Denna utforskande vetenskapliga essä vill fördjupa och begreppsliggöra ett praktiskt kunnande för en psykoterapeut utifrån en berättelse från en arbetsdag i dennes profession. Ett inledande citat av nobelpristagare Olga Tokarczuk: ”Känsligheten som den allra blygsammaste formen av kärlek (…)”, blir essäns avstamp som sedan följs och vars betydelse vävs samman med berättelsen. En överordnande undran vid essäns avfärd är vad begreppet känslighet, uppmärksamhet och kärlek har för betydelse för psykoterapeuten i sin profession. Olika filosofers, författares och poeters texter och berättelsen väver i essän fram det praktiska kunnandet, omdömet och kraften i att vara den som finns för en annan som lider och samtidigt finnas för sitt eget lidande. Det betyder att den egna sårbarheten avtäcks hos den profession som är på plats i sitt arbete för att ta del av en annan människas tillvaro och verklighet men även förnimma och hantera det som inte berättas eller verbaliseras. Essän begreppsliggör känsligheten uppmärksamheten och kärleken genom att söka och finna deras ursprung i antikens filosofi och idéerna om kärlek och kunskap. Därifrån går undersökandet till kärlek som en moralfilosofisk ide. Ur det arbetet förs tankar och de olika filosofernas funderingar in och prövar begreppet kärlek som ett praktiskt kunnande i psykoterapi. Att kärlek till klienter och kärlek till sig själv, möjligen är en praktisk kunskap. / This exploratory scientific essay aims to deepen and conceptualize a practical knowledge for a psychotherapist based on a story from a working day in her profession. An introductory quote by Nobel Laureate Olga Tokarczuk “Sensitivity as the most modest form of love (…)”, becomes the springboard of the essay which is then followed and whose meaning is woven together with the story. An overarching wonder at the essay’s departure is what the concept of sensitivity, attention and love has for the psychotherapist in her profession. Essentially, the texts of various philosophers, writers and poets and the story weave the practical knowledge, discernment and power of being the one who exists for another who suffers and at the same time exists for her own suffering. This means that one's own vulnerability is uncovered by the profession that is present in its work to take part of another person's existence and reality, but also to perceive and deal with what is not told or verbalized. The essay conceptualizes sensitivity to attention and love by seeking and finding their origin in ancient philosophy and the ideas of love and knowledge. From there, the study goes to love as a moral-philosophical idea. From that work, thoughts and the philosophers' ideas are brought in and tested for the concept of love as a practical knowledge in psychotherapy. That love for clients and love for themselves, possibly is a practical knowledge

Title: The temporality of love – A study about the definition of love over time in love novels Subject: Sociology Authors: Penny Salomonsson The purpose of this study is to form an understanding regarding what love is in love novels from different periods, from the beginning of 1800s to the present, 2020. Previous studies have shown that the definition of love has gone from being about the couple to being about the individual. What love is has therefore become uncertain, which has led to discussion. The study of this topic is therefore of great relevance because it can show what love has been and what it is or at least what we want it to be, and that can say something about our society. This study is based on a qualitative research method. The method is conceptual history – the study of concepts which is an approach in text analysis. Ten love novels were included in the study, some of them are classic love novels because it probably gave a more credible picture of what love was during the chosen time periods. The theoretical perspective that the collected data is analysed through is Anthony Giddens theories about passionate love, romantic love and the pure relationship. Eva Illouz analytical tool “the great transformation of love” are also used. The result of this study shows that all periods during the chosen time period defines love based on romantic love in some sense. Romantic love therefore does not dominate the definition of love of all the different time periods, however, it does exist. Moreover, the study result also shows that characteristics is important for the definition of love and that reflection and development also has important place in the definition of love.

The aim of this essay is to examine the symbolism of six thematically important colours in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and how they are connected to the characters, plot, and themes. I will demonstrate the significance of colour by making an analysis of the meaning, pattern, and change of the six colours. Utilizing colour symbolism in literature is a method that illustrates and narrates information beyond the literal sense. Colour consists of multiple meanings and has the quality of being ambiguous. The juxtaposition in colour and its symbolism reflects the ever-changing and multifaceted stages in life. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka symboliken i sex tematiskt viktiga färger i F. Scott Fitzgeralds Den Store Gatsby och hur de är kopplade till karaktärerna, handlingen, och teman. Jag kommer att visa färgens betydelse genom att göra en analys av syftet, mönstret, och förändringen i dessa sex färger. Att utnyttja färgsymbolik i litteratur är en metod som målar och berättar information bortom den bokstavliga meningen. Färg består av flera konnotationer och har egenskapen att vara tvetydig. Juxtapositionen i färg och dess symbolik speglar de ständigt föränderliga och mångfacetterade stadierna i livet.

The objective of this study is to examine the perspectives and preferred actions by managers at elderly care home facilities regarding ethical dilemmas that may emerge when elderly people fall in love. Previous research is mainly focused on ageism and the sex-life of elderly people at care homes. Less attention is paid to their love-life and the view of the managers is often overlooked. Researchers tend to interview and observe the staff, such as nurses and assistant nurses, rather than the managers. In order to provide information to reduce this knowledge gap, this study is based on interviews with managers at elderly care homes in Sweden using the vignette-method.The analysis of this study is based on ethical theory, which is divided into two main orientations called duty-based ethics and consequentialist ethics. Ethical theory is used as a tool for analyzing the data in order to discover which ethical orientation the managers prefer to base their arguments on. The conclusion of this study shows that neither duty-based ethics, nor consequentialist ethics is more often used than the other. The managers motivate their arguments and actions on both ethical orientations without being solely reliant on neither one. Furthermore, the conclusions of this study state that the managers value autonomy and the well-being of the elderly as well as their spouses. However, they all pointed out that ethical dilemmas derived from love in elderly care homes are complex to deal with and more knowledge is needed.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka hur pubertet, sexualitet, kärlek och relat- ioner framställs i text och bild i läroböcker för biologi utifrån normer. För studien analyseras sex olika läroböcker, tryckta och digitala, i ämnet biologi för årskurs 4–6. Den insamlade data analyseras genom en normkritisk diskursanalys utifrån queerteoretiskt och normkritiskt per- spektiv. Studiens resultat visar att alla sex läroböcker synliggör normer gällande sexualitet, pubertet, kärlek och relationer. Vidare framkommer att tillämpningen av språket har stor betydelse för vilka normer som synliggörs samt vem eller vilka som får framträda. Heteronormen är åter- kommande och den norm som tydligast kan uttydas i läroböckerna. Normerna som synliggörs framträder främst genom språkliga antaganden. I analysen framkommer vidare att pubertet re- lateras till människans reproduktion och sexualitet och att den representation som finns av sex utgår från heteronormativt perspektiv.

Valet att skriva poesi kändes som det rätta för att återge en sjuttonårig process. Ett avslut på en dramatisk relation och hur jag skulle sätta ord på upplevelsen, för att skapa en kontext av min historia, utan att bli alltför värderande. Med respekt ville jag återge min upplevelse, både det fula och det fina utifrån alla synvinklar. En frigörelse från starka emotionella band, som förändrat mig grundligt, och förhoppningsvis till det bättre. Med denna diktsamling skulle jag lämna min historia bakom mig och släppa taget om den barkbåten och fortsätta min stig i livet utan att se tillbaka med förebråelse mot mig själv. På ett sätt är det en kärlekssaga till mig själv och den resa jag har gjort, liksom många andra jämte mig som har lämnat en destruktiv kärleksrelation.

This interview study investigates people's experiences and interactions online to give more nuance to the context of modern relationships, and what the perception of digitized relationships could mean. The study investigates digitized relationships in terms of friendship, love, intimacy, and social media. With these in focus, I discuss broadly the interviewees’ experiences of friendship, intimacy, and love within the use of social media and online dating. Firstly, how the use of it can cause difficulties and impact their perception of themselves and at relationships. Secondly, how this in turn creates meaningful and lasting relationships.  In this study, I had two focus groups that I referred to as gamers and socials, the first group included five who identified as men and the second group included four that identified as women. From the age of 23 to 35 and originates from different parts of Europe. After the interview, four themes were developed: The use of digitization and social media, friendship, love relationships and online and offline. / Denna intervjustudie undersöker människors erfarenheter och interaktioner online för att ge nyans till sammanhanget för moderna relationer och vad uppfattningen om digitaliserade relationer kan betyda. Studien undersöker digitaliserade relationer i termer av vänskap, kärlek, intimitet och sociala medier. Med dessa i fokus diskuterar jag brett intervjupersonernas erfarenheter av vänskap, intimitet och kärlek inom användningen av sociala medier och online-dating. För det första hur användningen av det kan orsaka svårigheter och påverka deras uppfattning om sig själva och på relationer. För det andra hur detta i sin tur skapar meningsfulla och varaktiga relationer. I den här studien hade jag två fokusgrupper som jag döpt till spelare och sociala, den första gruppen inkluderade fem som identifierade sig som män och den andra gruppen inkluderade fyra som identifierade sig som kvinnor. Från 23 till 35 års ålder och kommer från olika delar av Europa. Efter intervjun utvecklades fyra teman: Användning av digitalisering och sociala medier, vänskap, kärleksrelationer och online och offline.

This is an essay about love and gender representation in Håkan Hellström’s and Veronica Maggio’s lyrics. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how lyrics of indie-pop music represent gender, sexuality and love. The lyrics used is from love songs performed by Håkan Hellström and Veronica Maggio. The method for examining the lyrics of the love songs is discourse- theory and analysis. I analyzed the results using theories about performativity, heteronormativity and masculine hegemonyic masculinity. I found patterns which indicate that love songs in indie-pop music often represents an ideal relationship to be heteronomy, meaning a heterosexual and monogamous relationship between a man and a woman. Although, there were differences between how a masculinity was built; Hellström’s discourse built a masculinity that was fragile and vulnerable, but still loving and showing a lot of emotions. Maggios discourse built a masculinity that were more or less mirroring the society’s view of how a “man” is supposed to be. Also, the view of femininity differed from the two artists: Hellström’s discourse built a femininity of strong and controlling women, and Maggio’s built a more fragile and normative discourse about femininity. Another theme that was discovered was of all the disappointment that was found in love. Indie-pop’s love is always built around disappointment in the relationship – that you will always be disappointed either by yourself or by your partner.

Forskning har visat på samband mellan mående och anknytningsstil efter avslutade kärleksrelationer. Personer som upplevt en avslutad kärleksrelation (N= 158) besvarade Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Attachment Style Questionnaire samt bakgrundsfrågor om den avslutade relationen. Respondenterna skattade signifikant högre på Ångest än normgruppen, och samtidigt signifikant högre på Distans, Sakorientering och Relationsfixering. I jämförelse med tryggt anknutna i studien skattade respondenter med undvikande och ambivalent anknytningsstil signifikant högre på Ångest. Respondenter med ambivalent anknytningsstil skattade även högre på Depression. Distans, Tillit, Bifallsbehov, Relationsfixering, vem som valt att avsluta relationen samt hur en respondent uppfattat relationen associerade signifikant till mående efter en avslutad kärleksrelation. Att undersöka ovan nämnda faktorer samt hur normer påverkar personers livssituation, kan ge värdefull information om vilken behandling personer med relationsproblematik kan bli hjälpt av. Compassion Focused Therapy kan vara en lämplig terapimetod för att öka förståelse för förväntningar kring relationer samt för anknytningens betydelse. / Research has shown a connection between mood and attachment style after the ending of romantic relationships. People who had experienced the end of a romantic relationship (N = 158) answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Attachment Style Questionnaire and questions about the terminated relationship. Respondents rated significantly higher on Anxiety than the norm group, and simultaneously significantly higher on Discomfort with relationship, Relationship as secondary and Preoccupation with relationship. In comparison to respondents with secure style of attachment, respondents with avoidant or ambivalent style of attachment rated significantly higher on Anxiety. Respondents with ambivalent attachment simultaneously rated higher on Depression. Discomfort with relationship, Confidence in self and others, Need for approval, Preoccupation with relationship, who decided to end the relationship and how the respondent felt about the relationship turned out to be significantly related to mood, following the ending of a romantic relationship. To investigate the factors mentioned above and how values affect the client's life situation, may provide valuable information about which treatment clients with relationship problems may be helped by. Compassion Focused Therapy may be an appropriate method to increase understanding of the expectations about relationships as well as the influence of attachment.

The poet Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht (1718–63) wrote extensively on the subject of love. Often, her texts discuss love in relation to Enlightenment subjects, such as female emancipation and education. Her works bear traces of so-called précieuse ideas – an adjective sometimes used to pack together learned French aristocratic women who frequented the Parisian salons in the mid seventeenth century. The précieuses have become famous for their original and radical thoughts on the role of women. This thesis examines the view of love expressed in a selection of pastorals, fairy tales and lyric poems by Nordenflycht, bringing the précieuse protofeminist heritage into focus. Nordenflycht was an extremely assured debater who, throughout her life, consistently advocated practically the same ideological messages. Her advocacy of female emancipation runs through nearly all her texts in some form and is, as this thesis demonstrates, apparent even in her pastorals, fairy tales and lyric poems. In this respect, she bridges differences of genre. Nordenflycht used the realm of fiction to create and promote an alternative to the traditional amorous attachments: tender, equal and spiritual friendships, inspired by Madeleine de Scudéry’s amitié tendre. She portrayed ideal love as a relationship between two free souls, helping each other reach true wisdom. Interestingly, this emphasis on ethereal affection seems to have led to the complete exclusion of sexuality from her writings. Furthermore, by depicting love as path to individual self-realisation, Nordenflycht heralded romantic love. This thesis provides a comprehensive picture of Nordenflycht’s philosophy of love and the way it relates to early modern protofeminist ideas.