The global steel industry is responsible for 7% of the global greenhouse gas emissions and stands in front of big challenges when it comes to reducing emissions. With the Paris agreement as a basis and the recent legislations and propositions regarding emission reduction and mitigation targets, the industry as a whole is in need of clear and structured frameworks for conducting comprehensive mitigation targets and extensive action plans in their strategic sustainability planning. By analyzing how strategic sustainability planning in the global steel industry is currently used, a thorough literature study has been conducted regarding the current state of action. Further, a compilation of different strategic planning frameworks have been made to see how different frameworks could be summarized in relation to the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) in order to establish an exhaustive approach to climate action in the steel industry. By implementing such frameworks together with a backcasting method based on a modified mPB process called strategic sustainability planning process (SSPP) in this study, a proposed outline of a climate action plan could be made based on a case study on the steel manufacturer Ovako Sweden AB in Hällefors. A mitigation LEAP model could be conducted by integrating the backcasting method in the LEAP model and evaluated based on four constructed mitigation scenarios and the compilation of frameworks. Further End-of-Pipe technologies could be evaluated based on the results from the LEAP model and literature findings.  Based on the findings, it becomes clear that a uniting of several strategic planning frameworks is needed in order to cover the entire spectrum of functions in strategic planning of mitigation action. Further, the results highlight the importance and dependence of adapting to policy and technological advancement in the steel industry, and that few but rather substantial investments can play a big role in the transition to green production. In the case for Ovakos production site in Hällefors, the change of the ear-marked electricity contract played a big role in scope 2 emissions, where a decrease of about 68% was made by phasing out the use of fossil fuels. Based on the methodology and depending on the scenario, a reduction of production related emissions by 97% could be achieved. Further, the use of end-of-pipe technologies, emission mitigation is obtained as well as a potential for circular economy initiatives based on the residual products accomplished by the technologies. / Den globala stålindustrin är ansvarig för 7% av de globala växthusgasutsläppen och står inför stora utmaningar vad gäller att minska deras utsläpp. Med Parisavtalet som fundament, och de senaste lagstiftningarna och propositionerna rörande utsläppsminskning och åtgärdsplaner för reduktion, är branschen som helhet i behov av tydliga och strukturerade ramverk för att genomföra omfattande reduktionsmål och omfattande åtgärdsplaner i sin strategiska hållbarhetsplanering. Genom att analysera hur strategisk hållbarhetsplanering i den globala stålindustrin för närvarande används, har en grundlig litteraturstudie genomförts kopplat till den nuvarande statusen av åtgärder. Dessutom har en sammanställning av olika strategiska ramverk verkställts för att se hur olika ramverk skulle kunna sammanfattas i förhållande till CSRD. Detta för att etablera ett heltäckande tillvägagångssätt för klimatåtgärder inom stålindustrin. Genom att tillsammans med en backcasting metod baserad på mPB, som i denna studie kallas för process för strategisk hållbarhetsplanering (SSPP), kunde en föreslagen struktur för en klimatåtgärdsplan göras baserad på en fallstudie om ståltillverkaren Ovako Sweden AB i Hällefors. En utsläppsreduktionsmodell i LEAP kunde genomföras genom att integrera backcastingen i LEAP-modellen och utvärderas baserat på fyra konstruerade framtidsscenarier och sammanställningen av ramverk. Vidare kunde slutbehandlingstekniker (end-of-pipe technologies) baserade på resultaten från LEAP- modellen och litteraturstudien utvärderas.  Baserat på resultaten framgår det att en förening av flera strategiska planeringsramar behövs för att täcka hela spektrumet av funktioner i strategisk planering av åtgärder för utsläppsminskning. Vidare belyser resultaten vikten och beroendet av att anpassasig till politiska och tekniska framsteg inom stålindustrin, och att få men betydande investeringar kan spela en stor roll i övergången till grön produktion. I fallet med Ovakos produktionsanläggning i Hällefors spelade förändringen av den öronmärkta elavtalet en stor roll för minskningen av scope 2-utsläpp, där en minskning med 68% gjordes genom att avveckla användningen av fossila bränslen i elavtalet. Baserat på metoden och beroende på scenario, kunde en minskning av produktionsrelaterade utsläpp med 97% uppnås. Vidare uppnås utsläppsminskning med användning av slutbehandlingstekniker och cirkulära ekonomiinitiativ baserade på de restprodukter som uppnås genom de teknikerna.

This study examines the strategic utility of Swedish Special Operations Forces (SOF) at the political level. Utilizing Colin S. Gray's framework, the research analyzes how these elite units provide significant strategic benefits through operations in Afghanistan, Mali and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Swedish SOF enhances political decision-mak-ing flexibility and achieves strategic goals with minimal resources by enabling rapid and flexible responses to international crises. The analysis highlights the strategic value of SOF in supporting Sweden's foreign policy objectives and strengthening international alliances. Political discourse, reflected in parliamentary debates and official documents, underscores the strategic utility of SOF. This study contributes to the understanding of SOF's role in the broader strategic context, emphasizing their importance as a tool for political and military leaders. It also identifies areas for further research, particularly the military-strategic utility of SOF and comparative analyses of different operations.

In May 2010 the plans for Malmö’s new Concert Hall, Conference Centre and Hotel were announced publically. The purpose of this thesis was to present strategy for communication in order to gain approval for the new concert and conference center from the inhabitants inMalmö and to incorporate the use of it in their everyday life. Material from the receiver’s as well as the sender’s perspective has been collected from qualitative interviews. Through group interviews we have investigated the general consensus of the inhabitants of Malmö regarding the investment, placing, offered events, expectations as well as how they collected information. We have interviewed two persons from the expert group working with the project, in order to define a target group for the communication work and to formulate a concrete message. Finally, we have interviewed a person at Uppsala Konsert Kongress, to collect his conclusions and perspective from the communication processes surrounding the opening. The material has been evaluated continuously and analyzed  in relation to theories such as the Agenda Setting theory and Rogers’ Diffusion of innovations, explaining how individuals in a society react to an innovation. Our collected data has been put in relation to these theories, complemented by earlier research about image building and communication planning. Our analysis has given us a number of important values that will be vital in the communication process. The sender has to emphasize the variation in the events they offer to the public, as well as the fact that the centre will be a place for people to meet and exchange cultural values. The receivers also wish for these aspects. The target-group consists of all the inhabitants in Malmö, and has a wide diversity which puts pressure on the communicator to adjust message and communication channels according to the composition of the city. As a result of our research we present a strategy for effective communication actions, including the importance of face-to-face communication, feedback and media relations.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur stadsplaneringens politiska uppdrag eventuellt påverkas av privata konsulters deltagande i planeringsprocesser. På så sätt problematiseras tolkningsutrymmet samt det potentiella inflytandet över de vägval som den offentliga verksamheten gör. I grunden handlar det om att belysa ett eventuellt demokratiskt problem i en kontext som lovordar samverkan mellan offentlig och privat sektor. Målet är att identifiera om ansvarsutkrävandet kan säkerställas när aktörerna i dessa nätverk tar beslut i den offentliga verksamhetens sfär. Undersökningen belyser huvudsakligen en svensk planeringskontext på regional samt kommunal planeringsnivå. Därutöver ingår även exempel från Köpenhamn, Danmark. Fokus riktas mot frågan om social hållbarhet samt den offentliga aktörens hantering av allmänintresset i relation till social hållbarhet som fenomen. Undersökningen belyser hur social hållbarhet tar sig i uttryck i specifika planeringsprojekt samt hur relationen mellan konsult och kommun ser ut i dessa exempel. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer med representanter från konsultfirmor samt tjänstemän från kommuner eller regionkontor. Dessutom analyseras planeringsdokument samt slutrapporter i relation till de olika projekten. Det empiriska resultat antyder att social hållbarhet hanteras som en avpolitiserad fråga inom den fysiska planeringen. Potentiella motsättningar ser ut att ignoreras i ett sammanhang som strävar efter att lösa problem utan konflikt. Förekommande problemlösningar relateras framförallt till fysiska ingrepp i stadsmiljön där kommunikativa aspekter såsom medborgardeltagande och ökad samverkan är centrala. Alternativa förståelser och kunskapsfält ser ut att reduceras bort till förmån för vissa dominerande ideal. Resultatet indikerar vidare att konsulten får ett relativt stort handlingsutrymme i stadsutvecklingsprojekt med inriktning på social hållbarhet. Denna slutsats baseras framförallt på den offentliga aktörens förtroende för konsulten samt den ömsesidiga tolkningen att konsulten utför den offentliga aktörens uppdrag - som ett slags företrädare för den offentliga verksamheten. Allmänintresset försvaras i den mån att det politiska uppdraget utförs utan större konflikt. Konsulten levererar också utifrån den offentliga aktörens förväntningar. Däremot framkommer en odemokratisk aspekt där social hållbarhet inte ser ut att definieras utifrån en politisk grund. De aktuella stadsutvecklingsprojekten som sådana är förvisso politiskt förankrade, men tolkningsutrymmet för konsulten ser ut att vara relativt stort där den offentliga aktören söker stöd, expertis eller kunskap. Det demokratiska problemet i förekommande exempel handlar inte om konsultens förmåga eller oförmåga att tolka den politiska viljan. Problemet ligger snarare i att den offentliga aktören inte definierar social hållbarhet i relation till fysisk planering på en önskvärd politisk nivå. Det finns således ett behov av att den offentliga aktören stärker sitt självförtroende i hanteringen av ett ämne som förtjänar att tillskrivas en politisk betydelse. Så länge den offentliga aktören inte definierar vad social hållbarhet är enligt den politiska viljan kan allmänintresset bli svårt att försvara.

“You have to feel it in your heart - a case study of the employees perception about Umeå university, the internal communication and how the communication contributes to this perception”. This study is based on that deficiency is common in internal communication in a authority that consists of several different units and different occupational levels. In an authority there is variety of units, employees with different occupational levels, a hierarchical structure and laws and regulations that must be followed. Because of these characteristics, a clear internal profile might be of extra importance. The internal profile will reflect the external perception, the authority’s image. This study examines how the internal communication of an authority like Umeå University works. The aim was to find out the employees perception of Umeå University and what their perceptions of the internal communication are. The method to examine this has mainly been based on group interviews conducted with focus groups representing different occupational levels. In summary the interviews indicate that there is a common perception of the university's identity among the different occupational levels. For example, words like: young, wide, open and norrländskt. These words were not based on any official core values of the university but were brought up by the participants. Umeå university have a vision which all participants had seen before and recognized, "The University of Umeå face the future with boundless knowledge". But they found it hard to grasp the vision with related goals, they felt overall and difficult to apply in their daily work. The results showed that the focus groups believe that there are many different subcultures at Umeå University. One reason for the formation of subcultures may simply be that Umeå University is an authority and there are certain factors that affect the University's properties. Keywords: Internal communication, organizational communication, organizational identity, organizational culture, communication process, vision, subculture.

<p>In May 2010 the plans for Malmö’s new Concert Hall, Conference Centre and Hotel were announced publically. The purpose of this thesis was to present strategy for communication in order to gain approval for the new concert and conference center from the inhabitants inMalmö and to incorporate the use of it in their everyday life.</p><p>Material from the receiver’s as well as the sender’s perspective has been collected from qualitative interviews. Through group interviews we have investigated the general consensus of the inhabitants of Malmö regarding the investment, placing, offered events, expectations as well as how they collected information. We have interviewed two persons from the expert group working with the project, in order to define a target group for the communication work and to formulate a concrete message. Finally, we have interviewed a person at Uppsala Konsert Kongress, to collect his conclusions and perspective from the communication processes surrounding the opening.</p><p>The material has been evaluated continuously and analyzed  in relation to theories such as the Agenda Setting theory and Rogers’ Diffusion of innovations, explaining how individuals in a society react to an innovation. Our collected data has been put in relation to these theories, complemented by earlier research about image building and communication planning.</p><p>Our analysis has given us a number of important values that will be vital in the communication process. The sender has to emphasize the variation in the events they offer to the public, as well as the fact that the centre will be a place for people to meet and exchange cultural values. The receivers also wish for these aspects. The target-group consists of all the inhabitants in Malmö, and has a wide diversity which puts pressure on the communicator to adjust message and communication channels according to the composition of the city.</p><p>As a result of our research we present a strategy for effective communication actions, including the importance of face-to-face communication, feedback and media relations.</p>

Under kalla kriget fanns stora skillnader mellan den deklarerade svenska säkerhetspolitiken och det faktiska handlandet. Problemformuleringen lyfter frågan om även nutida svensk säkerhetspolitik innehåller betydande diskrepanser. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka korrelationen mellan proposition 2008/09:140 – ett användbart försvar och proposition 2010/11:111 - Svenskt deltagande i den internationella militärainsatsen i Libyen. Med utgångspunkt i ett antal empiriskt bevisade småstatsbeteenden som syftar till ökat inflytande och därmed, för en liten stat i Europa som Sverige, ökad makt analyseras propositionerna. Beteendena tolkas även genom två perspektiv; neutralitetspolitiken samt strategisk kultur och identitet. Slutsatserna som dras av undersökningen är att det inte föreligger några nämnvärda diskrepanser mellan deklarerad och agerad säkerhetspolitik så som de manifesteras i propositionerna. Kopplingen mellan nutida svensk säkerhetspolitik och perspektiven är tydlig om än med vissa motsättningar. / During the cold war, there were significant differences between the declared Swedish security policy and the way it was actually carried out. Sweden was not quite as neutral as it purported to be and maintained covert collaborations with the west throughout the cold war. This history of contradicting policies raises the question if contemporary Swedish security policy contains significant discrepancies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the correlation between the bill 2008/09:140 – a useable defence and bill 2010/11:111 – Swedish participation in international military action in Libya. The bills are analysed from a number of empirically proven small state foreign policy behaviours aimed at increasing influence and thus, for a small state in Europe like Sweden, increasing power. These behaviours are also interpreted through two perspectives: the Swedish policy of neutrality and Swedish strategic culture and identity. The conclusion drawn from the study is that there are no significant discrepancies between declared and acted security policy as manifested in the propositions. The connection between contemporary Swedish security policy and the perspectives are clear, albeit with some differences.

The rise of the social medias has changed the way organizations must think when itcomes to communicating with the public. No one really knows how to utilize the social medias in the best way, but many argue that organizations should focus on building relationships and being personal in their communication. Many also argue that the use of emotions in your communication should be beneficial. To test these thoughts, we formulated our research question based on previous research (Bruning &amp; Ledingham,1999; Lovejoy &amp; Saxton, 2012; Wang &amp; Zhou, 2015) that categorized organizational communication on Twitter into three different dimensions. In this paper, we study what dimension the Swedish football clubs in Allsvenskan primarily use for building relationships on Twitter and which dimension that generates the most response from their followers. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on 2461 tweets from the 16 teams in Allsvenskan. We used crosstabs, One-Way ANOVA and bivariate correlation analysis in SPSS. Findings suggest that the use of the dimension personal relationship in combination with pathos should generate the most response from Twitter followers. Further research is needed to either verify or reject the statement.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to bring a better understanding for how employees of PR- agencies describe a meaningful relation on social media. The thesis furthermore aim to bring further understanding about how employees of PR-agencies describe their strategies for meaningful relations on their agencies’ channels on social media. Theoretical framework: The chapter includes framework of PR and Relations, relations on social media and finally strategy to target audience. Method: A qualitative research method with a semi-structured approach has been implemented. Empirical framework: The empirical material is based on five semi structured interviews with employees of PR-agencies. The respondents obtain significant expertise of the topic, that makes their answers relevant to the purpose of the study. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that agencies pick their social media channels based on user base above all. Another factor is whether their target group uses the platform or not, but since the platforms chosen by the agencies were often market leading the answer is yes. An interesting finding was that informants spoke of channel adjustment rather than audience targeting. To build a meaningful relation with the audience the social media content were often based on personal and expertise aspects. The target groups were often described based on their job role, and not other social or personal factors. The informants’ descriptions of what a meaningful relation included varied a lot. Common patterns were that it included two way communication, that both parts would get something out of it and that the followers would feel comfortable commenting and sharing posts. Last but not least there was a goal that a meaningful relation would lead to some sort of business. Social media activity could lead to business if the relation was meaningful in the long run.

Dagens svenska arbetsmarknad är i förändringsfasen där tillsvidareanställningen inte är lika dominerande. Istället eftersträvar alltfler en mer flexibel arbetssituation vilket kan liknas vid att frilansa. Det har myntat begreppet gig-ekonomi som innebär att individer hyr ut sig själva på projektbasis. Trots att det finns en strävan efter en mer flexibel arbetsmarknad är det fortfarande många som söker en tillsvidareanställning men har fastnat i en tidsbegränsad anställning. De olika anställningsformerna har skapat debatt i Sverige och fokuserar främst på konsekvenserna för arbetstagaren. Syftet med vår studie är att bidra med kunskap om vilka konsekvenser tidsbegränsade anställningar har för organisationen. För att besvara vår frågeställning har vi valt en kvalitativ metod och genomfört en fallstudie. Vårt empiriska material består främst av intervjuer och observationer på en skola. För att analysera vårt material används teorier som beskriver organisationens uppbyggnad samt behandlar individen, gruppen, mellanchefen och den strategiska ledningen. Vår övergripande slutsats är att tidsbegränsade anställningar har en påverkan på samtliga nivåer i organisationen. Den tidsbegränsade anställningen skapar osäkerhet för både individen och gruppen vilket kan hämma organisationens effektivitet. / The current Swedish labor market is changing. Permanent positions are no longer as dominant and instead, many people are looking for a more flexible working situation, much like freelancing. This has led to the newly coined term “gig-economy”, which practically means that organizations contract with independent workers for short- term engagements. However, there are still many who seek a permanent position, but might be stuck in a temporary position. The use of temporary positions has become more common in several sectors which has created a debate in Sweden. The debate focuses mainly on the consequences for the individual worker. The purpose of our study is to contribute with knowledge on what consequences temporary employment has for the organization. To fulfill our purpose, we’ve chosen to use a qualitative method to conduct a case study. Our empirical material consists mainly of interviews and observations at an elementary school. In order to analyze our material, we’ve used theories which describe the organizational structure and which addresses the individual, the group as well as the middle- and strategic management. Our general conclusion is that temporary employment has an impact on all levels of the organization. The temporary positions create insecurity for both the individual and the group and it can hamper the organizations efficiency.