los diversos problemas sociales que acontecen en nuestro país, debido a que las empresas sociales cumplen un rol fundamental en grupos vulnerables; se determinó como finalidad principal de esta investigación el estudio de estas en base a variables de gestión, que según la literatura afectarían el rendimiento de estas organizaciones. De esta manera, se plantea conocer el comportamiento del rendimiento financiero de las empresas sociales en estudio y de las variables orientación al mercado y orientación empresarial; según si estas poseen una orientación empresarial y al mercado: fuertes o débiles. Asimismo, se consideró relevante definir el tipo de interacción entre las variables orientación al mercado y orientación empresarial y se planteó identificar si las variables orientación al mercado y orientación empresarial influyen en la variable rendimiento financiero en las empresas sociales. En ese sentido, se busca que las empresas sociales puedan garantizar una contribución constante a aquellos sectores desatendidos a través de la autosostenibilidad financiera. Sin embargo, los hallazgos para la muestra del presente estudio demostraron que no es posible afirmar la existencia de la relación entre el rendimiento financiero y las orientaciones empresarial y al mercado. No obstante, se determinó que para dicha muestra existen indicios de interacción entre las variables independientes orientación empresarial y al mercado. / The present research has taken place from the diverse social problems in our country, so that social enterprises fulfill a fundamental role of contribution in vulnerable groups, the main purpose of this research was to study the behavior of their financial performance based on management variables; that according to the literature would affect the financial performance of these organizations. In this way, it is intended to know the behavior of the financial performance of the social enterprises under study and the market orientation and business orientation variables. For which, it was determined if these have a business orientation and market: strong or weak. Likewise, it was considered relevant to define the type of interaction between the market orientation and business orientation variables; It was also intended to identify if the market orientation and business orientation variables influence the variable financial performance in the context of the social ecosystem. In this sense, it is expected that business companies can guarantee a constant contribution to those sectors unattended through financial self-sustainability. However, the findings for the present sample show that it is not possible to affirm the existence relationship between profitability and business and market orientation in our study sample. Likewise, it was determined that for this sample there are possible signs of interaction between the independent variables, the business orientation and market orientation. / Tesis

S'appuyant sur une analyse de la situation des Pokot, cette étude vise à définir les modèles employés pour intégrer les populations du nord-ouest kenyan à l'Etat-nation et à examiner sous quelle forme ces modèles sont appropriés par la société locale. Conçu comme une zone tampon entre les no man's land semi-arides du nord et les hauts plateaux fertiles du sud, le district de West-pokot est aujourd'hui un référent territorial indiscutable, objet de revendications politiques et de conflits sur ses bordures. Pourtant, l'organisation des filières bétail et céréales génère un processus d'évolution différenciée entre les espaces de la plaine et de la montagne. Les producteurs élaborent des stratégies de recomposition et de renforcement territorial, en dehors de toutes considérations des échanges de complémentarité et des relations de proximité entre le haut et le bas de l'escarpement du Rift. A la vision d'un seul territoire ethnique homogène s'impose donc plutôt celle de deux territoires de productions distincts entre lesquels naissent de nouveaux conflits.

La presente tesi di dottorato valuta i rapporti tra le organizzazioni della società civile e le istituzioni internazionali nel sistema della cooperazione per lo sviluppo, attraverso l'analisi delle politiche della Banca Mondiale e dell'Unione Europea, che risultano gli attori multilaterali più rilevanti nell'allocazione e gestione dei finanziamenti dell'Aiuto Pubblico allo Sviluppo (APS). Nel quadro di relazioni cooperative-dialettiche, si verificano le funzioni degli interlocutori della società civile nel rapporto con le due organizzazioni internazionali e i livelli di partnership. Si analizzano alcuni nodi problematici come la valutazione della performance dei progetti delle organizzazioni della società civile (OSC), per verificarne il valore aggiunto; la dicotomia tra un approccio top-down e bottom-up nella pianificazione di processi di sviluppo locale; la rappresentatività e l'efficacia del contributo delle OSC alla global governance per lo sviluppo. Si presentano anche due casi empirici di progetti realizzati da una stessa OSC, finanziati dalle due istituzioni considerate, al fine di favorire, attraverso l'analisi “micro”, la comprensione di eventuali diversità rispetto al quadro teorico, alle procedure sul “ciclo di progetto” e ai rilevamenti quantitativi presentati. Complessivamente, emerge che la cooperazione tra OSC e le istituzioni internazionali ha maggiori benefici che costi e conduce ad una partnership win-win per entrambi. / The present PhD thesis considers the relationships between the organisations of civil society and the international institutions in development cooperation's system through the analysis of the World Bank's and the European Union's policies. In the frame of cooperative and dialectic relationships will be verified the functions of the interlocutors of the civil society in relationship with the two international organisations and levels of partnership. Some problematic knots will be analysed such as the evaluation of projects' performance of the organisations of the social society (OSC) in order to verify the added value; the dichotomy between a top-down and bottom-up approach in the process planning of the local development; the representation and effectiveness of the OSC's contribution to the global governance for development. Two empirical cases of projects realised by an OCE will be showed. These are financed by the two above considered institutions in order to favour, through a “micro” analysis, the comprehension of possible differences regard to the theoretical picture, to the procedures of the project cycle and to the quantitative showed survey. Altogether it appears that the cooperation between the OSC and the international institutions has more benefits than costs and leads to a win-win partnership.

一在彰明馬氏於東漢經學之地位：如馬氏所注諸經皆為古學，故為東漢古學之集大成 者，此其一；以其精於訓詁，實為後世所謂漢學派之大家，其其二；馬氏說經兼採緯 書及陰陽五行之說，乃附和時代之習尚也，此其三；其雜糅今古文之學，為鄭氏注經 融會今古文之先導，此其四；馬氏博通群經，郊氏偏注諸經，亦得馬氏之啟示，此其 五；其注經兼引群書，後世之注疏家遂並相效之，此其六；其說經歸本人事，以發經 義之微旨，繫儒道於不墜，此其七；其解經，驗諸史實，以證經義之不誣，此其八； 馬氏不囿於師法、家法，使後人能放手研經，而無所拘泥，開後世經學恢宏之局，此 其九。 二在明馬氏經學之源流：如易本費氏，書從西州杜林，詩傳毛氏，三禮、春秋多遵賈 逵、鄭眾，孝經從劉歆校定古文，論語則從古論。 三在明馬氏之生平：誦詩讀書，不可不知其人，故列作者生平年譜一章，以明馬氏年 里、才學、性格、仕宦、交遊、著述之大略。 四在分述馬氏訓釋各經之略例，及其要義，以明馬氏經學之梗概。 五在比較馬融、鄭玄、王肅三家經說之異同，以明鄭、王經學之淵源。 六在校輯馬氏經注佚文，以便學者參稽焉。 /

本論文凡分為九章，茲述其內容大要如次： 第一章緒論，就永嘉學派之學術立場，及其在當時學術界之地位，說明撰述之旨趣。 第二章為宋永嘉學派學術思想變遷之大勢，蓋一書之綱領，而以說明其學之來龍去脈 ，暨諸代表人物學術思想之重點及其成就與地位，並探討其學風所以轉變，暨其學所 以終歸衰歇之緣由。 第三章為元豐九先生之學術思想，第四章為鄭氏兄弟之學術思想，第五章為薛季宣之 學術思想，第六章為陳傅良之學術思想，第七章為葉適之學術思想，分別論述永嘉學 派各期代表人物之學術思想。初欲分就學術與思想二端論述之。 第八章為宋永嘉學派學術思想之影響，博采前修持賢之說，並附己見，以所處時代與 永嘉諸子之略相同者，略分為南宋末年、明末清初、有清道咸同光、民國以來四期， 述其學對於後世學者，若王應麟、顧炎武、黃宗羲、顏元、萬斯同、全祖望、章學誠 、邵晉涵、孫衣言、詒讓父子、陳黼辰、林損師弟等人之影響，但取其實而有徵者論 述之，期免穿鑿附會之病焉。 第九章結論，略論並時浙東學者，呂祖謙、唐仲友、陳亮之學，皆不足與朱、陸相抗 衡，惟永嘉學則足以與之相頡頏。然永嘉學派之學術思想雖與程、朱等道學家之說有 所出入，惟皆在於明體致用。 上述九章而外，並益以三附錄： 附錄一為宋永嘉學派諸子生平著述年表。 附錄二為宋永嘉學派諸子著述考略，稽考永嘉諸子之著述，並說明其存佚，以明學術 思想之趨向焉。 附錄三為參考書目舉要，列舉撰述本論文所參用之重要書目。 /

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comparer deux modes d’intervention internationale (étatique et non-étatique) qui ont une optique de maintien ou de rétablissement de l’ordre et de la paix, de développement économique et social, pour des raisons humanitaires. De fait, la frontière est aujourd’hui floue entre les interventions étatiques et non-étatiques. Pour éviter une confusion conceptuelle, l’objet de l’étude est la comparaison de trois moments historiques d’intervention américaine en Haïti. L’étude se déroule en deux temps. D’abord elle servira à comprendre la logique d’action de l’État américain lors des interventions passées et présente afin de relever les objectifs implicites et explicites de ces interventions. Dans un deuxième temps elle se concentrera sur la biopolitique dans l’intervention humanitaire et l’application de la théorie de régulation du chaos. Celle-ci impliquant des conditions variées, elle propose un modèle théorique qui vise à comprendre l’intervention contemporaine en tant que nouveau cadre épistémique d’action politique, celle du ‘chaos régulé’ (‘Regulated Chaos’: McFalls, Pandolfi, Nguyen). Cette recherche transpose donc l’emphase sur la nécessité effective de l’intervention vers les propriétés de l’intervention. Elle est une tentative de comprendre les expériences sociales de pouvoir dans une zone humanitaire comme Port-au-Prince. / The main goal of this study is to compare two modes of international interventions (state and non-state) that have the objective of maintaining or restoring order and peace, economical and social development, for humanitarian reasons. In fact, the limit between state and non-state interventions is blurry. To avoid such conceptual confusion, the object of study is an ensemble of three historical moments of American intervention in Haiti. The study is divided in two points. First, it will help comprehend the logic of action of the American state during past interventions in Haiti, and define the implicit and explicit goals of these interventions. Secondly this study focuses on biopolitics in humanitarian intervention and the application of the theory of regulated chaos. Because this theory implies various conditions, it proposes a theoretical model that wishes to explain contemporary intervention as a new epistemic framework of political action, one of the « regulated chaos » (McFalls; Pandolfi; Nguyen). This study shifts the emphasis on the effective necessity of the humanitarian intervention to its properties. It is therefore a tentative to understand social experiences of power in a humanitarian zone such as Port-au-Prince.

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