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公營事業民營化之探討—以日鐵、台鐵為例吳芳貞 Unknown Date (has links)
將公營事業民營化已非口號而已,它已成為許多國家既定的政策之一,我國也不例外。鐵路交通運輸事業亦屬公營事業之一環,為改善台灣鐵路的經營效率低落與服務品質欠佳及財務狀況不良等問題,將其民營化似乎是唯一途徑。
本研究之主要目的為探討台鐵為何必須民營化、如何民營化及其方式;另外並以事後回溯研究之方法舉出已民營化十餘年的日本國鐵為例,概略說明其民營化之經過,且也對其做了一番檢視,俾作為台鐵民營化時的參考,於探討台鐵民營化相關課題時,先就其組織與人事、營運策略、財務狀況等三方面說明台鐵目前所面臨的經營困境,進而導入其民營化之課題,最後並說明改善經營困境之作法,以為其後之民營化鋪路。
本文所獲之主要結論如下:
一、 以不完整財產權的觀點,「民營化」與「私有化」是兩個不同的名詞,兩者間係本質上之差異,亦即以公營事業所有權的移轉與否為區分。
二、 改善公營事業的財務狀況應是民營化的目的之一,非其原因,公營事業的盈虧狀況無關乎是否將其移轉民營的問題。
三、 民營化後的日本國鐵並未達成改善原國鐵財務虧損之目的,其主要原因應為(一)舊有債務未歸零;(二)經營安定基金成效尚待斟酌;(三)私有化方式欠妥。
四、 台鐵應可考慮採車路分離之方式民營化,將所有權與經營權分開,並分為兩階段進行:第一階段為組織之調整及其公司化;第二階段為將鐵路公司之營運項目透過特許權授與之方式移交給民間經營,政府仍保有其所有權,由鐵路公司擁有經營權,各司所職,以明權責。
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 前言與背景…………………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………… 2
第三節 研究方法與限制……………………………………………………… 3
第四節 本文架構……………………………………………………………… 3
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………4
第三章 理論基礎……………………………………………………………… 8
第一節 民營化之意義………………………………………………………… 8
第二節 公營事業與民營化………………………………………………… 19
第三節 民營化之方式……………………………………………………… 25
第四節 公用事業與公營事業……………………………………………… 35
本章註釋……………………………………………………………………… 37
第四章 國外實例:日本國鐵之民營化…………………………………… 39
第一節 引言………………………………………………………………… 39
第二節 日本國鐵民營化之經過…………………………………………… 41
第三節 檢視日本國鐵之民營化…………………………………………… 50
本章註釋……………………………………………………………………… 59
第五章 實務檢討:台灣鐵路之民營化…………………………………… 61
第一節 台鐵經營現況分析………………………………………………… 62
第二節 台鐵民營化之主客觀優勢………………………………………… 99
第三節 台鐵的車路分離……………………………………………………106
第四節 台鐵經營困境之改進………………………………………………113
第五節 本章結語……………………………………………………………121
本章註釋………………………………………………………………………123
第六章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………126
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………… 129
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高科技產業之專利權評價分析與因應策略--以DVD產業為例 / Patent pricing for DVD technology賴恩裕, Lai, Eric Unknown Date (has links)
無形資產中的智慧財產權與其他財產一樣,都是使競爭性的市場經濟得以發揮機能的必要條件,因為使用智慧財產權而賺得的利潤,對發明人而言是其創新的報酬,而對於向別人購買權利的人而言,亦必須因此而付出相當代價。這利潤無形中激勵了原來從事研究發展的那一方,如此一來,創新者賺取較多利潤並能長期保持競爭優勢,會更鼓勵更多的人願意投入創新發明。
本研究企圖將智慧財產權視為一項企業資源,將其視為可以商品化交易的商品,而研究其中研發所投入的成本、所投入的代價,如何在市場的交易買賣中,獲得回饋與報酬,或是形成企業的核心資源,在對價格的認知提供企業思考的方向。
本研究另一主要目的在於探討智慧財產權中專利權,其主張專利範圍權限的核心--「申請專利範圍」(claim),述說其滿足要件、撰寫原則、侵權理論,將專利權中的申請專利範圍做全方位的分析,並說明在侵權損害認定上的優劣,提供企業在申請專利時應妥善思考的方向。
而在「專利計價模式」方面,除了整合世界各國的專利計價模式,並對專利計價模式與公司智慧財產權策略之關係,作更明確的剖析。
最後則以國內 DVD 光碟機產業為例,訪談國內企業在面對專利的評價時應有的認知與應採取的策略,並且訪問國內智慧財產保護頗有成就的公司輿相關領域專家,企圖對於企業在專利授權或是專利策略評估時,提供更明確的價格觀念,以免除其誤蹈專利地雷的窘境。
智慧財產權中,有關專利權在實務上,通常較為人注意的是法律層次的問題,而在專利權價值方面,一般文獻均歸類於會計層次,甚少將法律與評價問題作歸納整合。本研究企圖將兩者作更緊密的連結,並且歸納出有關的策略議題,期能對國內廠商在面對國外廠商索求專利權與公司內部專利權的價值評估時,有一較清楚的方向。 / Patent Pricing for DVD Technology In the business of high technology manufacturing and marketing, intellectual property is a company's lifeblood. As with any other assets, intellectual property assets must be carefully managed.
When it come to manage intellectual property assets, your company's main challenge will lie in skillfully navigating a minefield of existing or pending patents, both to produce goods that do'nt infringe on other companies' right and to vouchsafe rights that will secure your marketshare. Concern for those issues is especially important when your company seeks financing.
Inventors need assurance that their investment will not be endangered by infringement litigation or by poorly framed
intellectual property right that do not adequately stake out a share of the company's markets Intellectual property right (IPR) encourages the R&D, and protect their IPR by litigation.
In another way, the exhibition of IPR will light a way for another companies to avoid infrigement and can take more research in new product or process.
The research attempt to view IPR - especially patent, as industrial resources, and make it exchangeable just like merchandise. When patent is exchanged in industrial market, how to evaluate its price? How to determine the price? According to industry norm or R&D expense? Whether to sell it or keep it in company as core competence? The research will focus on another topic -- the patent "Claim", will estate the condition of patent, the principles of patent, the infringement theory. And research will identify this topic and give a clear way for company when considering IPR.
Thesis also integrates all the patent pricing models and list the relationship between pricing theory and IPR strategies.
It will use the tomorrow star industry - DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) industry as a example, because it is the way for Taiwan to approach the high technology and DVD will knock the heaven's door for next century. The paper outlines all the founded documents and visit the field expert and list all the patents for various technologies, take reaserch about the determination of price and give a clear direction for Taiwan DVD industry.
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財產保險保險金受領權人變動之研究─以火災保險為論述中心 / The Alternation of Property Insurance Payee李諭政, Eugenae Lee Unknown Date (has links)
本文以法律之角度去探討財產保險保險金受領權人變動,所牽涉之變動目
的、構成要件與效果之問題。論文概分為兩大部份,第一部份為討論因法
律規定所致之受領權人變動情形,下分為四小部份,而分別以買賣契約關
係、抵押權關係、保留所有權買賣契約關係以及讓與擔保關係,去審視我
國保險法第十八條與民法第八八一條規定之適用情況與妥當性。第二部份
則討論因當事人意思表示所致之變動情形,下亦分為四小部份,受益人指
定、抵押權條款、保險金債權之讓與擔保以及保險金債權之質權設定,
討論其成立要件與效果。 / This thesis research the alternation of property insurance
payee from law angle. Include two part. First, is alternation
by law, research the Insurance Law §18 and Civil Law §881 by
sale relation, mortgage relation, conditional sale relation,
and lien relation. Second, is alternation by contract, include
loss payee clause, mortgage clause, assign insurance proceeds
for lien, and lien of insurance proceeds.
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諾齊克政治哲學研究 / Political Philosophy of Robert Nozick沈中皓 Unknown Date (has links)
當代美國哲學家諾齊克(Robert Nozick, 1938-2002)於1974年出版了《《無政府、國家與烏托邦》(Anarchy, State, and Utopia)一書,全書從對個人道德權利的關注出發,論證了一個正當的國家必須建立在保障個人權利的基礎之上,而唯一能夠在道德上被證成的國家,乃是一種最低限度的國家(the minimal state)。本文旨在分析諾齊克於該書中對於個人權利、國家功能、價值選擇等等看法的適切性,並對其論證過程進行檢驗。
本論文主體共分為三個部分:第一個部分論述諾齊克對於個人權利的證成,包括以權利邊際限制的觀點來對康德的道德原則進行詮釋,以及個人權利體現於財產權而產生的賦予權利理論,特別是其根據洛克的但書所建立起來的財產獲取觀點,筆者提出了若干質疑;第二個部分則檢視了諾齊克所主張之最低限度國家如何在道德上得到證成,包括諾齊克對於無政府主義以及功能更多之國家理論的回應;第三個部分探討的是諾齊克所提出,以最低限度國家做為一種烏托邦架構的可行性,此種以國家價值中立論旨為核心的觀點,引發了關於公民認同的爭議,卻也展現了諾齊克對於個人權利至上性的關注。
身為承襲古典自由主義傳統的哲學家,諾齊克的政治哲學展現了對於個人權利的重視,同時也使得當代學界在探討其他議題的同時,不得不正視個人權利的概念。儘管諾齊克放任自由主義的立場實屬光譜之極端,然而對應到當今世界對於人權的普遍重視、以及市場經濟透過全球化所展現的活力,在在都顯示出諾齊克的觀點與當前時代的精神有著相當程度的吻合之處。
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智慧財產控股公司之研究 / On Intellectual Property Holding Company詹聰哲 Unknown Date (has links)
在知識經濟時代下,智慧財產作為企業乃至國家國家競爭力之根本,已成為定論。然而學界對於智慧財產之管理運用的研究,多集中於智慧財產本身之管理而鮮少觸及管理智慧財產之組織。管理智慧財產之組織可以內建於企業內部,也可以外置於企業外部,也就是智慧財產控股公司。藉由對智慧財產控股公司之組織架構進行研究,便可了解將智慧財產之所有權自原企業中分離,能為企業帶來何種管理上的效益,效益又有多大?智慧財產控股公司如何為企業帶來稅務上之效益,其所面臨之挑戰為何?
由於美國最早對於智慧財產控股公司所生之相關稅務問題進行規範,規範之內容也堪稱廣泛與細緻,故美國之稅制深具比較、對照、參考之價值。
此外,企業之稅賦除所得稅之外尚包括營業稅等稅目。但是本文就智慧財產控股公司相關稅賦問題之研究範圍,限於營利事業所得稅及所衍生之個人綜合所得稅。
在理清智慧財產控股公司之管理及稅務上效益後,本文便能為我國政府及企業提出建言,使政府能了解新型態的跨國企業智慧財產管理架構以確認合法節稅與違法的逃漏稅之界線,又能使我國企業得以藉由智慧財產控股公司架構來促進管理及稅務效益。 / In the knowledge economy era, intellectual properties, without doubt, are the foundation of competitiveness of enterprises and countries. However, studies regarding management of intellectual properties usually focus on intellectual properties themselves rather than the organizations managing intellectual properties. The managing organizations can be built in the enterprises or out of the enterprises, i.e., the intellectual property holding company (IPHC). By studying the organization structure of IPHCs, we can understand what and how huge the management benefits are to separate the ownership of intellectual properties from the enterprises, how IPHCs bring tax benefits for the enterprises, and what the challenges are in front of IPHCs.
Since the United States of America is the first one who stipulates the relating tax issues of IPHCs and is probably the broadest and the finest, the tax system of USA is of great value for comparison and reference. This thesis will thus explore the USA tax system.
In addition, beside income tax there are still other tax items such as business tax can be levied on enterprises. But this thesis only focuses on business income tax and thus derivated individual income tax.
After clarifying the management and tax benefits of IPHCs, this thesis then is able to advice Taiwan Government and enterprises so that the government can realize the new intellectual properties managing organization structure of multinational enterprises to differ legitimate tax saving from illegal tax evasion while the enterprises can obtain the management and tax benefits through the IPHC management structure.
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智慧資源規劃—以TFT LCD之背光模組產業為例 / Study on intelligence resources planning─a case of backlight module in the TFT LCD industry黃怡君, Huang, Yi Chun Unknown Date (has links)
台灣最早投入TFT LCD是在1991年。發展早期只有兩家小公司,且受困於日本的技術屏障以及經營規模,一直無法有大格局的突破。直到1998年起,由於經濟開始衰退,日本方才開始陸續釋出TFT LCD相關技術,以授權或技轉方式讓技術開始擴散,此時方有多家台灣廠商開始陸續投入TFT LCD這個行業。
經過多年的努力,政府也漸漸開始重視TFT LCD產業,並且在2003年提出「兩兆雙星」五年國家經濟發展計畫,提供各種資源,全力扶植IC與TFT LCD兩項產業,其中TFT LCD被看好是台灣下一個產值破兆的產業,繼晶元代工之後下一個延續國家科技命脈的蓬勃生機。
從早期多數人連什麼是LCD都沒聽過,迄今八年時間,台灣LCD產業已經蓬勃發展,不僅擁有多家世界級大廠,亦成為全球平面顯示器重鎮。2007年也是台灣TFT LCD面板廠自成立以來最賺錢的一年,台灣整體平面顯示器產值首次超越韓國,整體產值並首度破兆,達到1兆2,849億台幣,其中台灣TFT LCD的產值就佔1兆2,149億台幣,佔全球TFT LCD總產值的44.5%。截至2007年為止,台灣本土TFT LCD上下游產業相關廠商共超過九十家,貢獻台灣GDP超過13%。
本文希望以TFT LCD上游材料行業背光模組為例,進行智慧財產與產業調查之工作,試著審視台灣TFT LCD關鍵零組件「背光模組」主要參與者之專利,藉由連結傳統專利分析與產業分析,從中找到能結合產業事實、專利品質和重要性的研究方法與結果,期能為台灣的背光模組行業,甚至是廣義的TFT LCD零組件行業提出一點意見與貢獻。 / Taiwan first engaged in TFT LCD industry in 1991. Only two small companies involved in the early stage; because of technical barriers established by Japan and insufficient economic scale of operation, there had been no breakthrough. Until 1998, the recession began, so that Japanese began to release the TFT LCD-related technologies by licensing or technology transfer, and resulting in the spread of technology. At this stage there are several Taiwanese manufacturers began to actively engage in TFT LCD industry.
After years of efforts, the government has gradually begun to pay attention to TFT LCD industry. In 2003 the government put forward the "Two Trillion, Twin Stars" five-year national economic development plan, said plan provides resources to fully support both IC and TFT LCD industry, wherein TFT LCD is deemed next trillion industry, like Foundry, and may continue the lifeline of national science and technology.
In the beginning, most people never heard of LCD. After eight years, Taiwan's LCD industry has flourished, not only has a number of world-class factories, but also has become a global center for flat panel displays. 2007 is also the most profitable year for Taiwan TFT LCD panel makers since their establishment. Taiwan's overall output value of flat panel displays exceed Korea for the first time; the overall revenue is about one trillion 2,849 billion Taiwan dollars, wherein Taiwan's TFT LCD accounted for 1 trillion 2,149 million Taiwan dollars, which also accounts for 44.5% share of the global TFT LCD output value. As of 2007, there are over 90 Taiwan companies related to TFT LCD industries, said companies contribute over 13% of GDP in Taiwan.
This author wishes to take TFT LCD backlight industry as an example, performing investigation of intellectual property and industrial work, and try to examine the key patents of key players in the industry. The author looks forward to finding a new way to combine traditional patent analysis and industry analysis method, and make some contribution to the industry.
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由訴訟模式探討智慧財產研發公司專利運用 —以記憶體產業Rambus、Tessera公司為例 / Research on the operation of patents of intellectual property development companies from the litigation pattern --Case study on Rambus & Tessera in DRAM industry朱仙莉, Chu ,Hsien Li Unknown Date (has links)
人類經濟活動重心之變革推動著產業競爭的樣貌,於二十一世紀的今日,知識已成為經濟活動中最主要之價值驅力,與之相應的,產業中智慧財產層面的競爭也逐漸受到重視,發展至今,智慧財產已深入產業鏈且細化為各種以智慧財產運用為中心以創造獲利之企業。
半導體產業於台灣經濟發展之推進中佔有關鍵性之地位,隨著台灣廠商在全球產業鏈中扮演的角色重要性與日俱增,難以避免必須因應半導體產業中由智慧財產所造就的新興商業模式,其中,智慧財產研發公司拋棄舊有以生產製造為主之商業模式,開創以知識為本的競爭場域,並挾其智慧財產進行全球化的授權以及訴訟,扮演著遊戲規則的創造者,尤其記憶體產業之兩大智慧財產研發公司Rambus Inc.以及Tessera Technology Inc.,自2000年起不斷於全球提起專利訴訟,對整體產業乃至於台灣廠商帶來無法忽視之影響。
本研究試圖建立分析智慧財產研發公司之架構,亦即由該等公司之策略演進出發,宏觀的了解其於變動的競爭環境中如何發揮企業優勢;其次,以公司策略定位為基礎,進一步推動資源投入之分配,並形塑商業模式的產生;最後,本研究萃取智慧財產研發公司商業模式中較具特色且影響廣泛之訴訟階段,藉由記憶體產業中之個案分析比較之方式進行深入之實證研究,以管窺該等公司之專利運用模式,期能透過提升對於智慧財產研發公司策略定位、商業模式以及訴訟模式之了解,活化企業智慧財產之管理,並提供台灣廠商面對專利授權與訴訟時因應之基礎。 / The revolution of economic activities of human beings has been the force behind the changing format of competition among industries. In the contemporary 21st century, knowledge has become one of the most valuable forces in economic activities; correspondently, the competition strategy of intellectual property also seized much attention. As of today, intellectual property has already been integrated in each and every industry chains and developed into various enterprises which earn profits by operating it.
Semi-conductor industry played an important role in the process of Taiwan’s economic development. As Taiwanese companies claim more crucial roles in the global industry chain, they are inevitably forced to deal with the new business model established by the creation of intellectual properties. Among them, intellectual property development companies have withdrawn from old business model of production and manufacturing and create a new competition field on the basis of intellectually properties. Intellectual property development companies engage in global wide license and litigation, acting as the rule-maker within the new frame of competition. Rambus Inc. and Tessera Technology Inc. are the two leading intellectual property development companies which brought lawsuits internationally since 2000, creating serious impacts on both the entire industry and Taiwanese companies.
This research aims to establish an analytical framework to observe intellectually property development companies, starting from the progress of strategy, try to understand how to exercise their advantages in the ever-changing competitive business world; furthermore, based on business strategies, this research look further into the distribution of resources and the creation of business models; lastly, this research closely examines the litigation phase of the business model of intellectual property development companies by comparative case studies, in order to conclude the operation pattern of patents of such companies. With further exploration on the strategic positioning, business model and litigation pattern of intellectual property development companies, this research provides not only a deeper understanding on the management of IPRs but also a framework for Taiwanese companies to cope with patent licenses and litigations.
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日本植物智財保護暨商品化法制與政策之研究 / A study on the legislation and policy of protection and commercialization of plant intellectual property right in Japan鄭惟駿, Cheng, Wei Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
台灣早期係以農業為主的社會,加上位處亞熱帶,植物品種豐富,生長期長,稻作可一年三穫。又二十世紀初,台灣處於日治時期,製糖、樟腦、茶葉、稻米進入工業化生產時代,技術持續進步,產量也逐漸上升,奠定生產優良農產品的實力。另外一方面,台灣的花卉業也不容忽視,蝴蝶蘭的育種具有世界水準,而台灣與外界隔絕之海島地形,加上地處亞熱帶,具有豐富且特殊的生物基因資源,以上因素皆奠定台灣發展農業科技之基礎。
1980年代起,生物技術日益發達,基因轉殖或是基因改造的方法逐漸與傳統嫁接、配種等植物育種方法並行,隨著國際化的腳步、經濟的發展,農業技術的進步,植物新品種的培育愈來愈容易進行,且新品種樣態也愈來愈繁多。但另一方面,植物的流通日益複雜,熟悉育種技術者可由新品種植物種子、枝條、葉片等便於攜帶部位輕易繁殖,導致辛苦育成新品種的育種者心血結晶易被他人盜用,使育種人逐漸失去創造新品種之動力。為解決此問題,國際間有以植物新品種保護國際聯盟(UPOV)及與貿易相關之智慧財產權協定(TRIPS)規範之植物品種權及專利權制度保護育種者之智慧財產權,我國目前亦有植物品種及種苗法保護植物品種權,專利法則正在修法開放植物為專利標的。
然而,除了法律制度健全外,還需要有效的執行政策確保能實際達到立法目的,以植物相關智慧財產權法為例,需讓育種者了解自己有哪些權利、申請方式及行使方式,再遇到侵權事件時,能第一時間防止侵害、順利主張權利、請求賠償及去除侵害。再者,確保權利得以主張後,如何將此權利產業化、商品化以換取利益亦為重要課題。完成上述一連串政策後,才能順利達到提升產業、讓社會大眾享受到科技成果之目的。
由於農產品不同於電子或醫藥產業之產品可全球通行,依據不同地區有不同的主食及盛行作物,美國、中國、日本及歐洲等農村結構、農業技術、氣候及產品等亦大不相同,故國際間對於農業或植物相關智慧財產權之保護及商品化政策都因地制宜,不盡相同。
台灣的近鄰 --- 日本,有著與台灣類似的農村結構、飲食習慣及盛行作物,同時植物智財保護政策也對其高產值的精緻農業有所貢獻,例如日本特有的獨立行政法人植物種苗管理中心以及品種保護對策官(G-Men)制度,在行政上發揮有效的智慧財產管理作用。同時日本善用其地方文化結合農產品發展出地方特產、一村一特產等,提升國內外觀光潛力,使遊客聽到北海道即聯想到「夕張哈密瓜」、聽到京都即聯想到「宇治抹茶」,松坂市有「松阪牛」、青森有「青森蘋果」等等,以地名行銷農畜產品之方式相當成功。
綜上所述,本研究認為台灣在發展農業技術上之潛力不亞於日本,並期待「台灣」一詞有朝一日能在國際上代表「品質優良的農產品、水果、花卉及先進的農業技術」,使台灣之農產業能成為繼電子產業後另一項能在國際間發光之產業,故本研究以日本為研究對象,以植物相關智慧財產權政策之角度分析其精緻農業成功因素,並針對台灣之特色,提出因地制宜之政策變革方向。
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智慧財產民事案件之證據保全與秘密保護-以秘密保持命令為中心 / 無陳增懿 Unknown Date (has links)
民事訴訟法新修正後,新增了確定事、物現狀類型之證據保全,使當事人得利用法院調查蒐集之事證資料,以了解事實或物體之現狀。而為配合智慧財產案件其事證極易隱匿之性質,智慧財產案件審理法第18條第4項規定賦予證據保全制度直接強制力之效果,使證據保全成為智慧財產案件訴訟中具有直接強制力之蒐證手段。惟於智慧財產案件中,尤其是專利侵權案件,兩造多具有商業上之強烈競爭關係,且產品之競爭週期短暫,有可能產生一方當事人以證據保全之名義,實則卻係欲窺探對方商業或技術上營業秘密之行為,因此對於智慧財產證據保全案件之秘密保護即有其必要。而因美國和日本法制均設有秘密保持命令之制度,且為緩和秘密保護與訴訟審理主義間之衝突,故智慧財產案件審理法乃參照日本法之制度,引進秘密保持命令制度。依照目前我國智慧財產案件審理法第11至第15條之規定,秘密保持命令制度可能有以下若干值得討論之問題:秘密保持命令於證據保全程序之應用、法院對於秘密保持命令之審理於裁判、受秘密保持命令拘束之主體範圍以及違反秘密保持命令之刑事責任等,本論文即擬基於前開問題對於秘密保持命令制度進行介紹和提出未來展望。
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藝術經紀授權之鑑價分析 / Valuation analysis for the art agency licensing business林秀璐 Unknown Date (has links)
自英國於1997年首度提出創意產業,讓創意的附加價值藉由無形或文化性的特質融入到產品與服務創新中,文創產業已然是後知識經濟時代的指標;基於台灣文創環境的無形資產鑑價制度尚處於建構期,整體機制尚不成熟,因此相關企業在面對成長躍進中常因資金受限,也間接影響了整體產業發展,而此種現象尤以藝術經紀授權產業為甚。
「無形資產」是藝術經紀授權產業營運模式的核心。而國內對於如何將無形資產轉換為有形之概念性商品,而且又能使商品成本與企業價值被量化之議題的論述探究甚少,因此本研究將以藝術經紀授權產業為主體架構去進行鑑價模型之分析,冀望為文創產業注入更大的延展空間。
本研究整理現今無形資產、智慧資本、智慧財產之相關鑑價理論與方法流程,並就藝術經紀授權產業現況進行質化的分析,並冀望從理論出發含概實務觀點的去建構適合此產業的鑑價機制,並挑選P個案公司去驗證本研究所提出運作模型,以實現其價值轉化過程。
本研究結果可以幫助文創產業中之無形資產鑑價分析較為貼近產業之真實面貌,亦可讓文創產業經營者引為借鏡,以期盼提升台灣整體文創產業的競爭力。最重要的是藉由檢視相關產業的發展歷程,本文獻進而讓政府在制定相關產業政策時,更能以全方位的角度衡量產業政策,降低產業投入者資金進入門檻,讓更多的創投基金及金融機構投入,以促進產業發展與提升產業競爭力。 / Since the introduction of creative industry in Great Britain in 1997, which allowed the merge of value-added creativity into product and service innovations via intangible or cultural features, cultural creative industry has apparently become the index of the post-information economy. However, the intangible asset valuation system in the cultural creative industry in Taiwan is still under construction, yet immature, and the lack of capital inflow is usually the key restriction to the development and progress for many relevant enterprises, which in turn influenced the development of the entire industry; such phenomena is especially apparent in the industry of art 、agency、 licensing.
“Intangible asset” lies at the core of the operation of art 、agency、and licensing industry. But there is not enough discourse analysis domestically on issues regarding how to turn intangible asset into conceptually tangible products or to further quantify the product cost and enterprise values, therefore, this study conducts analyses of valuation model based on the scaffolding of the art 、agency、 and licensing industry, hoping to introduce greater room for expansion in the cultural creative industry.
The study has compiled valuation theories, methodologies and procedures regarding intangible asset, intellectual asset, and intellectual property, conducted qualitative analysis on the current status of art agency、 licensing with the expectation to develop a valuation mechanism suitable for this industry based on the theories and practical aspects, selecting company P as example to verify the operation model proposed in the study and to realize the process of value transformation.
The study aims to help bring the valuation analysis of intangible asset in the cultural creative industry closer to the reality, and also serve as a reflection for operators of the cultural creative industry with the expectation of promoting the overall competitiveness of the cultural creative industry in Taiwan. Most importantly, by inspecting the process of development in related industries, this study may in turn provide an all-rounded evaluation for the government when drafting relevant policies of the industry to lower the investment threshold, allow the introduction of more venture capitals and financial institutions, and facilitate the development of the industry and improve competitiveness.
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