I denna studie har vi undersökt fyra förskolepedagogers förhållningssätt, normer och tankar kring genus samt om deras uppfattning stämmer överens med deras agerande i den praktiska verksamheten. Syftet med denna studie var att få mer kunskap om hur genusmedvetenheten kan se ut på förskolan idag samt att ta reda på om alla barn ges samma förutsättningar i vår studerade leksituation; bygg och konstruktionsleken. En framträdande frågeställning har varit att få fatt vilka normer som råder bland pedagogerna och hur de tar sig uttryck i verksamheten. Som teoretisk ansats har vi använt oss utav feministisk poststrukturalism och data har vi samlat in genom observationer av verksamheten samt intervjuer med pedagogerna. Resultatet visar på att det finns en motsättning mellan pedagogernas egna uppfattningar om sitt förhållningssätt och deras agerande i det praktiska arbetet. I resultatet framkom även att pedagogerna såg sig själva som genusneutrala, trots detta framträdde en viss könstraditionell syn på föreställningen kring barns agerande och fysiska uttryck. Gällande alla barns likvärdiga förutsättningar visar ett av våra huvudresultat på en tydlig diskriminering gentemot de yngsta barnen på förskolan. / In this study, we have investigated four preschool teachers attitudes, norms and own ideas about gender and if their perceptions match their behaviour in practical operations. The purpose of this study was to gain more knowledge about how gender-awareness can appear at Swedish preschools today and to find out if all preschool children are given the same opportunities in our studied play situation, building and construction-play. A prominent issue has been to get hold of which norms that is manifested among the preschool teachers and how they appear. We have used feminist post-structuralism as a theoretical approach and the data were collected through observations of preschool activities and interviews with the preschool teachers. The results tell us that there exists a contradiction between the preschool teachers own perceptions about their attitudes and their behavior in the practical work. The results also revealed that the preschool teachers perceived themselves as gender neutral, nevertheless they appeared a certain gender traditional view of performance on children's behavior and physical expression. One of our main results revealed a clear discrimination against the youngest children at the preschool, which means that all children doesn’t get equal opportunities to play at the preschool.

This essay is about conflicts between feminist theory and lived male sexuality. By interviewing four male feminist identified young activists this studie examines how these men solve potential conflicts between sexual desires and feminist ideals and how their identitiesare created with regards to feminist theory. A qualitative poststructuralist approach is used where feminst discourses set outs different ways for the men to interpret themselves as feminist subjects. The study concludes that these men distance themselves from what they find as different kinds of hegemonic masculinities, such as: activity, dominance and heterosexual masculinities. The possibilities of identification for the men in the study are: ”afemale position”, ”a non male position”, ”a refllexive or searching position” or ”a nonheterosexual position”. / Denna uppsats handlar om konflikter mellan feministiska ställningstaganden och levd manlig sexualitet hos fyra feministidentifierade män samt vilka betydelser dessa konflikter har för hur männen i studien kan identifiera sin manliga sexualitet. Genom kvalitativ postrukturalistiskt influerad metod används feministiska diskurser som fondvägg för min empiri. Studien visar hur respondenterna tar avstånd från hegemoniska maskulinitetsuttryck, exempelvis aktivitet, dominans och heterosexualitet och de vill förändra sig själva i en feministisk riktning. Deras feministiska sexuella identitet har fyra olika uttryck: ”Att beskriva sig själv som kvinnlig och uppvärdera traditionellt kvinnliga sexuella egenskaper”, ”att vara ickemanlig i sängen”, ”att reflektera över sin sexualitet” och ”att vara öppen för samkönat sexuellt umgänge”.

No description available.

Uppsatsen undersöker huruvida freds- och konfliktvetenskapliga teorier kan kopplas till freds- respektive försvarsmuseer. Tidigare forskning som kopplar dessa två tvärvetenskapliga ämnesområden till varandra är ytterst bristfällig, vilket kan ge negativa konsekvenser på det museer förmedlar till sina besökare. Är freds- och försvarsmuseerna inte medvetna om vilka teoretiska utgångspunkter de faktiskt har kan de omedvetet ge besökarna en snedvriden och ensidig bild av verkligheten. I uppsatsens undersökning beskrivs Fredens Hus och Armémuseum utifrån ett freds- och konfliktvetenskapligt analysverktyg för att utröna hur de tolkar och förmedlar säkerhet. De två freds- och konfliktvetenskapliga teorierna realism och feminism används sedan för att se om endera museum faktiskt förmedlar en verklighetsuppfattning baserad på någon av dessa teorier. I slutsatsen redogörs att Fredens Hus förmedlar en verklighetssyn som sammanfaller med det kritiska perspektivet feminism och att Armémuseum förmedlar ett perspektiv som sammanfaller med det traditionella perspektivet realism. / The thesis explores wether peace- and conflict studies theories can be linked to peace and war museums. Previous research on these multidisciplinary subject areas merged together is deficient, a situation which could be an adverse impact on what the museums conveys to their visitors. If the peace and war museums aren’t consciously choosing either peace- and conflict studies theory to base their work on, they could inadvertency give their visitors an one-sided and skewed view of the world. The thesis analysis describes Fredens Hus  and Armémuseum from a peace- and conflict studies analysis tool set, designed to determine how they interpret and convey security. The two theoretical perspectives, the traditional perspective realism and the critical perspective feminism, is then used to analyse wether either museum actually conveys either two theories. In the conclusion of the thesis it is apparent that Fredens Hus conveys a perspective that coincides with feminism and that Armémuseum coincides with realism.

This thesis explores how jazz musicians in Sweden experience jazz culture in terms of hierarchies and structures of power through a feminist phenomenological perspective. Through qualitative interviews with four jazz musicians with experience of attending different music colleges in Sweden, I explore their experiences of jazz culture in general, as well as specific contexts which are common within the culture. Using my theoretical approach, mainly consosting of the theories of Sara Ahmed and Iris Young, I review my informants´ possibilities to orientate themselves toward and within Swedish jazz culture. The informants all have different views of who holds the authority within the jazz culture. The study shows that male representation, masculine patterns of movement and structures of class differences has an impact on the informants possibilities to orientate themselves within the culture.

Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie syftar till att beskriva och analysera hur ledarskap inom förskolans arbetslag konstrueras genom diskurser, men även diskutera positioneringar och ledarskap som möjliggörs och omöjliggörs för arbetslagets pedagoger. Med feministisk poststrukturalism som ett teoretiskt ramverk och med fokus på begreppen diskurs, språk, subjektivitet och positionering genomför vi en diskursanalys. I vår konstruerade empiri identifierar vi tre teman: Det osynliga ledarskapet, Mötestid som arena för ledarskap och Delat eller delande ledarskap inom vilka vi synliggör olika diskurser. En diskurs som dominerar är den som på olika sätt handlar om att ledarskapet är gemensamt och att alla pedagoger i arbetslaget får vara med och bestämma. Parallellt råder andra diskurser. Till exempel en som beskriver ledarskap och beslutsfattande processer som något som inte talas om, eller en annan om idén om rutiner och strukturer som kan reglera arbetslagen. Vår slutsats av studien är att ledarskap i form av ett ledande lärande i förskolans arbetslag är ett sätt att möjliggöra ett ledarskap som både gynnar kvaliteten i verksamheten och tar hänsyn till olika kompetenser i arbetslaget.

Denna uppsats ser på vem det egentligen är som tittar på de nakna eller halvnakna verken som ställs ut på den Nationalmuseum i Stockholm efter deras nyöppning hösten 2018. Metoden som har använts för att söka svar på detta är genom fysiska observationer på plats, medan en avgränsning till större skulpturer och målningar som visar bröstvårtor eller kön har gjorts, även en kvantitativ inventering har gjorts av verken. För att analysera resultatet används en feministisk postkolonial diskursanalys, med utgångspunkt från den tidigare forskningen om ”blicken” eller ”the Gaze”, från Sartre, Mulvey, och Gamman & Marshmen. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av de nakna verken har placerats i avdelningarna för den tidiga konsten från 1500-1700- talet, medan det är få nakna verk i den senare tidens avdelningar från 1800-1900-talet. Denna uppdelning följer även en uppdelning av var män och kvinnor uppehåller sig längst, då männen är på 1500-1700-tals avdelningen längst medan kvinnorna uppehåller sig längst på 1800-1900-tals avdelningen.Det visar sig även att män är mer intresserad av att titta på nakna män än vad kvinnor är, dock så är män och kvinnor lika intresserade av att titta på nakna kvinnor. En intressant vändning är att kvinnorna och männens beteenden ändras i varandras sällskap, då kvinnorna tar samma plats som männen medan männen tar mindre plats som kvinnorna.

<p>This thesis concerns the feminist consciousness-raising novel of the 1970s. The aim of the thesis is to examine narrative strategies which, according to the consciousness-raising practice, are adapted to enlighten the political aspects of the personal. The focus is both on strategies that address the protagonist and on those that address the reader. I also examine in which way the use of these strategies is dependent upon ideas of class and gender.</p><p>I find that the narrative situation, in this case the relationship between the protagonist and the narrator, is central to the use of the consciousness-raising narrative strategies. In Anna-Lisa Bäckmans Fia i folkhemmet och Fia med manifestet, the protagonist Fia is positioned as an oppressed working-class woman, which results in a narrative situation that gives the protagonist a limited space of action and that gives the narrator the power to interpret the experiences of the protagonist. In Margareta Sarris Ta dej en slav och Mor ror åran är trasig, the relationship between the protagonist and the narrator is more equal, due to its dialogic form that enables the protagonist Lisa to talk back to the narrator. The consciousness-raising narrative follows a heteronormative development that is characteristic of all novels examined.</p><p>The analysis demonstrates that the narrative situation is important to the plot. Lisa is able to change the course of her life according to the novel’s feminist analysis, which Fia to a lesser degree, is not. The analysis also demonstrates that the narrative position is constructed according to gender as well as to class.</p>

<p>In this essay I study two novellas by Anne Charlotte Leffler, “En bal i societeten” and “I krig med samhället”. In order to do this, I use some of the differences between male and female writing that Ingeborg Nordin Hennel discusses in her study “Ämnar kanske fröken publicera något?”: Kvinnligt och manligt i 1880-talets novellistik. For the analysis of “I krig med samhället” I also use the text “Stabat mater” by Julia Kristeva. Anne Charlotte Leffler describes femininity both as a shortcoming and as a possibility in her authorship. In this essay I focus on femininity as a shortcoming. In my opinion “shortcoming” is not the proper description. I have therefore introduced the term “novella of disillusionment” to describe the novellas. My idea is that the female protagonist through disillusionment comes to the understanding of the double standards and limiting conventions of women. This is the insight that underlies femininity as a possibility.</p><p>I want to show how the two novellas lead to disillusionment for Arla. In “En bal i societeten”, the young Arla’s disillusionment is about romantic love. The novella criticizes bourgeois matrimony. It also discusses authorship and theatrical art. The novella is impressionistic. I examine the portrayed women because they give a voice to and criticize double standards. Another distinct theme is the relationship between mothers and daughters as part of the oppressive patriarchal system. The men appearing in the novella are more of stereotypes. Their primary interest is in their relationship to Arla. The narrator uses often a double gaze where the second look is female and antipatriarcal.</p><p>In the analysis of “I krig med samhället” I focus on Arla’s development. The main male character is a young radical writer, typical of male writers in the 1880s. My interest is solely in his relationship to Arla. His radical ideas do not include the emancipation of women and the companionate marriage proves to be disillusionment for Arla. His view of women is influenced by the ideals of the discourse of the Madonna. This both restricts Arla, and gives her a possible way of life, based on a feminine experience. I also discuss the perspective of the narrator that confronts the views of Lefflers male colleagues. I also discuss the complex relationship between Arla and her teenage daughter.</p><p>In the final part of the essay I clarify the disillusionment by comparing Arla’s fate with some works by Leffler that can better be categorized as describing femininity as a possibility, in particular, the novel “En sommarsaga”. In my opinion “I krig med samhället” is the precursor of the novel.</p>

The starting point for this thesis is to problematize the male-dominated language of The Swedish Hymnal and the understanding of gender it involves. The purpose has been: to clarify the understanding of gender and ecclesiology in The Swedish Hymnal and in the Swedish Church's General Synod and to develop an understanding of gender for the church in an equal society. To this end I have examined the understanding of gender of the hymn texts from a gender perspective as well as an ecclesiological perspective. I have also studied the meaning of the understanding of gender of the hymn texts in their wider cultural and social context. I have made use of theoretical approaches and strategies from feminism, feminist theology, ecclesiology, and theories about the importance of language in relation to the society in which it operates. The main result is that the understanding of gender of the hymn texts is markedly dichotomous and value discriminatory to women's disadvantage, and must be regarded as an obstacle to equality. With regard to the ecclesiology of the hymn texts I have used the model of the church - a community for the same conditions as an interpretative key. This has shown that even the ecclesiology of the texts is asymmetric to advantage of men. As regards the understanding of gender and ecclesiology in the Synod, I have found that the category of gender almost never is linked to equality. When placing the understanding of gender of the hymn texts in a wider cultural and social context it appears that the understanding of gender of the hymn texts underpins an understanding of gender that claims the specificity of each gender and a society where only words that connotes male human beings become a model for this community. This has epistemological implications. Finally, with a foundation in the survey results and the theoretical perspectives, I have developed a language without a dichotomous and value discriminatory understanding of gender. This language is characterized by the presentation of women and men in such a way that eliminates gender stereotypes and above all that the deity so as to connote both women and men. The main conclusion of my studies is that the problems with the gender understanding of the hymn book is a consequence of expressing the deity with markers that connotes male human beings, so that divine and manly interplay. In addition, a significant gender-blindness in the decision-making body of the church is a cause. Another conclusion is that the understanding of gender in The Swedish Hymnal has a structuring effect on society at large.Keywords: understanding of gender, equality, feminist theology, feminist ecclesiology, worship and equality, worship and language.