Due to the interest of starting a preschool with a scout profile in my circle of acquaintances I chose to write my report about how the scout method would work in a preschool. I did this by comparing the origin of scouting and preschool. I based my report on the following questions: Are there any similarities or differences with curriculum, education act and the scout method that can make it easier/harder to work with the scout method in the preschool? There are many theorists that have had influence on the preschool. Give some examples of their theories that could affect the scout preschool? What is the difference between a teacher and a scout leader? What would a preschool look like if you included the scout method in the daily activity? With the help of my literature studies I compared the scout method against the laws and rules to make sure that the scout method doesn’t contradict them. The result I came to is that you can work by the scout method in a preschool.I base this on that the education act is a law, the curriculum is a guideline and the scout method is the basic principles. This means that you can have the scout method as the basic principles of a preschool.

The aim of this essay was to gain a deeper understanding about how school employees interpret and practice school law regarding cyber-bullying that occurs between pupils on the internet. To examine this we used a qualitative method. We completed eight interviews with five teachers, one headmaster, one school welfare officer and one special educationist. These eight school employees were from four different high schools. In our interviews we found that the school employees thought it was difficult to define different concepts within the school law such as in association with the occupation and offensive behaviour which prohibits them from interpreting the school law in the same way. These concepts were what seemed to make the law unclear when it came to situations involving cyber-bullying. We also found that they regarded the equal treatment plan as their most important tool when working with cyber-bullying even though they were uncertain about whether it was practiced when a situation emerged. This because of the school employees´ discretion that seemed to dominate more than what the school law states in most situations when it came to assessing how serious a cyber-bullying situation was and how it should be handled. We also understood that the school employees required more discussions and education regarding cyber-bullying in order to gain a deeper understanding of how to handle the problem. It seemed that cyber-bullying was not a prioritized matter due to that the employees had a lot of other things to attend too.

Uppsatsens syfte har varit att undersöka skolans ansvar och skyldigheter vid fall av kränkande behandling och mobbning. Detta har gjorts genom att studera och analysera doktrin och lagstiftning, enligt den rättsdogmatiska metoden. Slutsatser har därefter kunnat dras utifrån uppsatsens innehåll. Det kan konstaterats att bestämmelserna i 6:e kapitlet har sitt ursprung i lagen (2006:67) om förbud mot diskriminering och annan kränkande behandling av barn eller elever och att dagens lagstiftning har påverkats av dessa bestämmelser. Skolans ansvar för barn och elever sträcker sig långt utanför skolans gränser. Vid kränkande beteende på skolan eller via sociala medier har skolan allt ansvar och alla skyldigheter att förebygga och förhindra att det fortsätter. Det är kommunen, skolans huvudman, som blir skadeståndsskyldig om fel eller försummelse i myndighetsutövning funnits. Kommunen blir även skadeståndsskyldig om omständigheter efter en utredning av en anmälan gett anledning till rättegång i mål om skadestånd.

The Swedish education system underwent extensive reforms in the late 1080s and early 1990s, alongside changes in the public sector. These reforms involved a transition from a centralized to a decentralized system, where decision-making was delegated to municipalities and their respective operations. The Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket) was tasked with reviewing the quality reports of municipalities and reporting their assessments to the state. The evaluations displayed multiple flaws in the municipalities operations, and as a result of this, the Systematic Quality System (SKA) was implemented as a regulation in the Education Act of 2010.  Despite some researchers and teachers expressing their opinions on this subject, there are still konwledge gaps regarding primary school teachers´ experiential perceptions of the Systematic Quality Sysstem and its impact on their work situation. Using the central concepts of institutional norms, decoupling, and path dependence from neoinstitutionalism as analytical instruments, will contribute to understanding how SKA with its rules and guidelines affects primary school teachers´ perceptions on the SKA.  Furthermore, the study examines how primary school teachers, acting as street- level bureaucrats, are influenced by the SKA in their professional autonomy. Employing a qualitative method, six primary school teachers from two different cities and schools were interviewed. By gathering primary school teachers´ experiential perceptions and analyzing them using analytical instruments, it demonstrates that there is no consensus regarding systematic quality system. The reasons for this phenomenon stem from differences in implementation strategies, local adaption, and contextual factors across different school operations.

Denna masteruppsats syfte är att vidga förståelsen för de förutsättningar som finns för att utbildning skall kunna vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet enligt skollagen från 2011. Detta genom att undersöka några av de diskursiva tankemodeller som kan finnas i lärares uppfattningar runt skrivningen och vilka roller som kan skapas utifrån dessa. Emperin har skapats utifrån två fokusgruppsamtal hos åtta verksamma lärare i skola och förskola och sedan analyserats i en diskursanalys. Studiens teoretiska ramar utgår ifrån Foucaults teorier om makt, kunskap och subjektets formande och Habermas teorier om kommunikativa handlingar.   Resultaten formar fyra diskurser; Kunskapssyn, vetenskap ses som utifrån en Klassisk kunskapssyn; Främlingskap, vetenskap ses som främmande eftersom lärare har ringa erfarenhet och kunskap av detta; Avståndstagande, lärare behöver inte befatta sig med vetenskap då den uppfattas som väsensskild från vardagen, som elitistiskt och som kan försvåra lärares profession; Möjlighet; det finns intresse av att använda vetenskap för att lösa specifika problem i verksamheten eftersom lärare ser sig som experter med möjlighet att utveckla utbildning i skolan. Undersökningen visar motstridiga roller; forskningsfrämling som upplever vetenskapen som svår, förvirrande och obegriplig; forskningsavståndstagare med en distans och ett förkastande av forskning; forskningsutövare där lärares egna initiativ och intresse hittar forskning utifrån specifika problem.   Diskussionen menar att lärares roll gentemot en utbildning på vetenskaplig grund är komplicerad och motstridig. Rollerna; främling, avståndstagare och utövare visar på utifrån Foucaults termer; subjektets underkastelse och motstånd och lärare kommer att förhålla sig till vetenskap på ett sätt som gör att deras självbild som professionell och skicklig kan hållas intakt, vilket kan innebära ett större avståndstagande. För att lagen skall kunna realiseras måste skolans styrning utgå ifrån läraren som utövare med möjlighet att påverka, inspirera och utöva inflytande i ett vetenskapliga samtal. Detta kommer att kräva att man ger lärare kunskap och verktyg för att kunna ge sitt kunnande en vetenskaplig form. / This master thesis aims to widening the understanding of the conditions that exist so education can rest on a research base and well-tried experience according to the school law from 2011. This through an investigation of some the discourses of thought that could be found in assumptions to the law. The emperical data have been created from two focus group talks with eight teachers working in school and pre-school and have then been analysed in a discourse analysis. The theoretical frames of the study come from Foucault´s theories on power, knowledge and the formation of the subject and Habermas´ theories on communicative actions. The results has formed four discourses; View of knowledge, where research is seen as  Classical view of knowledge, Alienation, research is something strange and something they have very little experience and knowledge of, Dissociation, where teachers don´t need to concern themselves with research, as they regard as completly different from the work-day and as something elitism and which partly despises the profession of the teachers, Possibility, there is an interest to use research to solve a specific problem in their work as they regard themselves as experts with a will to develop education at school. The study shows contradictory roles; the research stranger, who experiences research as difficult, confusing and incomprehensible; the research repudiator, with a distance to and a rejection upon research; the research practiser, where own initiative, interest and will find research to solve specific problems. The discussion means that the teacher’s role in relation to research is complicated and contradictory. The roles; the stranger, the repudiator and the practiser display the submission and the resistance as seen form Foucault´s terms, and teachers will look upon research in a way that makes that their selfimage as a professional can be held intact, which could mean a stronger repudiation. In order to make the law realizable the governing of the schoolsystem must emanate from the teacher as a practiser with a possibility to influence, inspire and exercise influence in a talk about research. This will demand that the teachers are given knowledge and tools to be able to give their ability a research form.

In Sweden, children residing in the country without a permit has had access to schooling since 2013. Yet, only a few people have taken the time to do research on the topic and evaluate the policy change that gave these children right to attend elementary and upper secondary school. This essay adopts an administrative politics-perspective to evaluate their schooling based on a goal-fulfilment criterion. The goals are then used as a reference with which to compare the real policy effects. To gather information about the policy effects, six interviews were performed with centrally given actors within Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The first goal of reference in this thesis is presented in Swedish school law and government bill; all children shall have access to basic schooling. The second goal of reference is that these children’s education should be equivalent to that of other children in the country. This means that they have should have access to the school resources necessary for them to fully participate in their education. Generally, one can see that the achievement of these goals is questionable in Uppsala municipality. This result can also be generalised to a nation-level, with the help of the Swedish School Inspectorate, and thus demonstrating that the issues with the goal fulfilment in Uppsala municipality is strongly dependent on the lack of effective nationally stipulated measures and strategies.

Detta examensarbete är skrivet med syftet att få inblick i hur svenskläraren implementerar värdegrundsarbete relaterat till främlingsfientlighet och rasism i svenskämnet, genom skönlitteratur, andra texter eller media. Ett delsyfte är att undersöka huruvida läraren tillämpar någon av de teoretiska utgångspunkterna kritisk teori eller critical literacy vid litteraturläsning eller studier av andra texter eller medier (Tyson 2003 och Janks 2013).Studien genomförs genom semistrukturerade intervjuer av fyra svensklärare verksamma vid en medelstor gymnasieskola i en mindre stad i Mellansverige.Resultatet visar bland annat att lärarna har belyst värdegrundsfrågor i direkt relation till främlingsfientlighet och rasism, genom skönlitteratur, film, aktuell nyhetsmedia samt diskussion, i varierande utsträckning: två lärare har inbegripit en större volym skönlitteratur och texter kopplat till värdegrundsfrågorna i svenskundervisningen än de andra.De kritiska teorierna har tillämpats av svensklärarna i undervisningen, men inte i någon större omfattning. / This thesis is written with the purpose to investigate and gain an insight into how teachers of Swedish Language Arts implement work with fundamental values related to xenophobia and racism, through fiction or other texts or media in Swedish high school education. One secondary aim is to investigate whether the teacher makes use of the theoretical approaches critical theory or critical literacy in reading fiction or studies of other texts or media (Tyson 2003 and Janks 2013).The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews of four High School teachers of Swedish Language Arts working at a medium-sized high school in a small town in central Sweden.The study shows that teachers have highlighted the value issues directly related to xenophobia and racism, through literature, films, current news media and discussion in varying degrees: two teachers have included a greater volume of literature and texts linked to values issues in education than others. The critical theories have been applied by the teachers in their teaching, but not to any great extent.

Syftet med mitt arbete är att undersöka hur några grundskoleelever ser på elevinflytande och sin egen möjlighet att påverka i skolan, samt hur denna möjlighet gestaltar sig. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta elever från två olika skolklasser i skolår sex på en grundskola i Sverige, har jag undersökt vilken uppfattning eleverna har om elevinflytande. Resultatet visar att eleverna räknar med ett väldigt begränsat inflytande i skolan. Min slutsats är att de inte har det inflytande som de verkligen har rätt till enligt Skollagen och Lpo94. / The purpose of my paper is to investigate how some pupils in the comprehensive school look upon student influence and their own possibilities to have any influence at school, and how this possibility takes shape. With the aid of qualitative interviews with eight 6th graders from two different classes at a comprehensive school in Sweden I have investigated how the pupils view the matter of student influence. The results show that they expect to have very limited influence at school. My conclusion is that they do not have the amount of influence they are entitled to according to Skollagen, and Lpo 94.

1 juli år 2013 trädde en ny skollag i kraft i Sverige. Den nya lagen ger papperslösa barn i Sverige rätt till utbildning. Detta gäller både om barnet har fått avslag av Migrationsverket på sin uppehållstillståndsansökan och om barnet lever gömt och inte sökt uppehållstillstånd. Idag har papperslösa barn rätt till utbildning men detta innebär inte att dessa barn har en skolplikt, utan det avgör barnet själv eller familjen till det papperslösa barnet om rätten ska nyttjas. Denna valfrihet leder till att flera papperslösa barn inte utnyttjar sin rätt till utbildning. Det finns flera orsaker till detta som exempelvis att många papperslösa familjer inte känner till den nya skollagen och att polisen de facto har rätt att omhänderta en papperslös elev från skolan. Då det inte existerar någon garanti för att den papperslösa elevens trygghet i skolan väljer många papperslösa familjer bort denna rättighet på grund av rädslan att barnet skall bli omhändertaget av polisen. I samband med detta har vi identifierat olika dilemman för lärare, dilemman som uppstår vid en sammanstötning mellan lärares yrkesetik och lärares lagstadgade plikter såsom anmälningsplikt. I Sverige har lärare en skyldighet att anmäla, om de misstänker eller får kännedom om att ett barn far illa skall de meddela socialtjänsten. Denna anmälningsplikt orsakar ett stort dilemma för lärare då konsekvensen av en anmälning kan bli förödande för den enskilde papperslösa eleven och dennes familj. För att få en klarare bild av lärarnas dilemman utförde vi intervjuer med olika lärare på Skånska skolor. Vid intervjutillfällena fick vi förklarat för oss att dilemmat med anmälningsplikten och skyddande av papperslösa elever är någonting som lärare fruktar. Utifrån Barnkonventionen, lärares yrkesetik, tystnadsplikt samt specifik skolsekretess kan lärare skydda den enskilde papperslösa eleven. Dock så finns rädslan kvar bland lärarna om vad som händer om en specifik situation leder till att socialtjänsten måste kontaktas. Resultatet av analysen ger en bild av att lärares yrkesetik inte är så stark som andra yrkesetiker, således kan lärare stå upp mot andra myndigheter och neka deras begäran om tillträdde på skolan. / July 1 2013 a new law entered into force in Sweden. The new Education Act gives undocumented children in Sweden right to education. This is regardless whether the child has been rejected by the Migration Board on their residence permit application and shall be rejected or if the child lives in hiding and has not applied for a residence permit. Today, undocumented children's right to education does not mean that undocumented children have a school attendance, this determines the child himself or the family of the undocumented child´s the right to be utilized. This choice leads too many undocumented children do not exercise their right to education. There are several reasons for this, such that many undocumented families are not aware of the new Education Act, but also that the police actually have the right to seize an undocumented student from school. Then there exists no guarantee that the undocumented student's safety at school, many undocumented families declines this right because of the fear of being found and cared for by the police. In connection with this issue, we have identified various dilemmas for teachers, dilemmas that arise when there is a clash between teachers' professional ethics' and teachers' statutory obligations such as notification requirements to authority. In Sweden, teachers have an obligation to notify if they suspect or become aware that a child is being abused to social services. This notification requirement causes a big dilemma for teachers as the consequence of a notification can be devastating for the individual undocumented student and their family. To get a view of the teacher's dilemmas, we conducted interviews with teachers from Skåne. In the interviews we got told by teachers that the dilemma with the notification requirements and protection of undocumented students is something that teachers fear. Thanks to the Convention of Children´s Rights, teachers' professional ethics, teacher´s obligation to observe silence and confidentiality that exists at the school, teachers can protect the individual undocumented student. However, there are fears remain in the teachers about what happens if it comes to the situation where a claim must be made to social services. The results of the analysis gave us that the teachers' professional ethics is not as strong as other professional ethics so that teachers can stand up to other authorities and deny their request for the entry of the school.

Many political reforms are currently implemented in the Swedish schools. The trend indicate that education in Sweden follows neo-liberal restructuring policy, that highlights assessment, marketization and surveillance in different aspects. According to the new curriculum LGR 11 the school head is the school's educational leader with responsibility for the school's results and development. The reforms put new demands on the school heads tasks, their responsibility and leadership. The aim of my research study is to investigate how the school heads experience andhandle this situation. I have chosen a phenomenological and hermeneutic perspective, that analyzes what the school heads direct their attention towards and how they experience meaning and context in their work with reforms. The analysis shows that the school heads have experiences about what the work with the reforms is about and that their own position and action in this work is very important. They have also imaginations about how they themselves and in collaboration with others in the organisation have to handle in this work in different ways so that the reforms can be implemented. In the reform process they even have a lot of dilemmas to handle in their local and concrete context, which is linked to the school's local conditions, history and tradition.