教育與國家發展習習相關，而公共行政教育更是關係著國家整體施政品質，甚至與民主政治是否能健全發展，密不可分。如何藉由公共行政教育意義與實質內涵作進一步的探討，並建立公共行政教育機制，增進政府施政效能、鞏固民主、厚實國力，似乎是一個相當值得探討的課題。 本論文首先將對公共行政教育的意涵作進一步的探究，其次從理論與實踐，及教育訓練等層次，對現存我國政府的公共行政教育作進一步的分析，再來從易經思考、課程設計、學習型組織、網上學習，使得我們能從改變公務人員的心智模式開始、教育訓練課程的安排、乃至學習型組織與網上學習系統的建構，使得公共行政教育的理念與理想性能夠得到落實。

本文主要討論在日常生活中，以智慧型手機和社群網站Facebook打卡為主的媒體實踐所扮演的社交角色以及實踐者的空間經驗感受，試圖描繪科技帶來社交網絡的連結，並且透過現代科技漫遊者的實踐，混淆日常性和觀光凝視的界線。從媒體實踐取徑，觀察生活中各種實踐行動，試圖勾勒媒體實踐如何定錨社交關係，以及人為主體的媒介消費複雜性。 研究以民族誌法為研究方法，結合線上觀察、線下田野、深度訪談，研究三個身處不同社交圈位置的個案；研究者以參與觀察的方式進入研究對象的生活、工作、休閒場域，期以從實踐者的生活方式，理解日常生活中細瑣行動的動態關係。 研究發現，作為新科技的Facebook打卡和智慧型手機，身處社交圈不同位置的實踐者在近用之後能發展機會，包括鞏固意見領袖地位、晉升為領導者、創造與他人的連結；而Facebook的標籤功能、打卡時機的調整、省略打卡位置等實踐，成為實踐者挪用以建立社交關係。 實踐者是為現代的科技漫遊者，在漫遊城市時透過打卡找到新空間經驗感受，這些經驗包括：(1) 日常生活與觀光凝視的界線流動，實踐者凝視平凡的日常找到非比尋常，將之轉化為打卡題材；(2) 打卡實踐是實踐者既地方性又全球性的文本生產，讓地標賦予了既真實又虛擬的混合空間意涵，實踐者於其中觀展表演而自我揭露；(3) 打卡鞏固了觀光凝視的空間經驗，實踐者的空間感受並非固定，而可能既溫暖有情感又陳悶的儀式，打卡實踐添增了生活中面對鏡頭的觀光客姿態。實踐者面對科技物質特性、社會關係、監視構成的結構性限制，能找到方式因應，但其能施展的自由與機會也有局限性。 / The aim of the research investigates Facebook’s check-ins as a media practice that plays a crucial social role in everyday life. While walking in the city nowadays, a practitioner can convey his/her feelings, uploading stories and photos to social network websites through mobile technologies. A practitioner’s gaze upon spectacle of the city brings him/her complicated media experience in the media-drenched world, which turns a practitioner into a tourist and a flâneur. The study explores practitioners’ media consumption in everyday life. My empirical study focuses on three cases, who are heavy users of smart phones and in favor of check-ins on Facebook. The three cases situate in different social status and develope different social relationships through Facebook. By choosing ethnography as my method, I am a participant-as-observer who immerse in on-line and off-line field work. My findings indicate that smart phones and check-ins on Facebook provide opportunities and resources for practitioners. A keen adopter of technologies becomes an opinion leader, and her practice of check-ins brings her a fashionable image. The person who owns ordinary fellowship becomes an opinion leader in his peer group by acquiring technology skills. The practitioners use tagging and adjust the timing of check-ins to create social connection with friends. A practitioner, who is also a tourist and a flâneur, finds new feelings through mobile technologies when walking in the city. (1) The boundary between everyday life and tourism is not fixed, but weaves in a flow instead. (2) Geo-tagging symbolizes a hybrid space, in which contains virtual and physical information. (3) The practices of check-ins embody the tourist gaze. The sense of place is a flow, and practitioners may find warm or chill places through different media practices. However, the tension of interaction between people and technologies brings several unexpected troubles. The practitioner combats these problems by using tactics with agency, while he/she faces the power of structure which limits agency at the same time.

《兩個閒蕩徒弟的懶惰旅行》(The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices, 1857) 是一本由查理‧狄更斯(Charles Dickens)與威爾基‧柯林斯(Wilkie Collins)根據他們的旅途見聞再加上各自創作的兩篇短篇故事所集結而成的小說。在過去，許多批評家只單論文本中的兩篇短篇故事，而忽略鑲嵌短篇故事的主架構，把文本切割至互不相連的碎片。本論文主要採取昂希‧列斐伏爾(Henri Lefebvre)對於空間三面向的理論概念來剖析《兩個閒蕩徒弟的懶惰旅行》在文本中反覆出現，並且被不同主體所論述的閒蕩(idleness)一詞，試圖藉由呈現閒蕩的多重意義而把《兩個閒蕩徒弟的懶惰旅行》視為一有機的整體。論文第二章借助空間的再現(representation of space)概念論述看似懶散、不事生產的地景是如何被規劃，最終喪失其神性(deity)。論文的第三章則檢視空間使用者與空間的互動。本章從空間實踐(spatial practice)的角度切入，試圖證明文本中的精神病院(lunatic asylum)、火車站(railway station)與賽馬週(race-week)的空間規劃異化(alienate)了生活在其中的空間居民，而居民無所事事的遊蕩正是此異化的展現。第四章援引再現的空間(space of representation)之概念，試圖證明閒蕩也有其積極面向。藉由檢視故事主人翁法蘭西‧古柴爾德(Francis Goodchild)與湯瑪士‧艾朵(Thomas Idle)既合作又競爭的夥伴關係，閒蕩對於湯瑪士‧艾朵而言，是一種在文本中爭取發言權的手段。至於對缺乏官方實證的怪談野史而言，閒蕩也是一種抵抗大論述收編、並且同時揭露資本主義中金錢對於人性腐蝕的路徑。 / The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices is a travelogue worked in collaboration between Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins. Besides noting down what they observe and encounter during the trip, Dickens and Collins also enclose two gothic tales which is written respectively by them. Nevertheless, when most critics mention The Lazy Tour, they limit their concerns to simply the two interpolated tales, which violates the integrity of The Lazy Tour by dissecting it into disconnected pieces. This thesis proposes to apply Henri Lefebvre’s conceptual triad to analyze the recurring theme, idleness, which is interpreted by different subjects. By presenting the variations of the concept of idleness, this thesis attempts to see The Lazy Tour as an organic whole. Applying the idea of representation of space, Chapter Two explains how the seemingly inoperative landscapes are programmed and designed, which results in the demise of the deity of Nature. With the support of the concept of spatial practice, Chapter Three proposes to demonstrate how the spatial designs of the lunatic asylum, railway station, and the festive occasion, the race-week, respectively alienate the spatial inhabitants. The idleness manifested by these spatial inhabitants is the syndrome of their alienation. Chapter Four analyzes the constructive aspect of the idleness with the assistance of Lefebvre’s idea of space of representation. In terms of Thomas Idle, one of the protagonists, idleness serves as a resistant measure to develop his own narrative. As far as the two interpolated tales are concerned, idleness can be compared to a way to resist the incorporation of the narrative framework of The Lazy Tour, and in the meanwhile discloses the moral corruption brought by Capitalism.

由於台灣食安風暴發生，政府為挽救國人信心，而制定相關法規，針對特定大型企業編訂企業社會責任報告書，可見得政府對企業社會責任日益重視。台灣中小企業占全體企業家數的97.69%，在經濟、社會、環境等面向對台灣影響甚大，但是台灣中小企業社會責任卻很少研究討論。 本研究以中小企業社會責任之相關議題，採用訪談方式，企圖討論以下三點，首先，探討企業社會責任的概念，與中小企業對企業社會責任之認知、動機與實踐。其次，將四家標竿中小企業、兩家一般中小企業與一家微型企業，將其對企業社會責任的作為予以比較。最後，探討當前中小企業實踐企業社會責任可能面臨的困難與解決方式，政府或外部單位在中小企業經營與承擔企業社會責任時所能提供的幫助與需要承擔之角色為何，並對政府提供建議。 研究發現，許多中小企業對企業社會責任認知不足的情形下，實踐企業社會責任。從中小企業對Carroll的金字塔理論之責任排序，可以發現中小企業之認知與實踐，有其多元考量因素，包括：企業產業別、經營方向、領導者與管理者之價值觀與行事作風、企業生存問題與穩定與外在環境變化。從企業社會責任之實踐來看，在微型企業方面，其影響因素通常是企業主或領導階層價值觀與內心因素，更專注於營運與利害關係人之回應，而未得獎企業與得獎企業通常有其長期實踐方案、第三方認證，而得獎企業可能會更進一步發行企業社會責任報告書、有企業社會責任相關的部門與人才培訓，多以量化方式呈現企業社會責任。許多中小企業表示，實踐企業社會責任會有其實質利益。最後，除了中小企業內部限制產生中小企業之社會責任窒礙難行情形外，社會風氣、政府法規與政策也會改變中小企業對企業社會責任相關之實踐，中小企業內部限制、社會風氣、政府法規與政策皆可能造成中小企業對於企業社會責任認知與實踐造成差距擴大。 / Abstact According to a series of food safety scandals occur frequently in Taiwan, Financial Supervisory Commission makes relevant laws and regulations to restore confidence of people and Social perception. The specific part of large enterprise have to prepare corporate social responsibility（CSR） report. It will be seen from this that the government have gradually paid their attention to CSR. The Small and medium-sized enterprises（SMEs）, who play an important role in our economy , society and environment , accounted for 97.69% of all enterprises in Taiwan. However, comparatively little research has focused on CSR for SMEs in Taiwan. The subject of the research is cognition and implementation of CSR for SMEs in Taiwan. The qualitative data were derived from semi-structural interviews with seven SMEs in Taiwan. There are three purposes of this research. First, cognition and motivation of CSR for SMEs in Taiwan. Second, subjects in the study were divided into three groups, including four companies who won CSR for SMEs in Taiwan award from 2011 to 2014, three SMEs who did not won CSR for SMEs in Taiwan award, and one micro-business, to compare the differences between their implementation of CSR. Finally, the difficulties of implementation of CSR for SMEs. What is the role of government in helping and supporting CSR for SMEs? SMEs will give advice to the government. The study found that many SMEs are lacking of CSR cognition, but they still implement CSR. On SMEs opinion, they rank differently“the Pyramid of Carroll's Corporate Social Responsibility” in order of importance, so we can find that the cognition and implementation of CSR for SMEs in Taiwan have their various considerations, including category of business, the direction and guidance of their business, the values of leaders and managers and manage style, issues of business survival, internal and external environments of business. In terms of the implementation of CSR for SMEs, the implementation of CSR for micro-business is highly influenced by the values and mental factors of business owners or managers, and they are focus on responding to stakeholders and operation. Besides micro-business, other study subjects have long-term program of CSR and certification of CSR, study subjects who won CSR for SMEs in Taiwan award from 2011 to 2014 have CSR report, CSR-related departments and personnel training and quantified data on CSR. Many SMEs said they can benefit companies by engaging in CSR. Finally, resource constraints of SMEs is one of reasons that hard to implement CSR. Social morality and the government regulations and policies also change the way when SMEs implement CSR. Resource constraints of SMEs, Social morality and the government regulations and policies have an impact on disparity between cognition and implementation of CSR for SMEs in Taiwan .

本研究由科技接受度模型為出發點，探討台灣50歲以上國民對於網路購物平台的使用習慣及態度，加入不同的外部因素分析，包含人群接觸偏好、自我實踐、認知有用、認知易用、購物動機、知覺風險及關係品質，目的在於了解不同的外部因素對此一族群最後是否會回到同一個購物平台購買商品之影響，意即對網路購物平台產生忠誠度，並且加入寂寞感作為使用者態度與忠誠度之間的調節變數。採用問卷調查法隨機抽樣，同時發放紙本及網路問卷，有效回收173份，網路回收效果較佳，佔有效問卷的84%。 透過研究結果得知，自我實踐與人群接觸偏好皆對於科技接受模型當中的認知有用有直接的影響，顯示出50歲以上的國民在使用網路時，會受到過去的購物經驗（與人購買商品）的影響，不過對於新科技保持積極學習心態的個體會有意願嘗試使用網路購物。而當個體感受到網路購物是省時或是省錢的（認知有用）、認為操作是簡單明瞭的（認知易用）都會提高消費者使用網路購物的意願。 此外，消費者對於在網路購物平台上付費是否安全以及付費之後是否真的能拿到符合期待的商品有疑慮時，會降低網路購物的意願，因此網路購物平台業者要重視並且消弭這樣的知覺風險，這同時也將會提升消費者在網路購物的動機；如同實體商店，消費者也重視與網路購物平台業者之間的關係，也就是說，當有網路購物平台業者提供的客服是良善的，在購物前、中、後都重視消費者的感受、照顧消費者，建立一個良好的顧客關係，不僅提升消費者使用網路購物平台的意願，更能夠加深消費者對該網路購物平台的忠誠度。 然而，在調節項寂寞感的作用之下，並無明顯的調節效果，本研究建議後續相關研究者可以針對此項因素的影響力進行質化研究，例如深度訪談法。實務貢獻提供網路購物平台業者對於50歲以上國民的行銷策略上，除了以折扣優惠吸引此一族群的消費者之外，也應重視消費者心理層面上的感受、並且提供完整的資訊及即時有效的客服幫助消費者解決購物問題，建立消費者在網路購物平台上的專屬資產成本，達到良好的顧客關係循環。 / The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of various external factors, including preference of human contact, self-actualization, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, shopping motivation, perceived risk, relationship quality and loneliness on consumer attitude toward online shopping and customer loyalty to the particular online shopping platform. We studied the relationship among the variations by using paper-based survey and the online survey. Our target participants were the people who over 50 years old in Taiwan. The data supports the following findings: if the consumer who has higher self-actualization would more likely agree that using online shopping platform to buy goods is useful. However, if the consumer has a higher preference for human contact will have a negative impact on perceived usefulness. Besides, to increase consumer's desire to use online shopping, we should notice that decreasing consumer’s perceived risk such as secure payment service and clear return rules and build a reliable customer relationship are crucial. That means, in addition to giving discounts to attract this group of consumers, online shopping platform company should also pay attention to consumer feelings. In the end, limitations and suggestions to future studies were provided.

本文主要試圖回應傳統經學史論述中鄭王之辨此一議題。傳統經學史書寫中，或是以學派競爭的立場，或是採取鄭學中心角度，對王肅多予以負面評價。本文受到現象學思維啟發，試圖通過歷史性的追溯，重新梳理王肅形象的建構歷程。其次，透過重新閱讀目前傳世之王肅著述，以說明王肅個人的吉禮與凶禮主張，進而分析具體的禮文儀節，歸納出王肅禮學義體系的義理內涵與特質。第三、藉由中古禮家徵引王肅禮說的相關記載，以觀察王肅禮說在中古禮家進行禮學實踐時，造成了哪些短期影響及長期效應。 全文共分五章：〈第一章：緒論〉主在介紹本研究相關背景資訊、研究目的與研究方法；〈第二章：現代經學意義下王肅形象的建構與反省〉主要透過統計《皇清經解》中對於王肅的評議情形，以說明乾嘉學者對於王肅的總體觀感；其次以「教科書經典效應」的立場，分析清季皮錫瑞《經學歷史》對於現代經學研究環境所造成的影響。透過上述二者的討論，藉此說明現代經學研究者視野下王肅形象的建構過程。〈第三章：王肅禮學義理及其時代意義〉透過整理歸納，以說明王肅吉禮凶禮的具體主張，藉以呈現王肅禮學體系的人間屬性。此外，透過重建曹魏皇權語境的脈絡化處理方式，說明王肅禮學與明帝皇權的互動過程。〈第四章：王肅禮學體系的擴散與傳播〉藉由中古禮家明引王肅禮說的表現，以試圖說明王肅禮說對於中古禮制發展與禮學實踐的影響情形。並進而勾勒後世徵引行為如何反饋王肅禮說內涵。〈第五章：結論〉除了總結各章所得、研究缺失外，更試圖彰顯「擴散與傳播」的研究立場對中國古代（經）禮學研究具有哪些價值與意義。

政府入口網站含蓋了眾多提供公共服務的網站，讓民眾或企業進行相關業務的辦理、資訊的查詢以及進行交易等行為。全國或是全球需要使用到政府服務，例如政府採購等之使用者皆是政府入口網站之服務對象。因此政府網站在資料流量含量方面較之於一般商業網站更為可觀，亦包含了電子商務性質。在此狀況下，政府角色亦已逐漸從管制調適為服務。就政府體策略或執行計畫而言，實施知識管理除可使行政單位的工作效率提昇，行政流程時間縮短，更可避免重覆錯誤及誤判訊息之可能。 　　本研究主要以行政院公共工程委員會目前所推行之『政府採購電子化』計畫為研究對象，冀於對未來五年能達到政府採購作業全面電子化提出建議。本研究之目標係分析研擬「政府電子採購入口網站」之關鍵成功因素，從而由「政府採購電子化」計畫現行系統歸納出具綜效之整合型「政府電子採購入口網站」功能架構，其工作內容如下： 　　1. 歸納、分析現行各系統及政府採購法推動之問題。 　　2. 瞭解國內政府入口網站之推動情形，分析企業資訊入口網站解決方案現況。 　　3. 利用分析層級程序法（Analytic Hierarchy Process，簡稱ＡＨＰ）歸納出三分類專家，包括工程會內部專家、公部門專家、產業界及學界專家所認為的「政府電子採購入口網站」之關鍵成功因素，同時也分析資訊職務與非資訊職務專家觀點之相異點。 　　4. 根據歸納出來之關鍵成功因素與內部需求，提出具建設性之「政府電子採購入口網站」功能架構雛形，建議工程會推動「政府採購入口網站」提供之功能依據。 　　本研究AHP法研究結果如下： 　　1. 本研究中之各類專家一般認為內在因素比外在環境因素之權重大。 　　2. 第三層關鍵成功因素包括知識管理機制之健全化、政策及法制配合度、使用者服務機制、資訊系統與營運。整體而言，工程會內部專家與產業界及學界專家兩類專家較重視政策及法制配合度構面因素，而公部門專家比較重視資訊系統與營運構面因素。資訊職務專家較重視政策及法制配合度構面因素，非資訊職務專家比較重視資訊系統與營運構面因素。 　　3. 整體最底層關鍵成功因素排名前七項分別為高階長官的參與和支持並訂定明確的目標、即時配合實際狀況，修正、鬆綁法規、充裕的資源配合、提昇法令約束力之效力、提供快速回應問題之機制、介面具親和力、操作流程循序簡單、提供高度的可靠性與穩定性。 　　本研究最後逐一對專家深入訪談、工程會需求訪談、企業資訊入口網站解決方案及關鍵成功因素AHP之分析等結果提出結論與建議。 / An e-Government Portal should integrates numerous websites that offer public service, and provides individuals or enterprises with a platform for trafficking, searching information, and conducting transactions. Thus, all the users, that need to access government service and government procurement information, are potential customers of the e-Government Portal website. Hence, the e-Government Portal website, with e-Commerce quality, has more enormous data flow and database contents in comparison with simple e-Commerce sites. Last but not least, the role of e-Government Portal website is turned gradually into a service provider from its simple transition role of inspection. 　　From government's strategic aspect, actions regarding knowledge management can not only improve the efficiency and streamline the administrative procedures, but also avoid the crisis of repeating failures and misleadings of messages. 　　The object of this research is the Electronic Procurement Plan, which was established and promoted by the Public Construction Commission (PCC) of The Executive Yuan, R.O.C. The goal of the Electronic Procurement Plan is to accomplish the electronic commerce of the government procurement entirely in five years. This study aims to find out the critical success factors (CSF) for the Government Electronic Procurement Portal Website, and to carry out a functional architecture for the synergic Government Electronic Procurement Portal Website via the following working packages : 　　1. to analyze and formulate the problems of promoting the electronic government procurement system and the government procurement law. 　　2. to discuss the ongoing domestic promotion programs of the e-Government Portal websites and analyze the status quo cases of the Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) solution. 　　3. to analyze and compare the critical success factors of the Government Electronic Procurement Portal Website of various expert viewpoints through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The experts come from the PCC internal public servants, public servants from other government agencies as well as industrialists and scholars. On the other hand, the different viewpoints between the IT background experts and non-IT background experts are also compared. 　　4. to summarize constitutive functional architecture for the Government Electronic Procurement Portal Website according to the resulted CSF and the PCC internal requirements. 　　The results of AHP analysis can be stated as following: 　　1. The internal factors outweigh external factors. 　　2. The third-level of factors of AHP architecture includes the solidity of knowledge management, the compatibility of policies and laws, the user service mechanism and the information systems and operations. Generally, the PCC internal public servants, industrialists and scholars pay more attention to the compatibility of policies and laws than the other public servants that put a lot of emphasis on the information systems and operations. The IT background experts value the compatibility of policies and laws, whereas the non-IT background experts emphasize the information systems and operations. 　　3. The top seven priority factors of the rock-bottom level factors include the involvements and endorsements of the top executives and establish the clear goals, the instantaneous emendation and relaxation of the laws, the compatibility of abundant resource, the effectiveness of promoting the law's constraint force, friendly interface and easily sequential operation flow and high reliability and stability. 　　At last, this research leads to the conclusions and suggestions in regard to in-depth experts interviews，PCC internal requirement investigations, EIP solutions and the AHP CSF analysis.