在毛澤東的極權主義政權之下，中共的中央與地方關係經過不斷地改變過程。不過，雖然經過「大躍進」和「文化大革命」時期的權力下放和中間的收權，中共的中央與地放一直屬於上傳下達的隸屬關係。到鄧小平時代，中共推動經濟改革政策，為了成功地實行經濟改革，在多方面採取權力下放的措施。其中最重要的措施是「放權讓利」的財政體制改革和計劃體制改革。其結果，在很多方面獲得成功，且給地方很大的自主性。不過也有負面的現象，而且這些現象成為阻礙經濟改革的主要素。其中明現的現象是「地方保護主義」、「諸侯經濟」等的現象。地方保護主義是指從狹隘的局部利益出發，採取不合理的干預手段和措施，人為地製造障礙、限制、封鎖區際間相互貿易，割裂區際間資源技術、市場等的經濟聯繫。地方保護主義對中央與地方關係的影響深大。地方的自主性擴大導致地方主義之抬頭，影響到中央宏觀調控能力之弱化。因此中共中央採取整頓措施，不過這些整頓措施反而阻礙經濟改革的速度，而且遭到地方的抵制與反抗。中共十四大以後提出「社會主義市場經濟」的概念，加強經濟改革的速度，中央與地方關係也隨著待重構。

本文從產業組織的觀點出發，強調廠商間之策略性互動、貿易政策及成本結構對產業內貿易、開放程度及貿易不均衡比例的影響。研究方法上，主要以Brander & Krugman(1983)、Dei(1990)與翁永和(1994)的模型，作為實證之理論基礎，並以1991年台灣與世界各國製造業的產業內貿易、開放程度及貿易不均衡比例為本文的研究對象。 　　實證結果顯示：(1)產業內貿易（G-L指數）：關稅障礙提高，明顯地使產業內貿易下降。而產業集中度及研發比例對產業內貿易都有顯著的正向關係。其他變數則多不顯著。(2)開放程度（進出口總值佔國內總需求的比例）：關稅障礙提高，對開放程度有顯著正向關係。廠商家數、產品異質性及資本密集度別對開放程度有顯著的負向關係。其他變數則多不顯著。(3)貿易不均衡（淨出口值佔國內總需求的比例）：對順差的產業而言，只有關稅障礙和廠商家數對其順差比例具解釋能力，表示關稅上升或廠商數減少會增加產業之順差比例。對逆差的產業而言，相對市場大小、關稅障礙及廠商家數對逆差比率具解釋能力，表示當外國相對本國市場擴大、關稅調降及廠商家數減少，會加深其貿易赤字。而對整體製造業來說，則相對外國市場擴大、成本競爭力下降及關稅障礙上升，會減少產業內貿易盈餘比例、增加貿易赤字比例。

多媒體編輯工具(Authoring Tools)是一種整合各式多媒體元件於一體，並賦於多媒體節目分枝(branching)、循環(looping)、等瀏覽路徑(navagational path)，進而使得其具有真正的交談性功能之工具。然而現今多媒體編輯工具在必須取用大量資料時，卻往往缺乏與資料庫系統做有效的連結。本研究的目的便在於探討多媒體編輯工具與資料庫連結介面之課題，就不同特性之多媒體編輯工具的功能特性與資料庫連結介面的查詢能力加以探討，並開發一雛形系統以驗證其與資料庫連結之查詢介面與資料擷取之功能，最後並就連結架構與多媒體編輯工具的特性作一比較。 　　在本研究中選定Microsoft所提出的開放性資料庫連結(ODBC: Open Data Connectivity)為連結架構，並以時間軸介面式(Time1ine-based)的Director 4.0 for Windows作為製作雛形系統的多媒體編輯工具，利用Windows環境的ODBC驅動程式透過SQL指令存取Foxpro資料庫中的資料，就查詢介面之設計方式加以探討，並經由實做的過程瞭解以ODBC架構連結資料庫方式的優缺點與可能發生之問題。 　　根據雛形系統的實做過程，ODBC確實能提供一個開放式的共同應用程式介面，在載入不同的資料庫驅動程式後，藉著傳入的SQL命令及相關參數使多媒體編輯工具達到擷取資料庫資源的目的，然而ODBC本身與多媒體編輯系統的結合也需考量執行速度與網路資料等諸多問題；另一方面，隨著多媒體編輯工具功能上的差異，對於設計其與資料庫的交談式連結介面也會產生相當的影響。

「討論」對參與者在擴展知識面、增強理解力和判斷力各方面均能產生積極的作用；然而實務工作者發展出許多的討論操作策略，卻少有理論解釋的說明。更要緊的是，一旦「規定了討論就是對話」能否觸及教育場域中討論的實質經驗問題。準此，本論文研究目的為：（一）理解討論教學與教育實踐智慧的相關論述；（二）探索教育場域中討論的實質「經驗」問題；（三）闡釋教育場域中討論經驗的教育實踐意涵；（四）回應討論作為教育場域中實踐智慧開展的可能性；（五）援引理論向度提供實務操作之前瞻性。 本研究以現象學方法進行訪談與提取主題，首先給予討論經驗的一般性描述，再就主題的相關理論基礎進行論述呈現。後於探究教育場域中討論經驗所涉及的開放性、責任與對話三項主題而有以下六項發現：一、開放性具有「即興」的特質；二、討論場域中的成員透過說話構作現實性；三、討論場域中意義的「開放性」之所緣；四、討論場域中關於「責任」的“被看”與“看”；五、「遊戲概念」提供教育場域中的討論現象一種操作上的理論說明；六、釐清討論經驗的開放性、責任與對話三者的關係。 本研究結論包括：一、「有用性」的「無對象性」，需要實踐智之決斷；二、開放性、責任、對話三者需要實踐智之調和；三、討論的經驗是「朝向不確定的預先投身」或「朝向自身的可能性而投企」；四、對於討論場域中常見的「啞然、霎時無法回應」現象給出的一種解釋；五、討論作為教育實踐智慧的具體操作典型。最後研究建議則為：一、加入「語言-身體性」議題之綜合討論，作為後續研究之引線；二、進一步探究開放性、責任、對話三者在時間結構上的實踐意涵，或許可茲回應黑爾德指出實踐智所具有之實踐導向、反思判斷力及其來自「時間偶然性」與「互為主體性」兩項根本難題，給予一種參考路徑。本研究預期貢獻則著眼於闡述討論適可作為教育實踐智慧的具體操作典型，援引理論向度以提供討論實務操作之可能性、前瞻性。 / Having a discussion can play an active role in expanding the knowledge of participants and enhancing their understanding and judgment. However, many discussion-operating strategies have been developed yet a few theoretical interpretations have been made. What is more, whether the essential experience problems discussed in education field can be involved once “discussion is dialogue” is prescribed? Therefore, this study aims to: (I) understand and discuss the arguments relevant to teaching and educational Phrόnesis[practical wisdom]; (II) probe into essential experience problems discussed in the educational field; (III) interpret the implications of discussing educational practices to the educational field; (IV) respond to the possibility of considering “discussion” as a factor in the development of Phrόnesis in the educational field; (V) refer to the theory of dimension in providing insights for practical application. This study forms a discussion and summarizes the theme using the Phenomenological Method. First, it gives a general description of the discussion and proceeds to discuss and present the relevant theoretical basis for the theme. Later, it probes into three themes related to the discussion in the educational field; namely, openness, responsibility, and dialogue. The results summarized in six points are as follows: I. Openness implies “improvisation”; II. Participants in the discussion create reality through dialogue; III. The aspect of openness in a discussion; IV. To Discuss “being seen” and “seeing” in the concept of “responsibility”; V. The “play concept” provides a theoretical interpretation of the discussion in the educational field; VI. The need to clarify the relationship of openness, responsibility and dialogue in a discussion. The conclusions of the study are: I. “No-object nature” of “the availability” requires judgment and decision based on Phrόnesis; II. Openness, responsibility and dialogue demand the need for Phrόnesis; III. The discussion of experience is “the pre-projection towards unsure direction”, or “dedication into resoluteness towards the self-feasibility”; IV. An interpretation of the “inanity of immediate response” comes up frequently in the discussion; V. A discussion is perceived as a typical concrete model for educational Phrόnesis. Finally, this study recommends the following: I. Participate in a comprehensive discussion of “language-body”, as a basis for future research; II. Continue to explore the practical implications of openness, responsibility and dialogue to time structure, or promise to respond K. Held on his words that Phrόnesis has practical direction and reflective judgment, and respond to two difficult problems from “time contingency” and “inter-subjectivity”, to give a reference or approach. This study aims to contribute to the idea of “discussion” as a suitable and typical concrete model for educational Phrόnesis. It also refers to the theory of dimension to provide the feasibility and for practical application.

臺北市多目標地籍圖系統可提供查尋定位功能，惟並無分析、統計等一般地理資訊系統(GIS)具有的功能，使得地籍資料無法發揮更大功效，同時筆者服務機關既有之『縣市圖根管理系統』因開發較早，受限於原開發程式限制，無法與需高記體之其他軟體相容，另一方面，民眾申請多目標地籍圖，目前仍以紙本方式供應，亦無法發揮與其他政府機關或民間開發建置之地理資訊系統(GIS)圖資整合應用之功能，若能提供符合開放地理資訊編碼標準之地籍圖資，民眾可自行加值應用，將可大幅提升政府為民服務品質。由於臺北市多目標地籍圖系統功能不足，以及既有之『縣市圖根管理系統』無法正常使用，亟需開發新系統，然而，當欲增加功能時，又常受限於原開發廠商、預算編列及招標程序，導致緩不濟急。 開放式地理資訊系統聯盟製定了開放式地理資料跨平台規格書，依此規格書開發之開放源碼軟體常具有免費、跨平台、資料模組化、資料交換方便等優點，讓使用者能免費的取得軟體；同時中央研究院亦提供了許多GIS應用軟體工具供人下載使用，因此若能藉由開放源碼軟體之輔助，將地籍圖資加值應用，提供地籍圖查詢定位、套圖展示以及產製符合開放地理資訊編碼標準之地籍圖、圖根點檔，將可提高地籍資料於GIS之應用。 本研究蒐集臺北市信義區之地籍圖、圖根點及都市計畫中心樁位坐標成果，以開放源碼GIS (Quantum GIS)進行地籍資料加值之建置及處理，建置完成後之成果，可於Quantum GIS中進行定位查詢、套圖展示等操作，並可依需求製作客製化地籍圖，產製地籍圖及圖根點成果KML檔，供民眾下載後加值應用，對提升為民服務有極大助益。 / The “Taipei City Multi-purpose Cadastral Map System” can be used to search and identify location. However, it lacks of functions provided by GIS (Geographic Information Systems) such as analysis and statistics, hence its utility is limited. Since the “Supplementary Control Point Management System for City and County Government” of the researcher's institute was developed in a very early year, due to its limitation, the software is incompatible with the other software which needs large memory. In addition, multi-purpose cadastral map is currently provided to the public in paper copy, thus it cannot be integrated with other GIS data established by government or private institutions. If the cadastral map conforms to the Open Geodata Interoperability Specification (OpenGIS), it can improve the quality of service provided by the government to the public because value-added applications can be developed. As both the aforementioned systems are not sufficient to meet the needs, there is great demand for developing a new system. However, the development of new functions or systems is often restricted by the original developer, budget, and procurement procedure, hence it is not efficient for the urgent need. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has defined a set of open interfaces based on the OpenGIS. Most of the open source software that conforms to OpenGIS has the advantages of free of charge, cross platform, modulized data, and data interchangeability. It is free and easy for users to obtain open source software. Academia Sinica also provides several GIS application software for free download. By using open source GIS software to provide functions such as searching, identification, overlaying, and producing maps for cadastral maps and supplementary control points, it will enhance the value of cadastral map data in GIS applications. This research collected data of the Xinyi District of Taipei City, including cadastral maps, supplementary control points, and central piles’ coordinates for urban planning. An open source GIS (Quantum GIS) was used to process cadastral maps, and the results can be used for location searching, and overlaying maps. Moreover, customized cadastral maps can be produced on demand, and the cadastral maps and supplementary control points can be converted to KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file format, which can be downloaded by the public for value-added applications. The results is expected to greatly improve services for the public.

本文探討外人直接投資對於俄羅斯貧窮問題之影響。透過質性研究說明俄羅斯外人直接投資趨勢與貧窮分布，並輔以量化研究解釋兩者間的關係；在變數選取部分，除主要之各地區外人直接投資流量、絕對貧窮率外，本文還納入人力資本、國內投資、公部門角色、貿易開放程度與總體經濟環境等變數進行研究。樣本資料根據俄羅斯國家統計局，選擇資料完整的71個聯邦主體作為研究對象，分析期間為2000至2008年，共639個觀察值。 　　實證結果發現，外人直接投資與貧窮率之間，並未存在顯著的負向關係；然而，若不考慮各聯邦主體間變異存在與否，甚至得出外人直接投資將惡化貧窮情形的結果；在其餘變數的部分，發現除了政府支出的結論與預期相反、人力資本不顯著外，其餘變數均符合預期，顯示貿易越為開放、總體經濟穩定且經濟成長的地區，貧窮問題較為和緩，在國內投資部分，雖未達統計顯著標準，但結果也傾向國內投資的提升有助於降低貧窮率。此外，若將外人直接投資視為依變數，再結合原先以貧窮為依變數之實證結果，可發現貿易開放程度為唯一同時對吸引外人直接投資與降低貧窮率皆達統計顯著水準的變數，即開放貿易助於提升外人直接投資與降低貧窮水準。

電信服務日新月異，電信技術與標準推陳出新，在眾多技術與標準中，選擇一種可以獲得用戶支持，並且滿足潛在市場需求的技術標準，在世代交替與技術標準轉換之際，選擇適合的技術標準，以建構用戶基礎與技術優勢，將是投資龐大之電信公司營運成功與否的關鍵因素。 過去曾經風光的封閉型電信標準，如日本的NTT DoCoMo的PDC與其iMode標準，終究因為不能滿足新的競爭與市場需求，並且電信服務價值鏈日漸繁複的趨勢，終就還是走入歷史；近年封閉與非主流的低功率行動電話PHS標準被中國與其他國家捨棄，目前唯一經營PHS的日本Willcom電信公司與台灣的A公司也都紛紛進入財務重整，全球PHS用戶曾經達到一億之盛況，卻因為中國大陸的電信政策影響，讓曾經風光，俗稱小靈通的PHS因此消失。 PDC和PHS都是被認為是曾經領先當代的封閉型技術標準，也都是日本電信公司自主研發的先進行動通信技術，但是NTT DoCoMo只經營了三年PHS，即終止PHS服務，而Willcom電信公司(DDI Pocket前身)則選擇持續發展PHS技術；曾經封閉的PHS技術領先其他電信標準，最後卻遭到淘汰；對照蘋果公司的iOS作業系統與iTunes服務，一樣是封閉型系統，Apple卻仍是屹立不搖；未來是否可以持續保持，封閉型的標準是否可以成功，擁有廣大市場，主導整個服務鏈，頗值得深入探討。 全球各國對於電信技術與標準的管理，已逐漸採行技術中立的政策，對於技術與標準的選擇，政府政策因素的影響對企業選擇標準因素限制，已逐漸降低；本研究將以台灣A公司經營PHS為例，對照中國與日本的PHS電信業者，探討與分析電信公司選擇封閉型、非主流電信標準之成功可行性。 / Telecommunication Services have been changed rapidly recently; technologies and standards are also replaced to next generation every few years period. There are technology standards; right selection of standard is to fulfill requirements and obtain market is important. There were successful closed type telecom standards, like PDC of NTT DoCoMo in the 2G era. But finally it had been replaced by 3G, its next generation technology. The standard of telecom trend is toward an open type telecom standard. It is due to the complication of value chain of telecom services and global interfaces requirements. The closed type of technology standard is gradually abandoned. The PHS technology has been developed and adopted by leading technology telecom service provider, Willcom Japan, Telecom Company A in Taiwan announced PHS to be upgraded to XGP for a 100Mbps high speed mobile data network to compete with dominant and worldwide adopted a 4 G LTE mobile standard. But both companies went bankruptcy recently. The subscribers of PHS had been reached to his peak at 100 millions, the government policy has caused PHS in China clear away in a day. PDC and PHS are all considered as closed type technology standards. They were all invented by Japanese Telecom Operators. NTT had been operated and provided PHS service only for 3 years. The PHS leading operator, Willcom (previously DDI Pocket) is all the way providing services with PHS upgraded technology. But The Company is still facing financial difficulty and numbers of subscribers decreased dramatically. In Comparison with Apple Inc. who developed the closed type iOS and iTunes standards, are still leading mobile handset and applications markets. Apple’s service and product now become market dominant. Will Apple’s closed technologies maintenance for future successful? It is worth to be studied and look into details and referred with the PHS technology development as closed type standards. The natural to technology and standard is a trend globally from the government management policy. The governing policy has less effect on the technology and standard selection. The study is based on the case of A company using PHS technology to analyze Selection of close type standard or non dominant telecom standard will it be possible to be successful ? Willcom has announced to adopt XGP, the next generation PHS technology. Can we foresee the failure or it will arise from the dead? The study based on literature and cases analysis to analyze telecommunication, especially mobile communications operators. Successful factors of selection Telecommunication standards based on telecom service value chains, technology dependence, advantages and disadvantages of closed and open type’s standards. The thesis hopes to answer why A company’s failure and recommendation of successful factors when selection a closed type technology standard. The thesis is also to analyze the failure of A company in selection PHS technology which is closed type and reference of literature and other thesis to see the technology standard trend and hope to provide valuable reference for Telecommunication operators or related service providers in the future.

政府機關檔案的開放與應用是當代民主政治運作的磐石，良善且完備的應用制度與開放管道，將能深刻機關檔案的價值及資料開放的深度。由於政治環境及歷史遺緒使然，我國國防檔案開放應用的過程是在相對保守及封閉的情境中所進行。隨著我國民主政治的穩定發展，國防檔案在管理及實務層面歷經了多次的轉變與調整，循序漸進的推展檔案開放應用的進程及範圍。本研究以政策評估理論中的評估指標，來觀察及解析國防檔案開放應用過程的影響與箝制因素，並聚焦於國防部內部使用者在實務過程及現實層面所提出的觀點與問題，嘗試進一步分析及詮釋國防檔案在開放應用時所面臨的困境及挑戰，並提出研究建議。 研究發現在效能性及效率性指標層面，因組織降編與整併、業務移轉與承接、人事精簡與離退及檔案審查行政流程等現實，肇生了國防檔案開放應用在政策效能、資源配置及行政效率等問題。在充分性及回應性指標層面，檔案開放應用的現行內容、範圍及數量未能充分滿足使用者的需求，而檔案管理人員的知能未能有效傳承，形成了執行面向與政策價值之間的落差。在公平性及適當性指標層面，檔案開放應用的管道、主題徵集作業停止及國防組織本質與法規層面的特性限制，使得政策目標的價值受限，並出現了目標偏失的困境。 本研究提出的改善建議可分為政策及實務執行二個層面。在政策層面的改善建議有三點：國防部應重視檔案管理及檔案應用的人力配置與預算資源，避免落入員額精簡或單位裁撤的謬誤循環之中；國防部可積極研擬將非機敏性業務，進行業務委外辦理的推動工作；另外可就現行法制規範層面進行適度的修正及開放等。而實務執行層面的改善建議則有四點：建議國防部在業務流程應積極推動簡化，並以作業管理的資訊化作為輔助；再來應在檔案審查准駁的作業流程進行效率化工作，以提升行政服務的效率；同時應關注檔案管理人員在專業知能上的培訓，以及機關內部和外部的進修訓練；另外建議國防部可以嘗試建立並整合檔案應用的網絡機制，透過多元行動者的互動參與及資訊的垂直和水平整合，來提升檔案開放與應用的實質成效。 / The access of government archives is the cornerstone of modern democracy. Due to the political environment past decades, the access of the national defense archives in Taiwan has been conducted in a conservative and confined manner. With the steadily democratic development in Taiwan, the management of the national defense archives has experienced much improvement and has gradually been stimulating processes and scope of public access. This study, using evaluation indicators adopted from policy evaluation theories; try to analyze the impact and limitations of accessing national defense archives, with a focus on opinions and suggestions made by internal users from the Ministry of National Defense (MND) in Taiwan. Further, this study aims to further analyze the issues and challenges faced and propose some recommendations. The study found that the access of national defense archive has difficulties in policy effectiveness, resource allocation, and administrative efficiency that caused by organizational downgrades and downsize, job assignment and adjustment, personnel reductions, and the archives reviews process. In terms of adequacy and responsiveness indicators, the content, scope and quantity of the archives accessed could insufficiently meet the demands of users, and the knowledge of the archivists not been transferred causes a gap between the practical implementation and the value of the policy. In terms of equity and appropriateness indicators, the access route, stop of theme acquisition and the nature of MND had limited the value of the policy. The suggestions proposed in this study are for policymaking and practical implementation individually. Three suggestions were for improving the policy making process. The MND should pay more attention to archive management, human resource and budgets reallocation in archives division. The MND could outsource some non-classified archive management work. In addition, current public access regulations should make some appropriate adjustments in accordance with reality. There are four suggestions for further improvements of practical implementation. First, the MND should actively promote process reengineering and use information technology as an aid in operation. Second, simplifying the workflow of access of national defense archive should be implemented. At the same time, archivist professional training should be enhanced. Last, the MND should establish an archive-access network; through it the effectiveness of access can be improved.

MOOCs實現了高等教育的跨國性、大量性與開放性，成功將世界各地的學習者、教學者與相關機構帶進全球網絡，為全球知識與傳播提供一個全新的平台。這場由世界頂尖大學所引發的MOOCs風暴，短時間內便席捲全球，在高等教育界掀起一陣波瀾。《紐約時報》甚至將MOOCs形容成一場「校園海嘯」，以迅雷不及掩耳的速度，衝擊高等教育的百年現場。 然而，究竟這場MOOCs風暴是如何一路延燒到世界各地？不同階段的影響因素又有何不同？為了釐清這些問題，本研究利用複雜理論「系統性」與「動態性」的觀點，探討MOOCs創新擴散之動態歷程，分析相關因素如何影響各個階段的歷程演變，以及因素之間互動後所產生的回饋關係。 本研究採用歷史研究法，並參考王美雅（2005）的創新擴散之動態模型，做為研究架構之基礎，探討MOOCs各階段擴散歷程之初始狀態、演化與正向回饋效果以及自我組織的現象。 研究結果發現，MOOCs的擴散事實上是一個自我組織的過程。在MOOCs擴散過程中，以「創新者的網路位置」與「理解創新的難易程度」兩項變數的影響尤其顯著。而各項變數之間不僅擁有正向回饋效果，亦存在著負向回饋效果，進而影響MOOCs的擴散與演化。 / MOOCs successfully brought global students, educators, and related organization into a global network, forming a platform for global diffusion of knowledge. Started by top universities around the globe, MOOCs’ forces have swept around the globe in a short amount of time, creating ripples in the higher education web. The New York Times describes MOOCs as a “Campus Tsunami,” sweeping through the sectors of higher education. How did this “Campus Tsunami” sweep around the globe? What are the factors that affect its dynamic diffusion process? In order to clarify these questions, this study employs the systematic and dynamic point of view of the complex theory to analyze how the factors influence each of MOOCs diffusion stages and what effects the factors create after interaction. This study employs the historical study method and Mei Ya, Wang’s (2005) dynamic innovation diffusion model as the fundamental structure to explore the initial conditions, evolution and positive reinforcements, and self-organization of each diffusion stage. The results demonstrate that MOOCs’ diffusion is based on self-organization. Within the seven factors, innovator networks and the difficulties in understanding innovation are the foremost influential factors. During MOOCs diffusion stages, the different factors interact with each other, producing both positive reinforcements and negative reinforcements, thus influencing MOOCs continuous diffusion and development.

1980年代以來先進國家所進行之政府再造，其外在環境背景因素中，主因是企業部門面對經濟全球化（globalization）競爭壓力，轉為政府層次的國家競爭力，以及資訊及通信技術之急速變遷，衝擊政府運作方式，此一趨勢驅使政府職能因應轉換，也導致政府必須就其組織重新設計或調整並加速改革步伐。經濟合作暨發展組織（Organization for Economic and Development，以下簡稱OECD）會員國為應此趨勢，紛紛建構獨立的高級文官制度以為因應。至於我國除以行政院組織改造為主軸，打造精簡、彈性、有效能的政府外；考試院則提出「建構高階主管特別管理制度」規劃，參採OECD國家建構高級文官制度經驗，希望建立有別於現行一般公務人員之特別管理制度，以系統化延攬及培育推動國家政務主幹之高階常任文官，藉以回應外界之要求。 我高階主管制度應採何種取才途徑，一直是規劃過程中之重點，因以何種取才途徑為設計基礎，影響後續配套措施，諸如俸給、考核、訓練及退離機制等規劃。換言之，取才途徑之選擇，關乎整個特別管理制度之規劃。本研究認為確立對外開放競爭取才之政策目標，始能導引高階主管制度整體規劃方向。至於對外開放競爭取才相關配套如高階主管職務範圍及其外補比例，宜細緻化及彈性化。推動上需漸進並建構合理有效之誘因體系；亦應強化政策溝通及研訂外部人才培育計畫，以爭取高階文官對於政策之認同。未來則應以對外開放競爭取才為前提，重行檢視並研究各議題之妥適性，俾使我國高階主管制度更為妥善可行，更於制度實施後，能提升國家之競爭力。 / Since 1980, government reformed in advanced countries because the external environment background and factors. Due to corporates were facing competitive pressure of economic globalization which turned the competition to the level of government, as well as rapid changes in information and communication technology that impact government’s operation. Hence government functions need to be converted and the structure need to be redesigned or reformed as soon as possible. The member of OECD (Organization for Economic and Development) built an independent senior civil service to respond these trends. In Taiwan, the main target is to redevelop Executive Yuan’s organization as well as create a retrench, flexible, and efficiency government. Furthermore, Examination Yuan planned “Building Senior Executives Administration System” based on OECD member’s experience of senior civil service in past years. The goal was to establish a special administration system other than the current one and to recruit and train senior civil service systemically as well as in response to public concern. Which recruiting method and devise basis should our senior executive service use was always our main concern because different method and measurement will effect stipend, assessment, training, and retirement etc. as planned. In other words, each method we take will result different administration system. It is suggested in the research that setting the goal of opening to external competition in government will lead the scheme for our senior executive service. Supplementary regulations for senior executive service need to be meticulous and flexible for open competition. Reasonable administration system should be built before moving to next step, as well as enhance communication policy and set up a training plan for external talent people to strive for senior civil service system identification. In the future, our government need to be focused on opening competition as a premise, and revise all the issues that might happen; this will result our senior executive service administration system more appropriate and make our country competitive worldwide after implementation.