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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

解讀報紙建構的資訊社會圖像 / Comprehending the Image of Information Society Newspapers Construct

陳雅萍, Ya-Ping Chen Unknown Date (has links)
始於資訊社會論述瀰漫,資訊社會相關口語俯拾可得,信誓旦旦,並觀察到報紙做為一權力爭奪發聲的動態場域而資訊新聞相關版面從有到無漸趨固定之態勢,本論文第一個研究問題即是:資訊社會是何光景?---看報紙建構出如何的資訊社會圖像;接著以批判的傳播政治經濟學取向解讀此圖像是如何被產製出來的。前者(建構圖像)以系統化歸納資訊版新聞的報導主題與隱喻語言的使用為兩條取徑來呈現報紙建構的資訊社會圖像;後者(解讀圖像)則關注傳播活動如何在資源(物質與符號資源)分配不公允的情況下被設定或限制,挖掘資訊社會圖像的產製環境、生產條件與生產關係等文化製造的資訊,以瞭解文化產品(資訊社會圖像)的深層社會意義。 研究結果發現:資訊版新聞以資訊商品為首席主角及幾乎全使用正面情緒的隱喻語言所鋪陳出來之資訊社會圖像,其產製環境實與「台灣資訊社會論述發展之歷史脈絡下,國家機器與資訊產業資本家的共生結構」、及「報業經濟環境產生變化時,資訊業與報業的經濟關係」有關。轉而進入新聞產製過程,探討產製資訊新聞的過程中如何得以與社會既有權力互動,並且歸納出「國家機器」與「資訊產業界」之共生結構消息來源佔資訊版發聲位置將近八成,而資訊社會圖像產製於此等權力架構中。 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與研究背景 2 第二節 研究問題與論文架構 5 第三節 章節安排 6 第二章 文獻探討與研究取向 8 第一節 文獻探討 8 1. 資訊社會文獻探討 8 2. 資訊社會定義的探討 12 3. 資訊社會論述的批判觀點 17 4. 資訊新聞與科學新聞相關研究 20 5. 小結 22 第二節 研究取向 23 1. 「建構」資訊社會圖像之研究取向 23 1.1 新聞的報導主題 24 1.2 隱喻 25 2. 「解讀」資訊社會圖像之研究取向 28 2.1 政治經濟學與批判的傳播政經研究 28 2.2新聞產製V.S.權力 31 3. 小結 34 第三章 研究方法 36 1.研究對象與抽樣 36 2.分析單位與研究範圍 37 3.類目的建構 38 3.1 一般資料 38 3.2 報導主題 39 3.3 隱喻語言 54 3.4 消息來源 55 第四章 研究結果 57 第一節 報紙建構的資訊社會圖像 57 一、 資訊版新聞的報導主題歸納 57 1. 資訊版新聞的報導主題歸納統計分析 57 2. 合併類目分析 73 3. 加入「頭條╱非頭條新聞」變項 77 4. 小結 79 二、隱喻語言的分析 80 小結 97 第二節 解讀報紙建構的資訊社會圖像 99 一、資訊社會圖像產製的政經環境 99 1. 全球資訊化浪潮的成形 100 2. 資訊產業在台灣的發展 101 3. 台灣的資訊政策 102 4.資訊社會論述中「國家機器」與「資訊產業資本家」的共生結構 105 5. 大眾化報紙紛設資訊相關版面V.S.市場利潤 108 5.1 固定資訊相關版面紛紛現身 108 5.2資訊相關版面設立背景 110 二、新聞產製V.S.權力 114 1. 新聞組織常規 114 1.1 記者採訪路線與消息來源 115 1.2 時間概念對新聞的影響 117 1.3 客觀的新聞專業意理 118 2. 資訊版是誰的天下? 119 2.1 消息來源的偏向 119 2.2 在資訊版新聞發聲的消息來源 120 第五章 結論 124 第一節 研究結果 124 第二節 研究限制 127 第三節 對未來研究的建議 128 參考書目 131 附錄一 140 附錄二 148 附錄三 149 附錄四 151 / The first question this thesis want to ask: what is Information Society (hereafter, IS)?---what kind of image of IS newspapers construct; then comprehending how the image is produced in the approach of critical political economy of communication. The former (constructing image) selects two approaches, inducting the themes of news reports and the metaphor language systematically in the page of information news, to present the image of IS newspapers construct; and the latter (comprehending image) concerns how communicative activities are influenced or limited under the situation of unequal distribution of resources (material and symbolic resources). Try to dig out the information of the productive environment, conditions, and relations of the image and so on about culture production to comprehend the deeper social meaning of the image. The research found: In the page of information news (Liberal Times is the research object in this thesis), the image of IS is made of the chief leading role, information commodity, and the metaphor language which almost shows positive emotion. The productive environment of the image is related with the symbiosis structure of Taiwan state apparatuses and the capitalist of information industries in historical context in Taiwan and the economic relations between the press and information industries when the economic situation of the press changed. Also, by entering the process of making news, this article discusses how social existing powers interact in making information news, and the research found the IS image is produced from a powerful structure made of information industries and state apparatuses. These two kinds of sources occupy almost 80% of speaking location in the page of information news.
42

族群性別的政治經濟學考察──一個北部泰雅女性的生命史研究 / A LIFE STUDY OF THE TAYAL FEMALE ON NORTHERN TAIWAN

黃鵬仁, Huang, Peng-Jeng Unknown Date (has links)
本論文所要探討的是原住民泰雅女性在一個北部原住民山地鄉,以觀光為主體產業下的生存處境.所有的民族誌內容皆是根據本人自1994年7月至1996年3月份為止的田野資料.這個特殊的族群觀光脈絡裡,泰雅女性從男常逸,女常勞的性別分工中走出,不再織布,操作農事,轉而投入觀光及其相關行業.成為族群觀光工業裡族群特質的代表形象,成為主要的行動者.他們多從事紀念品販賣,陪照,理票員與跳舞的工作.衍生的社會事實是異國婚姻與族外通婚,以及婚姻狀態的高變異度.而這些女性的生存策略與主體感知即是本論文所欲探討的重點.這個探討將以生命史民族誌來呈現,同時基於女性研究的方法論演變,再現文化實體的方法論考量以及所記錄分析的社會事實之特殊性,將以自我指涉的反省式人類學和脈絡觀為考察的策略. / The present theiss is aimed to discuss that under the specific political economical contexts the female atayal negociated between individaul-agent and cultueral norm and social catogory.Their in-dividaul conception return to renrgociate with their actions ,eventually reproduces the cultural value and social behaviours.The focuswould be the process of individual decision-making.And the conclusionis abuot the manipulation of national apparatus to indigious women'ssurviving conditions.
43

鄒族傳統的地權結構與轉化過程-以阿里山達邦社的發展為中心 / Structure and Change in Tsou s Traditional Land Ownership

邱國民, Chiu, Gwo Min Unknown Date (has links)
地權結構的私有化是任何法治國家建立與資本主義化的基礎工程。然而對於台灣原住民族而言,卻是在被殖民的情境下完成的,如何去殖民色彩以及重建對土地所有權主體的事控,便是累次「還我土地運動」最主要的動員目標。本論文的主要研究目的,是希望藉由鄒族地權結構轉化的歷史過程,來了解國家與台灣原住民族關係的進程,尤其是有關土地財產權的執行過程;從而了解原住民自發性的還我土地運動,以便釐清這種關係糾葛的結果。因此從土地所有權的本質性探討,則是解決日益紛擾的原漠地權問題必經之途徑,本文第二章即是從鄒族傳統地權的內在結構,展開此一課題的論述。   「缺乏土地財產權」的觀念,是一般人對原住民族的基本認識,從社會文化的脈絡來理解,則可以澄清這個錯誤的刻板印象。地權制度原本就是國家或社會內對於土地利用和佔有的權利關係,它可以是國有制、公有與私有並存抑或是全為私有制。鄒族對於土地所有權的建立,主要是依據先佔原則來作為社會的規範,獵場、漁區、耕地與住地均是按此原則運作。以氏族為所有權之主體,執行管理與分配的共享性社會價值觀。居於大社宗家的氏族長老,往往由有能力者並且通曉社會規範的族人擔任,來管理氏族土地。在山田燒墾為主、漁獵為輔的經濟生活中,尚能與自然生態環境維持精巧性的平衡關係,然而,就在國家權力介入後,從而主導了鄒族傳統地權結構轉化為私有制的結果來。   鄒族地權結構的轉化,是本文第三章所要論述的主題。其導致變遷的主要動力來源是政治經濟的外力;而生產方式的改變則是變遷的機制所在。本文認為日本殖民統治的中晚期,時間約在一九三○年代左右,一方面因為與山田燒墾截然不同的生產方式--水稻耕作的引入,使得游耕方式逐漸地轉為定耕方式,衝擊原來氏族所有的地權結構之觀念;另一方面則是政府有計劃的規劃與執行私有財產權的結果。如此一來,政府得以「合法化」取得台灣廣大的山林資源,日據時期的高砂族保留地與光復後的山地保留地都顯露出這樣的目的與意義。在邁向全球資本主義化的浪潮裡,以及聯合國更加重視全球原住民族對土地的傳統權益之際,再加上原住民自我權益的覺醒,再再都促使政府必須重新思考在台灣的原住民土地權利的問題。   總之,經過本文對鄒族傳統地權結構轉化的了解,所提出的個人意見是,近程目標須落實地方自治的精神,遠程則希望對於原住民的居住地,能夠實踐民族自治區的理想,如此不僅擺脫過去同化的政策,建立尊重多元文化共存共相融的理念,也符應了一九九三年聯合國所提出新階段的國家與原住民的關係。
44

基於EVA的我國醫藥上市公司創造價值實證研究 / Empirical research of pharmaceutical list companies based on economic value added

戎怡然 January 2011 (has links)
University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
45

論太陽黑子均衡的可能性--代理人基人工股票市場的應用 / On the Plausibility of Sunspot Equilibria: An Analysis Based on Agent-Based Artifical Stock Markets

周佩蓉, Chou,peijung Unknown Date (has links)
The existence of sunspots or sunspot equilibria has been debated for several decades on its influence in the field of Economics. While models of sunspots or sunspot equilibria have fitted well for some subsets of empirical features, it comes at a cost of moving further away from economic believability and robustness. Studies on the theoretical plausibility of sunspot equilibria have been addressed extensively in several different economic models, but exist almost entirely within the framework of the homogeneous rational expectations equilibrium devised of representative agents. This framework shapes later arising learning approaches to sunspot equilibria. These models have proposed various ways of learning, but they deal mainly with the learning of representative agents. Models of adaptive learning with heterogeneous agents, however, enable us to explicitly tackle coordination issues, such as the coordination mechanism of expectations. This is certainly desirable since sunspots are often used as a coordination device of expectations. In this dissertation, we continue this line of research, investigating the plausibility of sunspot equilibria in stock markets within the framework of heterogeneous agents and the dynamic relationship between sunspot variables and stock returns. We adopt an Agent-based Computational Approach, now known as Agent-based Computational Economics or ACE, to study the plausibility of sunspot equilibria. More specifically, we deal with this issue in the context of an Agent-based Artificial Stock Market (AASM). We contemplate AASMs to be highly suitable to the issue we examine here. Currently, none of the theoretical, empirical, experimental, or simulation models of sunspot equilibria directly capture sunspots within a stock market composed of heterogeneous agents. We conducted three series of experiments to examine this issue. From the results of these three series of simulations, we observed that sunspot variables generally do not have influence on market dynamics. This indicates that sunspot variables remain largely exogenous to the system. Furthermore, we traced the evolution of agents' beliefs and examined their consistency with the observed aggregate market behavior. Additionally, this dissertation takes the advantage of and investigates the micro-macro relationship within the market. We argue that a full understanding of the dynamic linkage between sunspot variables and stock returns cannot be accomplished unless the feedback relationship between individual behaviors, at the micro view, and aggregate phenomena, at the macro view, is well understood / The existence of sunspots or sunspot equilibria has been debated for several decades on its influence in the field of Economics. While models of sunspots or sunspot equilibria have fitted well for some subsets of empirical features, it comes at a cost of moving further away from economic believability and robustness. Studies on the theoretical plausibility of sunspot equilibria have been addressed extensively in several different economic models, but exist almost entirely within the framework of the homogeneous rational expectations equilibrium devised of representative agents. This framework shapes later arising learning approaches to sunspot equilibria. These models have proposed various ways of learning, but they deal mainly with the learning of representative agents. Models of adaptive learning with heterogeneous agents, however, enable us to explicitly tackle coordination issues, such as the coordination mechanism of expectations. This is certainly desirable since sunspots are often used as a coordination device of expectations. In this dissertation, we continue this line of research, investigating the plausibility of sunspot equilibria in stock markets within the framework of heterogeneous agents and the dynamic relationship between sunspot variables and stock returns. We adopt an Agent-based Computational Approach, now known as Agent-based Computational Economics or ACE, to study the plausibility of sunspot equilibria. More specifically, we deal with this issue in the context of an Agent-based Artificial Stock Market (AASM). We contemplate AASMs to be highly suitable to the issue we examine here. Currently, none of the theoretical, empirical, experimental, or simulation models of sunspot equilibria directly capture sunspots within a stock market composed of heterogeneous agents. We conducted three series of experiments to examine this issue. From the results of these three series of simulations, we observed that sunspot variables generally do not have influence on market dynamics. This indicates that sunspot variables remain largely exogenous to the system. Furthermore, we traced the evolution of agents' beliefs and examined their consistency with the observed aggregate market behavior. Additionally, this dissertation takes the advantage of and investigates the micro-macro relationship within the market. We argue that a full understanding of the dynamic linkage between sunspot variables and stock returns cannot be accomplished unless the feedback relationship between individual behaviors, at the micro view, and aggregate phenomena, at the macro view, is well understood.
46

清潔發展機制之國際政治經濟學分析:以歐盟與中國為例 / An international political economy analysis of the clean development mechanism: A comparative study of the EU and China

陳俊仰, Chen, Chun Yang Unknown Date (has links)
清潔發展機制作為京都議定書中的一種彈性機制,普遍被認為將為溫室氣體排放減量所引起的「環境保護─經濟發展」與「北─南」衝突帶來雙贏的結果。支持者認為,其為附件一締約方提供達成溫室氣體減排經濟成本較低的方法,也同時為非附件一締約方引進資金與技術。然而,本研究運用國際政治經濟學的分析,提出因為各自要素禀賦的不同,清潔發展機制實行後的利弊損益將不會公平的分配於清潔發展機制項目的投資方與東道方間,因而導致某些負面的效果:其將阻礙投資方境內減排措施的推動,與導致東道方在技術上的依賴。而透過對投資方與東道方內部排放權提供者與技術研發者間互動的分析,再輔以中國與EU-15的實證資料,可以證實本研究的假設並較為清楚地說明其背後之原因。最後,本研究將討論中國政府與EU-15各自如何以政治力介入市場機制的運作,以試圖處理這樣市場機制運作所導致的弊病。 / Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a Kyoto flexible mechanism was believed to provide a win-win solution to the conflicts, which result from cutting down greenhouse gas emissions, between wheather ecology & economy or North & South. The proponents believe the implementation of CDM is cost-efficient for the Annex I Parties to achieve their Kyoto commitments and can also introduce capital & technology into the non-Annex I Parties. However, by international political economic analysis, the difference in factors endowments between CDM invest parties and host parties will result in unequal distribution of gains & pays between them. This causes some negative effects: CDM will deter the implementation of domestic emissions reduction in the invest parties, and it will also make technological dependence in the host parties. Through analyzing the interactions between emission allowance providers & technology innovators in the invest & host parties and with empirical data from China & EU-15, the assumptions of this study is proved and the causation is clarified. At last, the governmental interventions, which are trying to modify the negative effects result from the operation of market mechanism, by China and EU-15 are brought into discuss perspectively.
47

地上權之財產權界定及消滅後地上物清理之法律經濟分析

巫智豪 Unknown Date (has links)
在二十世紀七十年代開始,以Richard A. Posner為首,以寇斯定理為主的財產權理論,開展出「法律經濟分析」這一學術思潮,以經濟學觀點,來審視法律制度之良窳。而在九十年代,寇斯獲得諾貝爾獎後,更奠定了經濟學與法學間科際整合之相容性及必要性。然而,在台灣,由於深受德國法律文化之影響,以及近來政治社會的影響,經濟效率永遠無法與公平正義相提並論,而犧牲了法律經濟分析在台灣成長的契機,實為可惜,故本文嘗試以法律經濟分析之核心——寇斯定理來闡述法律制度,希望能多少引導有志之士踏入此門學術領域。 以交易成本為中心之寇斯定理所衍生之財產權理論,乃以人是理性自利為假設前提,而追求整體社會的最大產出,也就是以整體社會產值極大化的角度來看產權界定、保障,故本文乃以此種概念,對民法地上權章相關問題作以下之法律經濟分析:(1)以寇斯定理分析地上權之所以形成、其必要性及產權界定之問題,探討其制度形成之背景及經濟目的,並以交易成本來分析民法地上權章之規定所能達到的效率層面為何;(2)探討地上權法律設計如何保障財產權,研究焦點放在民法第八百三十九、八百四十條以及修正草案對於地上權消滅後地上物處理之規定,應用Calabresi與Melamed所提出之三個基本的財產權保障法則,分析地上權消滅後,地上物之處理,所採取之保障法則為何,及所導致之經濟效果來判斷法律制度設計之良窳。 本研究認為,地上權制度由於因物權法定主義之特性,使得該制度之設立得以省下搜尋及資訊成本,而突顯其必要性,但仍必須與因物權態樣之僵化程度相衡量;而對於地上權消滅後地上物之處理,本文認為設計上忽略了工作物及竹木經濟特性之不同,而予以分別討論。在分析中,發現當工作物具公共財性質時,不管以財產法則或責任法則,都無法解決效率及財產權保障問題,此乃當初財產權界定有誤,必須以特別法或特別規定排除;而關於建築物於消滅後之處理,法律設計上形成了二回合的責任法則,依Ayres及Balkin之觀點,此將會誘導雙方透露出私人訊息,而為法院判斷其真實價格而作為補償額之有效依據,並在第二回合責任法則結束時,以財產法則遏止無效率的相互侵奪繼續下去,因此,民法第八百四十條第一項及第二項之規定,符合了此種觀點,而能達到效率,並符合立法意旨。
48

國家創新體系下制度與組織互動之研究:以工業技術研究院為例

張銘晃, Chang, Ming-Huang Unknown Date (has links)
從熊彼得(1934)提出創新學說以來,創新理論業已有了相當大的進展。當代學者認為創新是藉由互動中所產生。創新不僅不再是閉門造車,組織與外在環境的關係也引起學者的興趣。國家創新系統取向即是此一當代創新學說的代表。然在審視國家創新系統取向的文獻後,可知雖然國家創新系統取向的研究將組織與組織間的互動及組織及制度間的互動視為研究的焦點,但眾家學者間對於何謂制度並無共識。制度有時是組織,有時是遊戲規則,有時兩者皆是。這也造成了學者間對話與研究上的困擾。事實上,制度與組織兩者在創新的過程中扮演著不同的角色。制度有時提供了組織在創新過程中的誘因,有時則阻滯了創新的發生。組織則扮演實際從事創新的執行者角色。在文獻上,這一方面的討論尚不多見,更僅止於推論之層次。因此,本研究乃意欲透過實際個案的觀察以形成更進一步的認識。本研究的目的為瞭解在創新的過程中,制度環境、組織、組織結構與文化間如何互動。本研究為一探索性的個案研究,並以工業技術研究院為本研究之個案組織。 研究發現在制度環境上,政治系統的各項制度相較於其他類型的制度對公共研發機構的運作提供了更多利於創新的功能。包含了「將資源導向創新活動」、「提供正(負)面誘因」及「管理衝突與合作」等功能之提供,其中以「將資源導向創新活動」之功能最顯著。而在創新的阻礙上,政治系統主要是經由經費的刪減及各項管制制度,文化系統則是透過認知制度阻礙了創新的腳步。而公共研發機構對制度環境的回應上有兩種方式,一是直接與制度環境對話,主要為「管理衝突與合作」、積極爭取「創新的資源」及尋求化解各種「創新的阻礙」。而「管理衝突與合作」及積極爭取「創新的資源」所形成各項制度可視為降低或消除各種「創新的阻礙」的作為;一是經由組織結構的設計及組織文化的形塑以滿足制度環境的要求。在制度的設計上,經由認知制度、管制制度、制定制度及聯合制度提供「提供資訊與降低不確定性」、「管理衝突與合作」、「提供正(負)面誘因」及「將資源導向創新活動」等功能,以促成組織創新的產出。雖然組織試圖經由組織結構的設計及組織文化的形塑以促成創新的產出或增加創新的產出,但執行創新活動的關鍵仍在於「人」。在本研究中,根據分析,工研院的員工較缺乏互動,且對於各項制度的認知往往會有不同的解讀。因此本研究認為個人層次中的文化系統的認知及行為制度是決定組織所形成的各項制度能否發揮作用的關鍵。
49

公共選擇與投票行為

鄭瓊秋, Zheng, Qiong-Qiu Unknown Date (has links)
根據現代經濟學之父–亞當斯密的理論,在經濟上那隻「不可見之手」的引導下,可 以使經濟資源作最有效的分配。然而,在現實世界裡,某些經濟情況往往導致市場機 能失去作用,此時則須要政府參與資源的配置。近年來有關「政治經濟學」的分析, 多集中於如何透過投票行為以從事公共選擇。本文研究之目的,主要在於探討如何經 由政治投票方式,正確地顯示人民對於公共財之需求;若這些偏好的顯示性愈正確, 則實際資源的配置也就愈能接近最佳境界。 第一章為緒論。第二章為非市場經濟決策的情況與基礎。第三章為實證面的公共選擇 。第四章為規範面的公共選擇。第五章為公共選擇的實際應用。第六章為結論。
50

台灣唱片產業之研究:主流與非主流之比較分析

曾裕恒 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣唱片工業在1997年達到前所未有的高峰,唱片總銷售金額達新台幣123億元。可是從1998年開始,台灣唱片工業景氣急轉直下,每年的成長率至少都在-10%以上,到了2007年,整體唱片銷售總額已掉到新台幣19億元,幾乎已是十年前的六分之一。很多唱片業界的人士都怪罪數位音樂的流通,導致盜版橫行,沒有消費者願意花錢支持正版專輯,使得主流唱片市場一落千丈,可是反觀國內以獨立音樂為號召的三大音樂祭,每年參與人數皆逐年上升,尤其是野台開唱去年一舉將票價提升近一倍,但人數不減反增,三天的活動累計突破十二萬人次,雖無直接的證據證實以往聆聽主流音樂的消費者漸漸轉向獨立音樂的陣營,可是強調「真誠」與「創新」的獨立音樂,逐漸擄獲消費者的心卻是不爭的事實。 Simon Frith認為:「音樂已經變成一種商品,想要賺錢得不斷適應新的科技,這兩樣事情形塑了通俗音樂產業的面貌。」,此話明確指出,唱片工業除了得面對科技的進步,音樂的本質也相當重要。但台灣主流唱片公司一昧卸責怪罪mp3所造成的衝擊,卻忽略除了科技以外的問題。因此唯有透過完整性的產業分析,將國內主流與獨立音樂分別比較探討,才能真正的釐清國內唱片工業問題之所在。 時至今日,跨國唱片公司以裁員、縮編因應市場的轉變,許多本土中小型的主流唱片公司應運而生紛紛轉向大陸市場,獨立音樂透過網路社群的集結,蓄積龐大的力量,正逐漸解構跨國唱片公司所建構的市場規則。台灣唱片工業將會再起,網路霈然莫之能禦的力量,將使台灣富有生命力的「新音樂」推向市場。 / The Taiwan popular music industry reached the high peak in 1997 without precedent history that the total output value was NT dollar twelve billion. But from 1998, the Taiwan popular music industry had a quick and decisive turn of events for the worse. Until 2007 the total output value was about NT dollar two billion that is almost the one sixth of ten years ago. Many people in this industry have blamed the digital music for the sluggish market. But, by contrast, there are more and more people joining the three most famous indie-music festivals, especially Formoz Festival 2007. Although It raised the ticket price to two times, the total entrance people reached one hundred-twenty thousand. Even though there is no direct evidence that the most of customers listening pop music turn to indie music, in fact, the indie music that highlights “honest” and “innovative” gradually attract many customers. Simon Frith said: “pop music as we know it now has been shaped by the problems of making music a commodity and the challenges of adapting money-making practices to changing technologies.” This paragraph indicates that technology is very important to music industry. Besides, the innate character of music is also more important. Therefore, I think that if we want to understand what the problems with, we must take the macroscopic method to analysis this industry. However, the international recording companies have been in droves to lay off employees in order to the sluggish market coming. There are many small or medium major recording companies being formed and turning to China market. And then, many indie music companies use internet to cluster together for store up strength to deconstruct the rule that the international recording companies formulated. The application of internet will improve the “new music” to the market, and the Taiwan popular music industries will revival.

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