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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

中文對話中的異議使用:語用學與社會語言學分析 / Disagreement in mandarin Chinese: a sociopragmatic analysis

劉容瑜, Liu, Jung Yu Unknown Date (has links)
人們常因為禮貌或其他因素避免對立的情況發生。然而,異議在我們日常溝通中又扮演了不可或缺的角色。之前,眾多對於異議及其相關語言活動的研究均未曾探究異議內容的本質(對於事實內容的異議或對於議題評估的異議)與異議的建構有何關係。此外,台灣鮮少研究社會因素對異議建構方式的影響。基於上述不足,本研究旨在探討何種異議(內容異議或評估異議)在日常生活中較常出現,不同異議類別的語言形式與語用策略為何,以及年齡是否會影響異議的數量多寡與建構方式。本研究採用言談分析(conversational analysis, CA)作為研究框架,並以言語行為理論(speech act theory),合作原則(Cooperative Principles)及禮貌理論(Politeness Principles)為理論基礎。 本研究以12份日常交談為語料,進行異議分析。在這12份語料中,8組對話者為同齡(4組年長者,4組年輕者),4組對話者為跨齡。在分析過程中,先依異議的本質進行分類,進而分析討論異議中所使用的語言形式、語用策略、社會因素(年齡),以及四者彼此之間的互動。 研究結果顯示,第一,人們使用評估異議的頻率為內容異議的兩倍之多。個人主觀式遠多於社會文化評估的異議。第二,就語言形式而言,在異議的建構中,否定句、預告詞及肯定句(依此順序)的使用頻率高於其他語言形式。然而,語言行式的選擇會隨異議的本質而有所改變。內容異議通常使用直接句型,如否定句與肯定句;評估異議則平均使用直接性的否定句與間接性的預告詞。第三,就語用策略而言,更正、解釋與質疑(依此順序)的使用頻率高於其他語用策略。語用策略的選擇亦隨異議本質的不同而有所改變。超過一半的內容異議使用更正策略,但在評估異議中,更正、解釋與質疑的使用頻率相當。第四,在評估異議中,在各個語用策略中,語言形式的種類比內容異議多。這個結果影射著評估異議對面子的威脅程度可能比內容異議來得嚴重。因此,在進行評估異議時,語言形式與語用策略的挑選用必須格外注意。第五,年齡與異議的建構有顯著的相關性。同齡組比跨齡組更容易產生異議。最後,在異議中,聽話者的角色比說話者的角色更具有影響力。 / Although people try to avoid opposition for the sake of politeness or other reasons, disagreement, which may threaten interpersonal relationship and the success of communication, is inevitable in our daily life. Previous studies on disagreement (including dispute, argument, conflict, etc.) have not probe into the nature of the referential content—whether it is content-based (in this study, C-disagreement) or evaluation-based (in this study, E-disagreement), and the influences of social factors on disagreement have rarely been examined in Taiwan. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to see what type of disagreement are most likely to occur in daily conversations and to examine whether age is an influential factor on linguistic choices for in disagreement in Chinese society. This study uses the framework of conversational analysis (CA), and adopts speech act theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1975), Cooperative Principles (Grice, 1975) and Politeness Principles (Brown and Levinson’s, 1978, 1987; Leech, 1983) as the theoretical foundations. 12 conversations by speakers of 8 same-age groups (including 4 old groups and 4 young groups) and 4 cross-age groups were examined for disagreement. Related data are categorized, analyzed, and discussed by types of disagreement, linguistic markers, pragmatic strategies, social variable (in this study, age), and the interaction among the four. The results of the data analyses show, first, people adopt nearly twice more E-disagreement than C-disagreement; moreover, E-disagreement based on personal judgment emerges more often than E-disagreement based on socio-cultural evaluation. Second, for linguistic markers, negation, pre-announcement marker, and affirmative (in this order) are adopted more in disagreement. However, preferences for linguistic markers change according to types of disagreement. In C-disagreement, direct syntactic markers, such as negation and affirmative, are used more frequently than the others; however, in E-disagreement, direct negation (syntactic) and indirect pre-announcement (lexical) are used with equal frequencies. Third, among pragmatic strategies, correction, account, and challenge (in this order) are adopted more frequently than the others. The usage of pragmatic strategies varies with types of disagreement. In C-disagreement, correction is highly adopted. But in E-disagreement, correction, account, and challenge are used with equal percentages. Fourth, the fact that more varieties of linguistic markers are used in each pragmatic strategy in E-disagreement than in C-disagreement may imply impoliteness, since face-threatening force is more serious in E-disagreement than in C-disagreement, which, in turn, indicates that more careful manipulation is needed in using E-disagreement. Fifth, age is influential in disagreement. More disagreements are found in the same-age groups than in the cross-age groups. Last, the hearer’s role is found to be more influential than the speaker’s role.
232

我國建教合作制度及建教合作生勞動權益保障之探討 / A study on cooperative education and labor rights protection of participating students in Taiwan

趙健宇, Chao, Chien Yu Unknown Date (has links)
在全球化的環境下,經濟與科技的瞬息萬變已對各產業產生革命性的衝擊。在此情況下,人才的培育成為各國在全球化趨勢下,得以維持競爭優勢至關重要之因素。而面對全球化經濟、資本自由流動,我國政府對於推動人才培育政策亦不遺餘力,其中我國經濟建設的大幅成長即與技職教育的日益發展息息相關。而在技職教育體系中,又以建教合作制度最具有發展經濟及安定社會之功能,過去此制度亦培育許多優秀且不可或缺的基層勞動力。 本研究透過深度訪談之方式,訪談5位目前正參與建教合作之學生、3間目前正參與此制度之學校及3間目前正參與此制度之企業。根據本研究發現,建教合作生參與此制度之動機主要係以經濟因素之考量為主,其餘則係依據個人興趣及喜好而投入。至有關建教生勞動權益保障部分,研究發現,即便我國102年施行之《高級中等學校建教合作實施及建教生權益保障法》對於建教生勞動權益之保護已明訂且規範十分詳盡,惟我國建教生對於勞動意識仍相當薄弱,且對於事業機構之違法行為亦賦予合理化之解釋,另對於勞動基本權(如:團結權、團體協商權、爭議權)亦一無所知,究其理由應與我國勞動教育的不普及密切關聯,建教生無法明確區分「學習」與「勞動」。因此,本研究根據結論,分別提出給政府、學校、企業、學生及後續研究者相關建議,希冀能改善我國建教合作制度所面臨之問題,以協助建教合作生在企業訓練期間之勞動權益受到保障,並使建教合作制度得永續發展,使學生得透過此制度獲致相關職業技能。 / Under the circumstances of globalization, the rapid substantial change of economy and technology has had a revolutionary impact on various industries. As a result, the cultivation of manpower becomes the key factor for countries to maintain competitive advantages under the trend of globalization. In the face of the free flow of capital and economy, our government has also spared no efforts to promote the manpower cultivation plan. The development of the substantial growth of Taiwan's economy is also closely related to the technical and vocational education. As one of the technical and vocational education system, the cooperative education has the function of developing economy and stabilizing the society. In the past, the cooperative education indeed cultivated many excellent and indispensable human capital in Taiwan. In this study, depth interviews were used for data collection. The participants include 5 students who are currently engaged in cooperative education, 3 schools currently participating in the system, and 3 enterprises currently participating in the system. According to this research, the motivations of students to participate in this system are mainly due to the consideration of economic factors, while the rest are based on personal interests. In regards to the protection of participating students’ labor rights, the study also found that even though the 2013 " The Act of the Cooperative Education Implementation in Senior High Schools and the Protection of Student Participants’ Right " was legislated to protect students’ labor rights, while the labor consciousness of the participating students are still weak. In addition, the participating students also rationalize the enterprise’s illegal acts, and know nothing about the basic labor rights (eg. right to organize, right to bargain collectively, right to dispute). The reasons should be owing to Taiwan's labor education is not so widespread, so participating students can’t clearly distinguish between "learning" and "labor." In conclusion, recommendations for policy makers, schools, enterprises, students as well as the further research, hoping to improve the problems faced by Taiwan's cooperative education as well as to improve the students’ labor rights during the training. Hope that the cooperative education can be more sustainable so that students can get skills through this system.
233

台日中區域經濟整合之機遇與策略研究 / The Opportunities and Strategies of Regional Economic Integration among Taiwan, Japan and China

林香吟, Kogin Hayashi Unknown Date (has links)
當今,臨區域性或世界性經濟整合風潮下,與台灣經濟發展密切之兩個鄰邦厥為中國大陸與日本。過去,日本學者提出雁行理論從詮釋台灣經濟奇蹟的發展模式與產業變遷歷程。然而近年來,中國大陸國民所得總量已超越日本成為世界第二大經濟體,而台灣經濟停滯於亞洲四小龍之末,又有經濟轉型瓶頸危機。因此,台灣須一方面保持與日本之傳統經貿關係,另方面,也需加強與中國大陸之經濟合作,以維台灣經濟成長動能。然而,不論台灣與中國大陸或日本之經濟合作,其實是一種既有合作又有競爭的動態關係。 在客觀環境上,台灣是海島型經濟,全球化與區域經濟自由貿易是目前左右全球經濟發展的兩股潮流。近年來,台灣薪資成長率與經濟成長率皆居亞洲四小龍之末以及產業升級瓶頸難以突破等問題,皆導致台灣經濟減速或失去動能等現象。基本上,台灣目前所處時代潮流,外有世界性或區域性經濟整合風潮,內有產業結構轉型瓶頸有待突破。因此,就外環境衝擊研究,本文擬對區域經濟整合做觀察與描述性探討,並在區域經濟整合基礎上,本文提出「兩岸經濟轉型理論」(或稱兩翅理論,以隱喻兩岸經濟之起飛)以為消解內部轉型困境之方,或為台灣產業轉型提供建言,並擬就兩岸目前既有或未來進一步的經濟合作做出理論性探討。在產業合作與未來展望上,本文提出以台灣服務業結合大陸經濟發展,以進軍全球市場。 / Today, under the regional or global economic integrational trend, Taiwan's economic development is closely dedicated by two neighboring countries, China and Japan. From the past, Japanese scholars has advocated from the flying geese paradigm for interpreting on Taiwan's economic miracle to the industrial transformation model. However, in recent years, the total national income in China has overtaken Japan to become the world's second largest economy, while Taiwan's economic stagnation causes the bottom of Four Asian Tigers. There are bottlenecks in economic transition crisis. Taiwan should maintain the traditional trade and economic relations with Japan. On the other hand, Taiwan should strengthen economic cooperation with the Mainland China in order to achieve Taiwan's economic growth momentum. However, regardless of the economic cooperation between Taiwan and Mainland China or Taiwan with Japan, their relationship becomes coopetition (a kind of both cooperation and competition) in a dynamic environment. Since Taiwan is an island-based economy, economic globalization and regional free trade is currently on the board. In recent years, Taiwan's economic growth rate and wage growth rate are far behind Four Asian Tigers and difficult to break through the bottleneck of industrial transformation. These are all leading to Taiwan's economic slowdown or loss of kinetic energy. Basically, in the current trend in which Taiwan and outside global or regional economy, there are industrial restructuring bottlenecks to be breakthrough. Therefore, in this paper on the regional economic integration, I observe and describe based on the proposal of "cross-strait economic transformation theory" (also known as Liang Chi theory, the metaphor of cross-strait economic takeoff ) that digests the internal party difficulties in transition, or provides suggestions for Taiwan's industrial transformation, and intends to maintain good relationships of two sides (Japan and Mainland China) for the further economic cooperation. On industrial cooperation and future prospects, we propose to combine service industry (finance, cultural and creative industries and so on) of Taiwan’s experience learnt from Japan, and the vast developing space in Mainland China’s service market, there is a chance to enter the global service market.
234

大宗物資 進口代理商之個案分析 / Case study of commodity agent/broker

余永明 Unknown Date (has links)
近年有關台灣中小企業的[新創]概念與實行蓬勃發展,是我國經濟發展的嶄新驅動力。從零開始的創業打拼過程,再再充分展現我國創業者的活力與韌性,更代表了島國台灣的強大不服輸的精神。世界經濟的發展和科技的演變,使創業模式更加多元化,然而面對國際競爭日趨激烈的經貿競爭環境,使得創業的挑戰更勝以往,尤其是中小企業要如何生存以及如何以小搏大,而能夠立足台灣放眼國際 ? 已是創新與創業最不可忽略的關鍵因素之一。 創新與創業是經濟進步的重要動力一環,若要激發創新與創業的能量與速度,則與創業所在地的經濟環境息息相關。現有國內的新創事業似乎多著眼於"產品"方面的創新,較少發展出市場經營"模式"的創新。學生相信這與台灣過去以製造業為主之特殊的產業型態有很大的關係,但未來若新創事業能夠多朝向[服務業多元化]、[產品製造業服務化]、[服務業科技化]等新興產業的模式,更需要的是對於市場、服務的創新。因此,本論文希望重商業模式的探討與新創服務業之個案研究,來探討服務業的商業模式與價值創造等議題,應有助於瞭解此一現象,並提供參考。 如何做到最成功最賺錢的”小企業”。 理論上這一個小企業通常是結合較低的開銷和啟動成本再加上特殊專業的技能和十足的運氣。以下本文所討論到的新創產業故事, 將深入剖析固中成功元素的關鍵 。 由於日益全球化和自由化的經濟大環境,使得21世紀的商業市場變得更具競爭性以及透明性。 再加上競爭威脅的經濟脆弱性不斷迫使小型商業 機構要加速垂直整合或合併以便提高自身的能力、效率和競爭力。 另外我們將討論到小企業如何在競爭的環境裡突破,那麼他們在經營的策略上可能必須要有何種[創新能力]以及[破壞力] ? ,唯有強大的[破壞力]才能夠在大型競爭對手環伺的情況下突圍並且迅速在極短的時間內攻城掠地。 中小型企業在經營的時候多半偏向於只思考如何跟平行的同業競爭而忽略了自己真正能夠生存的最重要條件 : 應該是思考在客戶面前的 "最佳被利用價值" ?! 也唯有提供客戶不同於競爭對手的更佳"被利用價值" 藉由客戶的提攜以及賞識才能夠讓新創或者小型企業迅速的成就交易,如果能夠不斷的站在客戶的立場提供專屬於每一個客戶需要的服務,那麼在一次一次的交易之後自然而然新創企業的地位與重要性迅速的被提升,最後至於同行之間的競爭問題也無需再多做過份的擔憂。 最後本論文的重點裡面也會討論到如何將本業創新經營的模式直接引用到其他行業、品項的可行性 ? 假使轉移性高且能夠得到成功 ,那麼表示這一個經營模式是可以被大部分的行業所利用 ,對一個生活在丸爾小島的台灣的我們而言 ,我們一直缺乏各式天然資源 ,因此如果能夠在世界產業鏈裡利用特殊的新創服務來介入國際貿易 ,並爭取到較好的收入 ,想必更值得讀者們參考與沈思。
235

鹹海流域水資源治理之研究 / A Study on Water Governance in the Aral Sea Basin

徐蘢芊, Xu, Long Qian Unknown Date (has links)
二十一世紀,水資源問題已經成為國際社會共同關注的焦點。它不僅關係到地球生態系統的維繫和人類社會的可持續發展,還對當代國際關係產生廣泛深遠的影響。尤其是水資源匱乏地區,水資源問題已成為影響該地區國家間關係的重要因素,甚至對地區的和平與發展穩定構成威脅。 受地理因素影響,中亞地區的水資源多為跨境水體,造成了該地區水資源開發主體的多樣性。各國對水資源長期不合理的開發利用,產生了一系列的浪費及污染問題,引發了許多國際爭端。為此,中亞各國簽訂一系列雙邊、多邊協議,試圖通過國際合作來解決跨境水資源問題,然而卻無法形成一個長期有效的合作機制。圍繞國際水資源的利用、開發、管理而產生的爭端依然困擾著中亞。 本文首先是闡述中亞水資源概況及開發歷程,探索中亞水資源問題產生的根源。其次,從中亞各國之間採取的政策互動入手,分析探討中亞在國際水資源開發中的「合作困境」。最後借鑒國際跨境水資源利用現狀與趨勢,分析構建有助於目標實現的制度安排,從而提出中亞國際水資源合作的解決途徑。通過構建切實發揮效能的區域水資源合作機制,推動中亞各國內部實現更好發展,同時促進整個中亞及鄰國、周邊地區的穩定發展。 / In the 21st century, the issue of water resources has become the focus of common concern of the international community. It is not only related to the maintenance of the earth's ecosystem and the sustainable development of human society, but also has a far-reaching impact on contemporary international relations. Especially in water-scarce areas, water resources has become an important factor affecting relations among countries in the region, and even poses a threat to regional peace and development and stability. Due to geographical factors, water resources in Central Asia are mostly transboundary water bodies, resulting in the diversification of water resources development in the region. The unreasonable exploitation and utilization of water resources in a long period of time has brought about a series of waste and pollution problems, which has caused many international disputes. To this end, the Central Asian countries signed a series of bilateral and multilateral agreements, trying to solve international water resources through cross-border issues, but can not form a long-term effective cooperation mechanism. Disputes over the use, development and management of international water resources continue to haunt Central Asia. This paper firstly elaborates the general situation and development process of water resources in Central Asia, and explores the root causes of water resources problems in Central Asia. Secondly, this paper analyzes the interaction dilemma of Central Asia in international water resources development from the policy interaction among the countries of Central Asia. Finally, it draws lessons from the current situation and trend of international transboundary water resources utilization, analyzes and constructs the institutional arrangements that will help the target to achieve, and then proposes the solutions to the international water resources cooperation in Central Asia. Through the construction of effective regional water resources cooperation mechanism, it can promote better development within the Central Asian countries, and stimulate the stable development of the whole Central Asia, the neighboring countries and even the surrounding areas.
236

中共在中亞地區能源開採之研究

胡敏遠 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文內容可區分為三部分、六章。 第一部分,為「導論」一第一章。其要項有: 一、研究目的:主在解答中共能源供需問題、中共參與中亞能源開發之策略、中共參與中亞能源開採之戰略涵義及對中亞國際情勢之影響。 二、研究範圍:研究的時空範圍,主要起自1992年申亞五國獨立建國至2001年止。研究國家主要以中亞主要產油國家及俄羅斯為對象。 三、研究方法:採現貿主義的國家利益與理性決策模式等途徑為主。 第二部分,為「理論實踐的現況研究」。 一、中共能源供需現況與解決途徑之研究與說明,作為論文的第二章。 二、中亞地區地緣戰略的重要性,及其能源儲藏現況與在國際能源市場中的地位及爭端因素,作為論文第三章。 三、中共參與中亞能源的實際作為與開發,對其國家利益之影響,作為論文的第四章。 四、從中亞國際的政治、經濟與安全層面,說明中共在開採中亞能源對此地區所造成的影響,作為論文第五章。 第三部分,為「結論」一第六章,其要項有: 一、中共成為中亞地區重要的權力角逐者。 二、中共利用國際聯盟以發展「大西部開發計畫」。 三、「中」美俄在中亞地區仍將處於爾虞我詐。 四、安全問題仍將是中共外交政策的重心。 五、中共與中亞國家政治、經濟與安全機制建構將不利於中華民國。
237

知識型團隊特性與知識管理策略關聯之研究

楊曙維, Yang, Sue-Wei Unknown Date (has links)
管理大師彼得。杜拉克(Peter F. Drucker)在1960年代即提出『知識工作』與『知識工作者』等觀點。之後,更在1993 年其著作-『後資本主義社會』(Post-Capitalist Society)當中表示,『我們正進入一個知識社會,在這個社會當中,基本的經濟資源將不再是資本(Capital)、自然資源(Natural Resources)或是勞力(Labor),而將是知識,而知識員工將成為其中的主角』。 在知識經濟的年代,創造力比生產力重要,再加上,知識工作者所想要的是挑戰性較高的工作,所以喜歡在成功的團體中工作(Dick Dove,1998)。今日,許多由知識型工作者組成的知識型團隊紛紛出現,也是因為一個案子的成功已不太可能是只靠一人之人所達成,而是集眾人之力,因此,本研究以知識型團隊為主角,欲了解知識型團隊的運作的過程。 本研究嘗試想用左腦工作者與右腦工作者為出發點,想找出不同的知識工作者所組成的知識型團隊的團隊特性是否有差異?此外,這些差異是否會造成知識型團隊在選擇知識管理策略時選擇方向的不同?於是,想以成功團隊為例,試圖找出各個知識型團隊在團隊本質、創意特性、團隊特性與知識整合上的一般性,期望以知識管理為一架構,做一個重新的詮釋。 最後,經由「個案分析法」,本研究歸納出以下幾點結論: (1)、知識型團隊的特性可分為「團隊構成(知識異質性)」、「團隊的任務(任務模糊性)」與「相互關係」。「團隊的任務」與「相互關係」具有正相關,當團隊的任務模糊性高時,團隊成員與成員間相互關係自然緊密;若任務模糊性低,成員與成員間的互動會減少、互動方式只有垂直式互動為必須,互相依賴的程度也會變少,造成成員間的相互關係為鬆散。而不同知識型團隊因具有不同的團隊特性導致團隊「知識管理策略」產生不同的情形。 (2)、知識型團隊特性會影響團隊的知識管理策略。「知識依附的方式」、「知識儲存與協調的方式」、「知識整合模式」、「知識整合機制」與「整合者角色」與「團隊的任務(任務模糊性)」及「相互關係」的關聯性最強,與「團隊構成(知識異質性)」的關聯性最弱。 (3)、知識型團隊特性會影響團隊的知識管理策略。「知識整合機制」與「開展性與整合性思考時間比例」與「團隊的任務(任務模糊性)」及「相互關係」的關聯性最弱,與「團隊構成(知識異質性)」的關聯性最強。 (4)、「學習機制」、「整合者類型」與知識型團隊特性無關。 期望這幾點研究發現能對未來後續研究有任何啟發,並能對「知識管理」領域有些許貢獻。 / In 1960s, Peter F. Drucker was the first person who mentioned that “knowledge worker”. Afterward, he proposed that “now the society is a knowledge society. In knowledge society, the most important resource is not capital, natural resources and labor, but knowledge. Knowledge workers will become the main actors.” in “Post-Capitalist Society” in 1993. In knowledge economy era, creativity is more critical than productivity. Besides, knowledge workers want to work in more challenge environment, therefore, they want to work for successful teams. (Dick Dove, 1998) Nowadays, many knowledge teams emerge, because one project could not succeed by only one man’s effort. Therefore, knowledge team was selected as main actor in this investigation. In addition, it uses different types of knowledge workers as starting point in this work. It hopes to find some connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “knowledge management strategies”. Also, it uses “case study method” to develop and summarize primary and secondary materials in this investigation. The aim of this study is as the follow: (1) To summarize “knowledge team’s characteristics” from practice of four cases. (2) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “learning mechanism”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “learning mechanism” selections. (3) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “the knowledge depending way”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “the knowledge depending way” selections. (4) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “the knowledge storage and coordination way”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “the knowledge storage and coordination way” selections. (5) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “the knowledge integration model”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “the knowledge integration model” selections. (6) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “the knowledge integration mechanism”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “the knowledge integration mechanism” selections. (7) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “the types of knowledge integrator”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “the types of knowledge integrator” selections. (8) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “the role of knowledge integrator”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “the role of knowledge integrator” selections. (9) To find the connections between “knowledge team’s characteristics” and “the time ratio of opening and integration thinking”. Also, it will analyze which “knowledge team’s characteristics” effects the knowledge team’s “the time percentage of opening and integration thinking” selections. After doing interview and analysis, it gets several conclusions in this investigation: 1、“Knowledge team’s characteristics” can be divide into three parts:   A “The composition of team” B “The task of team”   C “The interrelation of team” There is an interesting thing among those three parts. “The task of team” is proportional to “The interrelation of team”. In other words, if “The task of team” is very hard, all teammates will interact frequently and job overlap is often. Then, “The interrelation of team” will be very closed.  2、“Knowledge team’s characteristics” influence knowledge team’s “Knowledge Management Strategy”. In this investigation, “The task of team” effects knowledge team’s decision about “Knowledge Management Strategy” in several aspects, “The knowledge depending way”, “The knowledge storage and coordination way”, “The knowledge integration model”, ”The knowledge integration mechanism” and “The role of knowledge integrator”. 3、“Knowledge team’s characteristics” influence knowledge team’s “Knowledge Management Strategy”. In this investigation, “The composition of team” effects knowledge team’s decision about “Knowledge Management Strategy” in several aspects, ”The knowledge integration mechanism” and “The time ratio of opening and integration thinking”. 4、There is not any correlation between “Learning mechanism”, “The types of knowledge integrator” and “Knowledge team’s characteristics”.
238

後冷戰時期中共對朝鮮半島政策:經濟與安全層面分析 / Mainland China's policy towards the Korean peninsula in the post cold war era: analysis of strategic and economic factor

金承漢, Kim, Seung-Han Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
239

台灣與日本電腦產業的合作關係─以筆記型電腦為例 / Network Relationship for Taiwan and Japan in Computer Industry--Taking Notebook PC as an Example

遠藤理惠, Endo Rie Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以筆記型電腦產業為例,比較研究台灣與日本兩地的電腦產業結構、廠商之經營型態而合作關係。並且由五力分析、SWOT分析、價值鏈分析為分析工具。在五力分析的部分,從供應商、消費者、同業競爭者、潛在競爭者、替代品的構面,來探討台灣與日本廠商在面臨的因素,均衡狀態,配合環境的變動性發展前景等。皆下來在SWOT分析裡面找出整個筆記型電腦產業擁有的優勢、劣勢、機會而威脅,更深入瞭解台灣與日本廠商的現況,在該產業裡為了維持擁有競爭優勢,導出各產業要強化、改善的途徑。在價值鏈分析部分,引用台灣與日本之主要廠商的最近經營型態來舉例,仔細地瞭解而比較兩國廠商的經營方式。最後,並配合各分析的結果,直接進行訪問日台主要筆記型電腦廠商,經由深度訪談與深度蒐集研究的方式,套入產業結構之理論架構,會使得個案之研究更具完備性,找出未來台灣與日本筆記型電腦廠商間的合作關係。 因為筆記型電腦產業的變化非常快,五力、SWOT、價值鏈分析中的結構也隨著有變。本研究將環境之變化導入討論之中,使得產業研究更具動態的時效性,而盡量引用日本與台灣兩地的2000年第一季最新的資料,使得該研究具備動態效果。
240

國中美術教師對美術館教師研習活動需求之研究—以台北縣市地區為例

顧啟賢, Chi-Hsien Ku Unknown Date (has links)
學校教育與美術館教育在美術教育理念上有著共同的理想與目標,只是兩者在實施內容與方法上有所差異。兩者若能建立良好的互動與合作關係,不但對學生的學習效果可產生極大的影響,同時也符合美術館教育功能的發揮。目前國內多數美術館以在美術館內辦理教師研習活動,培訓學校教師具有運用美術館能力作為發展館校合作的一種方式。然而,美術館在辦理此種研習活動時,教師需求為一重要的考量因素,同時也必須使教師瞭解美術館舉辦教師研習活動的目的與意義,進而達成兩者發展合作關係的基礎。 本研究先運用文獻分析法探討國內外美術教育與美術館教育的理論發展趨勢,以作為建立兩者合作互動的理論基礎。進而從文獻與親自訪查兩方面,蒐集國內外美術館建立館校合作的模式與舉辦教師研習活動的內容與方式。最後,則以問卷、焦點團體與電話訪談三方面來對國中美術教師進行調查訪問,探討其對美術館舉辦教師研習活動的需求與館校合作方式的意見。研究者則根據此三方面的調查資料作一綜合分析比較,提出以下十點結論: 一、美術教師認同美術館對學校師生具有各種不同的教育功能。 二、美術教師對於運用美術館資源從事教學的知能仍有待加強。 三、美術教師在運用美術館資源上仍面臨許多障礙。 四、美術館的展示內容與方式對一般國中學生的學習接受程度有所困難,影響學生的學習意願。 五、美術教師認同美術館舉辦教師研習活動的目的,同時認為有參加此種研習活動的需求。 六、美術教師參加研習活動的需求在於獲得教學資源與藝術鑑賞教學法的運用。 七、美術教師對教師研習活動的舉辦類型與課程內容需求以教學上的實用性需求高於理論知識性、學校課堂上的教學需求高於以美術館為教學環境的需求以及鑑賞教學需求高於創作教學需求。 八、美術教師對研習活動的教學方式以實作性的需求較高,在師資來源上則偏好有實際教學經驗的美術教師。 九、美術教師對研習活動的舉辦時間以寒暑假的需求最高。 十、美術教師對於與美術館互動方式的意見上,以希望美術館能出版與展示相關的教學資源,並在班級參觀美術館時提供展示解說與活動。 根據上述結論,研究者進一步提出下列四方面建議,希望能提供給相關單位參考。 一、美術館應加強製作可提供給學校作為教學運用的教學資源媒體,並建立學校購置管道的途徑。 二、在教師研習的規畫內容與方式上,應注重教師所具有的成人需求特性。 三、美術館應嘗試與學校建立各種互動與溝通的管道。 四、將美術館教育內容納入九年一貫的課程領域中。 第一章 緒論 第一節 問題背景與研究動機 第二節 研究目的與問題 第三節 研究範圍與限制 第四節 名詞解釋 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 國中美術教育的理論與發展現況 一、現今美術教育的理論發展探討 二、我國國中美術教育的課程內容發展 三、國中美術教師的專業知能 第二節 美術館教育的特質與學習特性 一、美術館教育的特質與特性 二、美術館教育相關理論模式探討 三、美術館與學校的合作關係 第三節 美術館教師研習活動的型式 一、美術館教師研習活動的規劃要素 二、國外美術館的教師研習活動與資源 三、國內美術館舉辦教師研習活動的型式 第三章 研究設計與實施 第一節 研究方法與架構 第二節 研究對象 第三節 研究工具 第四節 研究過程 第五節 資料處理 第四章 研究結果與討論 第一節 研究對象基本資料分析 第二節 美術教師教學現況分析 第三節 教師對美術館教育功能認知情形 第四節 美術館教師研習活動的需求分析 第五節 美術館與學校教師互動之意見分析 第六節 綜合討論 第五章 結論與建議 第一節 結論 第二節 建議 第三節 後續研究建議 參考書目 附 錄 附錄一:台北縣市國中美術教師對美術館教師研習活動需求調查問卷(預試) 附錄二:台北縣市國中美術教師對美術館教師研習活動需求調查問卷(正式) 附錄三:台北縣市國民中學名錄

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