Soundclash is a phenomenon where groups within the culture of reggae music “battle” against each other, through strategies including both music and rhetoric. The social interaction in the clash exemplifies the scene hierarchy, in which the participants aim to position themselves as number one. This study includes empirical material from a competition within the Swedish scene, also distributed digitally via Internet sites. The analysis is based on discursive psychology, focusing on rhetoric and the construction of meaning. The thesis emphasize how different truth claims are made, which relate to social positions as well as places within the international community. / Soundclash är ett fenomen där grupper inom reggaescenen tävlar mot varandra genom musik och retoriska strategier. I sina tal förs olika argument fram, vilka syftar att positionera grupper högst upp i scenens hierarki. Materialet utgörs av en svensk tävling inom detta fält, vilken även distribuerats i digital form genom Internet. Uppsatsen utgår från ett diskurspsykologiskt perspektiv, där språklig praktik och meningsskapande står i fokus. Uppsatsen visar hur olika anspråk görs, vilka relaterar till olika sociala positioneringar, likväl som till en plats inom en större internationell gemenskap.

Our western society and lifestyle is to a considerable extent depended on the way we perceive and treat our co-existing non-human species. Industrial farming, vivisection, sports, circuses etcetera are just a few examples of how human use and exploit animal bodies for own gain. A phenomenon that in many ways, is perceived, as natural and normal, and therefore seldom discussed. The thesis purpose is to problematize this phenomenon by examine, what I call “The Speciesism Gaze”, through analysis of posters that promote animal rights, selected online, through the search domain Google. The theoretical framework used, are theories focusing on intersectionality, derived within postcolonial-, eco-critical and new materialist feminism. A brief introduction of animal right movements, its linking to feminism activism and theories derived within affect theory is presented as background for the analysis. As method, I use critical discourse analysis, focusing on intertextuality of the posters context. Asking what discourses emerge, challenging the anthropocentric and androcentric western dualistic hierarchy, whilst displaying mutually reinforced structures of sexism, racism and speciesism? I discuss the western historical and cultural human idea that the human species is separated from nature and animal, and where the “right” human subject standard is perceived as male, white, heterosexual and western in the Anthropocene age. I found that, this standard is displayed, played on, and questioned in the posters selected, in relation to animal materiality, grievability, killability, species necropolitics, sexism and racism. I discuss in my conclusion that oppression based on speciesism is not a power relation discussed in society today to the same extent as expressions of sexism and racism are. It is however an oppression that we all take part in every day and that affect all of us, despite species belonging. In that context, I hope the theorization and meaning of the speciesism gaze will have significance within the field of feminist theorizations and practices.

Våld i nära relationer är ett stort folkhälsoproblem som orsakar ohälsa hos de personer som är eller varit utsatt för våld. Det kan vara svårt för den våldsutsatta att förstå situationen den befinner sig i och att söka hjälp från samhället. I vissa former av relationer, som exempelvis relationer där den våldsutsatta är beroende av våldsutövaren kan det vara extra svårt att söka stöd och hjälp från samhället. Socialtjänsten ansvarar för det lokala arbetet mot våld i nära relationer. Studiens syfte var att studera socialtjänstpersonalens erfarenheter från att arbeta med personer som utsatts för våld i nära relationer. Urvalet för studien var socialtjänstpersonal som arbetar med stödsamtal i Mellansverige. Datainsamlingen bestod av semi-strukturerade intervjuer som har analyserats enligt Elo och Kyngäs innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att stödsamtalen är individanpassade till personer som söker stöd, men det finns svårigheter att bemöta vissa grupper av våldsutsatthet. Exempelvis funktionsnedsatta, barn, missbrukare och hedersrelaterat våld. Socialtjänstpersonalen upplevs vara i behov av en tvärsektoriell samverkan med bredare kunskap om våld i nära relationer för att tillsammans kunna stödja våldsutsatta grupper i samhället. / Violence in close relationships is a major public health problem that causes ill-health in people who are or have been subjected to violence. It can be difficult for a victim of violence to understand the situation in which it is located and to seek help from society. In some forms of relationships, such as relationships where the victims of violence depend on the violent practitioner, it may be particularly difficult to seek support and help from society. The social service is responsible for the local work against violence in close relationships. The aim of the current study was to investigate social services workers experience from working with people who have been exposed in violence in close relationships. The sample for the study was social services workers working on counselling in central Sweden. The data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews that have been analyzed according to Elo and Kyngäs content analysis. The results show that counselling is individualized for people seeking support, but there is difficulty in responding to certain groups of violent vulnerability. For example, disabled, children, addicts and honor related violence. The present study found that social services workers are perceived to be in need of cross-sectoral cooperation with increased knowledge of close-relationships violence, in order to reach all violent exposed groups in society.

This study examines intersectionality and identity in rapper Jermaine Lamarr Cole’s studio album 4 Your Eyez Only. Through discourse analysis, the essay studies the representation of aspects of identity in the album, with a focus on gender, race, class and sexuality. The study also examines prosthetic memory in the album, with the intention of finding correlating narratives that create a general concensus of how society is viewed from marginalised groups in the US. The findings conclude that gender, race and class are expressed as the main buildingblocks for a characters identity in the album. It is telling that sexuality remains untouched in this regard. The reader is exclusively exposed to the normative heterosexual perspective, completely ignoring any notion of varied sexual orientations. Furthermore the findings conclude that J. Cole showcases a generally negative view on the govornment, as it is percieved as one of many instances keeping marginalised groups at the bottom of a societal foodchain

Stand-up comedy has become increasingly popular in Sweden in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The jokes of stand-up comedians are reflections of contemporary cultural notions and discourses. Stand-up comedy can also be seen as a form a cultural free zone where one is allowed to express oneself in ways that are not possible in other public contexts. In this study I am investigating how Swedish stand-up comedians relate to cultural notions about gender, sexuality, ethnicity/race, places, age, disabilities, social class and mental illness. By applying an intersectional perspective I am able to show how various power structures can interact and strengthen each other. The main empirical material consists of three observations at different stand-up comedy clubs and four interviews with stand-up comedians. By using cultural analysis as an analysis method I am showing how stand-up comedy both reflects and is affected by larger structural patterns and discourses in society. My analysis shows that stand-up comedians are both reproducing and challenging normative cultural notions. A variety of theoretical concepts are used to analyse how standup comedians are joking about prevailing cultural notions. For example am I using gender theories to analyse jokes about notions of gender and sexuality while postcolonial concepts as well as theories about racification are applied in the analysis of jokes connected to cultural notions about race and ethnicity. In some of the jokes different cultural notions are intertwined. Furthermore I am analysing how the stand-up comedians are reflecting over what they are allowed to joke about, depending on their own background and experiences as well as how they are relating to different discourses. Stand-up comedy is still dominated by a masculine discourse that has only recently been challenged by a feminist discourse, which stand-up comedians relate to in different ways. How stand-up comedians navigate between political correctness and the discourse that comedians should be able to joke about everything is also part of my investigation. Finally, I am analysing different comic strategies used by the stand-up comedians in their performances, which affect how they are joking about various cultural notions. Some comedians are joking about themselves in a self-deprecatory way while others invites the audience to join the perspective of an assumed normative community to make jokes about what makes other groups different.

Skolan ska genomsyras av ett jämställdhetsperspektiv. Granskningar visar dock att det finns brister i skolors jämställdhetsarbete och det finns en rad jämställdhetsproblem i skolan. Många av problemen kan kopplas till könsnormer, varför svenska skolmyndigheter förespråkar ett normmedvetet förhållningssätt. Samtidigt visar granskningar att lärare saknar kunskap om just normer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka normmedvetna grundskollärares uppfattningar om hur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv kan genomsyra undervisningen i enlighet med vad som beskrivs i läroplanen, för att bidra med verktyg för hur lärare kan arbeta med ett jämställdhetsperspektiv på undervisningen. Studien utgår från ett normkritiskt perspektiv och består av kvalitativa intervjuer med sex grundskollärare som uppfattar sig själva som normmedvetna. Resultatet visar flera sätt på vilka normmedvetna lärare beskriver att ett jämställdhetsperspektiv kan genomsyra undervisningen: strategier för att fördela talutrymmet jämställt, reflekterande frågor för att synliggöra egna föreställningar om kön, förslag på övningar för att kritiskt granska normer om kön och etnicitet, konkreta exempel på representation i undervisningsmaterial samt tankar om hur gruppindelning och varierade arbetssätt kan bidra till jämställdhet. Lärarna utgick ofta från ett intersektionellt perspektiv, men en del lärare saknade kunskap om hur olika normer påverkar varandra. Vidare identifieras flera dilemman med ett normmedvetet jämställdhetsarbete: att synliggöra könsskillnader utan att befästa olikheter mellan könen och att normmedvetenhet tycks förutsätta en vilja att kritiskt granska sig själv, något som bygger på intresse samtidigt som det är problematiskt om jämställdhetsfrågan ses som en intressefråga. Därutöver diskuteras dilemmat att konkretisera jämställdhetsuppdraget för att bidra med verktyg och samtidigt belysa risken med att mekanisera jämställdhetsuppdraget. / The school system should be permeated by a perspective of gender equality. However, studies have shown that there are shortcomings in the work being done for gender equality; and the lack of gender equality manifests itself in several issues. Many of these can be attributed to gender norms, which is why Swedish school authorities advocate a norm critical approach. Yet, surveys have shown that teachers are lacking knowledge of gender norms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of norm critical elementary school teachers on how a gender equality perspective could permeate teaching in accordance with what is prescribed in the curriculum, in order to provide tools for how teachers could work with gender equality in their teaching. The study is grounded in a norm critical perspective and consists of qualitative interviews with six elementary school teachers perceiving themselves to be norm critical. The results indicate several possible ways of establishing a permeating gender equality perspective on teaching: strategies for dividing the opportunity to speak gender equally; reflective questions for identifying your own notions of gender; suggestions of exercises for challenging norms about gender and ethnicity; practical examples of representation in teaching material as well as ideas about how grouping and varied ways of working can contribute to gender equality. Many teachers were grounded in an intersectional perspective, but some teachers lacked knowledge of how different norms affect each other. Furthermore, several dilemmas of a norm critical gender equality approach were identified: to make gender differences visible without consolidating differences between the genders, and that being norm critical seems to presuppose a willingness to critically question oneself. This willingness presupposes being interested in the topic, but portraying gender equality as a question of interest is problematic. Additionally, the dilemma of turning the gender equality commitment into a set of practical tools while also acknowledging the risk of mechanizing it is discussed.

As the police authority moves to exploit its power, by using its advantage through individual police officers' initiatives, it will lead to serious societal consequences based on unequal power relations. Situations characterized by discrimination and oppression occur and are reproduced through intersections of power relations, based on ethnic affiliation, social standing, gender and sexual orientation. The purpose of this study is to analyse how this relationship between the police and the public are represented, reflected by the TV series Tunna blå linjen (The thin blue line), produced by Sveriges Television AB, SVT. Futhermore, the purpose of this study is also to analyse how the TV series relate to the criticized police practices, called into question during recent years. To attain these objetives, the TV series will be analysed based on the following question formulations: - How are power relations between the police and the public represented in the TV series Tunna blå linjen? - In what way does the TV series Tunna blå linjen relate to the various kinds of occuring criticized police practices, called into question during recent years? The material consists of seven selected image sequences, from which several aspects can be deducted. To evaluate and examine this material, a visual text analysis is performed, which includes text as well as imagery. The seven selected image sequences, retrieved from the TV series Tunna blå linjen, and the identified representations, illustrate the results of this study, that various kinds of situations characterized by discrimination and oppression occur. These situations are reproduced through intersections of power relations between the police and the public, based on ethnic affiliation, social standing, gender and sexual orientation. The results of this study also show that these power relations generate stigmatisation of individuals, a consequence which has affected each one of those being the subject of the actions initiated by the police, as the seven selected image sequences illustrate. The prasieworthy approach to problematize the police actions based on ethnic markers, which each of the seven selected image sequences represent, is not suffciently far-reaching, which is an additional result of this study.

The Swedish Police Authority aims to increase diversity among employees within the authority. This is asserted in the Swedish Police Authority's own policies and action plans, which together with other internal documents are the subject of my qualitative study. The focus of this study is to look at how the use of the concept of diversity has changed within the Swedish Police Authority by using qualitative analysis of ideas and ideological context, the perspective of discursive psychology and neo-institutional theory. The aim is also to find out what is missing out in the current diversity discourse. My study reveals through an examination of a selection of The Swedish Police Authority’s document that there is a discrepancy between the external discourses on diversity and the internal norms that are to be found within the Swedish Police Authority.

I denna studie är syftet att undersöka hur personal från behandlingshem för missbruk samtalar kring kön och sexualitet. Studien utgår från behandlingshem med inriktning på enbart kvinnor eller enbart män. I Sverige har homo-, bi- och transsexuella personer sämre psykisk hälsa än heterosexuella personer. Psykisk ohälsa ökar risken för missbruk och hbtq-personer har en ökad risk för missbruk jämfört med den generella befolkningen, varför det har varit av relevans att undersöka normer gällande kön och sexualitet på behandlingshem för missbruk. Det empiriska materialet, som har analyserats genom en kritisk diskursanalytisk ansats, har samlats in genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med personal inom behandlingshem för missbruk. I resultatet framgår att diskurserna kring kön och sexualitet till stor del fortfarande är heteronormativa, bland annat genom att utgångspunkten är att brukarnas relationer är heterosexuella samt i diskurser kring att visa sin nakna kropp vid övervakade urinprov. Resultatet lyfter att det kan finnas en osäkerhet kring bemötande av transsexuella personer utifrån vilket pronomen som ska användas samt på vilket behandlingshem en transperson ska placeras. Slutsatsen pekar på att det kan finnas ett behov av kunskap om det heteronormativa privilegiet för att det ska bli möjligt med förändring av ojämlika maktstrukturer kring kön och sexualitet. / The aim of this study is to explore how professionals, from health and rehabilitation clinics for addiction, talk about sex and sexuality. The study includes health and rehabilitation clinics for only women or only men. In Sweden, mental illness is more prevalent among the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual population than for the heterosexual population. Mental illness increases the risk for alcohol and drug addiction and people within the LGBT community have an increased risk of addiction than the rest of the population, thus it is of relevance to explore norms regarding gender and sexuality in rehabilitation clinics. The empirical material has been collected via ten semi-structured interviews with professionals of health and rehabilitation clinics for addiction. The result indicates that the discourses regarding sex and sexuality still in many ways are heteronormative and it shows among others by the assumptions that the relationships of the clients are heterosexual. It also shows when it is assumed that the clients are cis in the discourse regarding showing the naked body when leaving monitored urine samples. The result illustrates that there could be an insecurity among the professionals when it comes to use the correct pronoun when talking about transsexual people and in which health and rehabilitation clinic a transsexual person can be accepted for treatment. The conclusion indicates that knowledge about the heteronormative privilege could be necessary to enable change of unequal power structures regarding sex and sexuality.

In my essay, I will explore how, as a primary teacher in a leisure home, I may try to communicate the value base we are to convey equal to the central content. It is in the sign of measurability that the school is now in the approach we applied to the students, that they have also begun to apply to themselves and their fellow human beings. They place their intrinsic value outside themselves and on results and other measurable things. I want to be able to work for them to attribute to them a self-worth and a good self-esteem, regardless of their study results or other measurable things. They live and breathe and it should suffice to acknowledge their existence and worth as fellow human beings. The questions that underlie this essay arose because I felt that we lack a dimension in discussions about the school that can highlight how we as teachers work with motivation or self-esteem. After all, trying to get students to approach new things they can't yet and trust in their own and the common life is, after all, perhaps the most important thing we can work on. I used two dilemmas where the students in their everyday situations at school express their despair and frustration at not really feeling that they are worth living as they are. I will then, through my questions, try to find out if there is any way to find a better way to equip them for life and its challenges. I start from a hermeneutic perspective to emphasize the importance of self-reflection as an important part of being able to meet and deal with myself, subject and object at the same time. I have chosen to use Gert Biesta's thoughts on what functions are at play when we talk about education. He wants us to focus on what these functions do for us so that we can discuss what is desirable based on it and not by simply looking at "what works" and what can be measured. Together with Biesta, Hannah Arendt's thoughts on the active life helps me in my search for an educational look at education that values people as complex beings and not just certain measurable parts of us. / I min essä kommer jag utforska hur jag som grundlärare inom fritidshem kan försöka kommunicera värdegrunden vi ska förmedla likställt med det centrala innehållet. Det är i mätbarhetens tecken som skolan nu befinner sig, och det mätbara synsätt vi applicerar på eleverna har de även börjat tillämpa på sig själva och sina medmänniskor. De lägger sitt egenvärde utanför sig själva, på resultat och andra mätbara saker. Jag vill kunna jobba för att eleverna ska tillskriva sig själva ett egenvärde och en god självkänsla oavsett studieresultat eller annat mätbart. De lever och andas, det borde räcka för att bekräfta deras existens och värde som medmänniskor. De frågor som ligger till grund för denna uppsats uppstod genom att jag ansåg att vi saknar en dimension i diskussioner om skolan som kan lyfta fram hur vi som lärare jobbar med motivation eller självkänsla.  Att försöka få eleverna att ge sig på nya saker de ännu inte kan och ha tillit till det egna och det gemensamma livet är trots allt kanske det viktigaste vi kan arbeta med. Jag har utgått från två dilemman där eleverna i deras vardagssituationer i skolan uttrycker sin förtvivlan och frustration över att inte riktigt känna att de duger som de är. Jag kommer sedan genom mina frågeställningar försöka undersöka om det finns något sätt att bättre rusta dem inför livet och dess utmaningar. Jag utgår från ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv för att poängtera vikten av självreflektion som en viktig del i att kunna möta och bemöta mig själv som subjekt och objekt samtidigt. Jag har valt att ta hjälp av Gert Biestas tankar om vilka funktioner som är i spel då vi pratar om utbildning. Han vill att vi ska fokusera på vad dessa funktioner gör för oss för att på så sätt kunna diskutera vad som är önskvärt och inte genom att enkom titta på ”vad som fungerar” och vad som kan mätas. Tillsammans med Biesta hjälper mig Hannah Arendts tankar om det aktiva livet mig i sökandet efter en pedagogisk blick på utbildning som värdesätter människor som komplexa varelser och inte bara vissa mätbara delar av oss.