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從風險管理與犯罪預防觀點論保險詐欺之防制林秉耀 Unknown Date (has links)
保險詐欺是自有保險制度以來就有的問題,世界各國都被這個問題所困擾。因為沒有受到廣泛的宣傳及討論,加上執法機關的忽視、抗拒提供調查機能及加強追訴,所以在1980年代以前沒有被當作重大問題予以重視,一般民眾完全不知它的嚴重性,把它當作「沒有被害人的犯罪(victimless crime)」。然而保險詐欺隨時都在發生,而且範圍及程度日益擴大,已堪稱為「溫和的巨災(quiet catastrophe)」,不但影響個人經濟負擔,且破壞社會安定,因此本文就如何防制保險詐欺加以探討。
保險詐欺直接衝擊的是保險公司的經營穩定性與安全性,對保險公司而言是經營上的風險,因此從風險管理的角度,分析保險公司的實務運作,探討運用各種風險管理對策防制保險詐欺的可行性。經本文研究發覺以風險管理模式可以防制保險詐欺或減輕保險詐欺的損失,各種風險管理對策運用如下:
(一) 風險自承原則:對規模小、影響層面小的保險詐欺案件,列為「堪忍的詐欺」,予以承受,以節省相關的查證經費。
(二) 風險規避原則:建立「防範保險詐欺查核表」,在進行核保、理賠作業時嚴格查核,積極避開保險詐欺風險。
(三) 風險分散原則:針對損失頻率低、損失幅度大的案件採取同業共保的方式;對損失頻率高、損失幅度小的案件採取約定自負額方式承保,以分散風險。
(四) 風險轉嫁原則:約集保險同業成立相互保險組織,把保險詐欺所帶來的風險移轉給相互保險組織。
保險詐欺基本上是犯罪行為,要消弭犯罪行為可以藉由對犯罪環境加以有效管理、設計或操作,以及降低犯罪機會達到目的。本文研究發現推動「詐欺管理生命週期理論」的嚇阻、預防、察覺、緩和、分析、政策、偵查、追溯等措施,及「情境犯罪預防理論」的增加犯罪困難度、提升犯罪風險、降低犯罪報酬、削弱犯罪動機等措施,喚起全民共同防制保險詐欺的意念,可以壓制保險詐欺之發生。
嚴謹的法令規範是防制犯罪的根本,經由本文的探討發覺保險詐欺的盛行,除了民眾法治觀念差以外,現行法令不周全,讓歹徒有機可乘及執法單位強制力不足,亦是原因之一。修訂保險法及刑法,對於防制保險詐欺有很大的效益。 / “Insurance Fraud” has been an issue, by which the countries all over the world are perplexed, since there exists the system of insurance. By 1980’s, not much attention has been paid to this issue which deemed a victimless crime and the public does not realize how serious the problem is due to the lake of broad propaganda and the ignorance, being rejected to offer the function, and being refused to strengthen prosecution by the law enforcement agency.
Nevertheless, insurance fraud happens all the time and has already been called the “quiet catastrophe” because the range and severity caused keep expanding day by day. Resulting from, not only the financial burden of the individual is influenced, but the social stability is destroyed as well. Therefore, this paper probed into “how to prevent Insurance Fraud”.
Since Insurance Fraud would strike the financial stability and security of an insurance company, it becomes kind of risk on company’s management. This paper would be analyzing the practical operation of an insurance company and trying to find out the feasibility of Insurance Fraud Prevention by using various kinds of risk management countermeasures. By which, this paper discovers the losses caused by insurance fraud could be prevented and/ or reduced. The followings are those risk management countermeasures studied and applied:
A. The principle of “Risk Retention & Reduction”:
Sorting out those cases by loss amount scale. Smaller ones are classified & named as “Admitted Fraud”, and settled without verification in order to save the related expenses for investigation.
B. The principle of “Risk Avoidance or Hedging”:
Setting up “Checking List of Insurance Fraud”, by using which to actively avoid the risk of insurance fraud while carrying on the operations of underwriting and claim handling.
C. The principle of “Risk Sharing & Diversification”:
Co-insuring with peer companies for those accounts with the characteristic of low frequency & high severity in terms of loss exposure. As to other accounts, appointing an appropriate policy deductible level to disperse the risk of Insurance Fraud.
D. The principle of “Risk Transference or Shift”:
Establishing the pooling system or organization to transfer the risk of Insurance Fraud to the peer companies.
Basically, Insurance Fraud is a criminal offence, which could be eliminated and / or reduced by way of methods of management, design, and operation on the crime environment. It is found that the occurrence of Insurance Fraud could be depressed by:
A. Promoting measures of “The Fraud Management Lifecycle Theory”, such as deterrence, prevention, detection, mitigation, analysis, policy, investigation, prosecution etc., and
B. Executing the countermeasures of “The Situational Crime Prevention Theory” such as increasing perceived efforts, increasing perceived risks, reducing anticipated reward, removing excuses etc., and
C. Arousing the public the thought of fighting Insurance Fraud mutually.
A rigorous legal system is the base of preventing criminal offence. As discovered and presented by this paper, reasons why the Insurance Fraud has been prevailing are not only because of a poor sense of legal compliance of the public, but also the un-thoroughness of the current legal system resulting in offering ruffians opportunities to take advantages from Insurance Fraud and the in-sufficient power of prosecution of the law enforcement agency. Therefore, to revise the insurance law and criminal law would be greatly workable for preventing Insurance Fruad.
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銀行授信行為違背職務之研究 —以銀行法第125條之2為中心 / A Study on Criminal Liability of Article 125-2 Banking Act: Focused on Criteria Regarding Duty Violation of Bank's Responsible Person and Staff Member王芷涵, Wang, Chih Han Unknown Date (has links)
銀行法第125條之2中「違背職務」要件之解釋在實務上分歧甚大,當涉及授信行為時,涉及複雜商業實務與認定,則更顯難解。因此,於第二章中,本文自財務金融領域的觀點,提出授信的定義、種類與目的,分析授信之相關風險與風險因子之判讀方式,並詳介授信實務之流程、職責分配及規範類型,期能描繪出銀行授信行為於真實世界中的輪廓。在第三章中,本文自法律領域的觀點,分析銀行法背信罪之立法背景、與普通背信罪的關聯、各構成要件的解釋。並針對其中「違背職務」要件的解釋爭議,篩選出若干具有代表性的判決用以後續之分析。在第四章中,本文結合了財務金融領域及法律領域的觀點,提出了本文見解。首先,本文援引了德國學者Hefendehl的集體法益與累積犯理論,認為本罪的保護法益為「人民對銀行制度的信賴」,而銀行財產則僅為「個別累積效果的」明文化規定,亦即保護法益的中介載體。接著本文復援引容許風險之概念,主張應實質判斷個案之授信行為是否已逾越容許風險,藉以判斷是否構成違背職務。最後,本文提出了四階層的具體化判準,並指出在實質判斷風險之存否與高低時,應以巴塞爾協定提出的內部評等法,借 EL=PD×LGD×EAD 之公式協助吾人判斷,至於各該風險因子之判讀,亦應參考本文第二章所提及的若干財務金融知識,以做出最合於現實法益變動的判斷。
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由社會法律理論的發展探討校園網路規範-從功能結構理論出發陳蕾琪 Unknown Date (has links)
二十一世紀是個資訊快速傳遞與蓬勃發展的世紀,在網際網路的推波助瀾下,使人類在資訊的掌握與應用上更為便利與快速。舉凡資料檢索、電子商務、視訊會議、大眾傳播、線上遊戲、電子化政府,無不受到資訊社會深刻的影響;但在另一方面,網際網路也成了各種犯罪行為的溫床,諸如網路垃圾郵件、網路色情、網路智慧財產、資訊隱私權、駭客入侵、網路咖啡店的不當經營等等,不但影響現實社會秩序,更直接衝擊資訊社會未來的發展。
因此,層出不窮的網路問題使法律的立法與執行成了關注的焦點,這可以從近幾年的法律修正即可窺之,例如著作權法以及刑法的針對網際網路而做的相關修正,但是這些法律真能遏止這些行為的成長趨勢嗎?我們從歷年的司法案件調查中,可以發現答案是否定的。換句話說,法律並未如預期般的發揮它的功能,而且似乎也無法單獨依靠法律來解決所有問題,那麼是不是有其他諸如教育或是科技工具的應用可以配合呢?因此,本研究將把焦點集中在校園網路,來探索校園學術網路規範實際狀況,並且從法律社會學的理論做為研究路徑,探討目前校園資訊教育落實的情況,這樣的探討包括從法律社會學的視角,以及從現實社會實際狀況的觀察;並進一步反思校園學術網路規範產生現實與理想的落差因素。最後則提出其他面向的思考,做為未來校園資訊教育實施的建議,依序說明如後:
第一章 緒論
就本文之研究背景、動機與目的與研究方法加以說明。
第二章 校園網路規範相關研究
分別就目前網路法律教育、校園學術網路之管理、網路犯罪現況以及法律規範實行狀況加以分析。
第三章 校園網路規範之相關問題—從法律社會學的功能結構理論來觀察
首先說明法律社會學理論的研究主軸,並且就傳統法學研究與法律社會學研究、法律社會學派與其他法學派加以比較;其後介紹法律社會學理論的歷史脈絡,以此開始觀察功能結構理論。透過結構面、功能面以及法律功能的理解,進一步省思功能結構理論在個人價值觀以及法律文化的觀察。
第四章 從法律文化觀察校園學術網路規範
透過對功能結構理論的理解以及反思,本章從個人主觀利益的考量以及法律文化的角度來觀察校園網路環境。亦即從個人對法律主觀的需求來了解法律的目的,並且透過對歷史發展上法律文化的理解,近一步推展至網路時代的法律文化,並且延伸至校園網路的法律文化;其後並觀察校園網路社會默許的規則,以及提出社會學上新治理觀與對話機制的建立,透過對話溝通以及批判思考理論的應用,除了能夠帶動所有參與者間互動反思的機會,還能有效解決糾紛。
第五章 結論
綜合本文之研究心得,指出現行網路規範缺乏對個人主觀利益的衡量,以及校園學術網路法律文化的觀察,使得規範所能發揮的空間有限。在另一方面,透過對站規或版規的形成,以及網路所塑造出的複數主體交錯環境,產生一種新的自我驅動、自我維生的機制,反而能夠務實地解決彼此的問題。除此之外,透過一來一往的溝通對話,進而使得學生自己培養理性的思辯能力。因為透過參與者的意見交流,除了引發主體的自我省覺之外,更能據此建立一個全新的思考方向。在這樣一個「解構」與「建構」的過程,學生的批判思考、教師的批判思考、校方的批判思考都將引發出來,並透過「公開討論」的方式,充分展現交流的目的,使得規範得以發揮整合的功能,期能供立法省思及校園實務之參考。
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論人壽保險人之免責事由張筱筠 Unknown Date (has links)
近來,由於詐領人壽保險死亡保險金之情況甚為嚴重,使得政府及保險人不得不對人壽保險人免責事由之規範加以留意。而此亦為本文撰寫靈感來源。
故本文乃試從保險法及保險學之角度,對人壽保險人免責事由之意義及內容加以界定,進而於提出各國立法例後,探究目前我國人壽保險人之法定免責事由,並以人壽保險單示範條款為意定免責事由之中心,探究相關之法令規定。
對於人壽保險人免責事由之主要問題乃出自保險法第一百零九條及第一百二十一條,雖現行人壽保險單示範條款第十四條之規定亦源自於此二法條而來。然而,對於其中之爭議點,人壽保險單示範條款仍未加以解決。此外,本文亦兼論有關戰爭、內亂及其他類似的武裝變亂和核子反應造成之損害,保險人是否得以免責。
最後,對於前述之問題,本文建議除了從我國保險法第一百零九條、一百二十一條、第三十二條之內容加以修正之外,亦可從保險犯罪防制中心之成立,進行危險控制之工作。 / Defrauding death benefits of life insurance has become more and more serious recently, so the government and insurers must keep their eyes open about the liability exception of life insurers. This is also the inspiration source of this essay.
This essay tries to describe the definition and contexts of the liability exception of life insurers from the insurance law and insurance theories points of view. After bringing the cases and laws in different countries forward, the writer will proceed to the next step: to investigate into the statutory liability exception of life insurers; and then, to center on Model Provisions of Life Insurance Policy, studying the related regulations about the exceptions or exclusions of life policy.
The main issues of the liability exception of the life insurers arise from Sections 109 and 121 of the Insurance Law of R. O. C.. Although the Model Provisions of Life Insurance Policy S.14 also came from these rules, the main issues still remain unsolved. Moreover, this essay will also discuss about whether or not the insurers should be liable for the insurance events caused by the wars, civil strifes, other armed forces and nuclear reaction.
Finally, this essay suggests amending the Insurance Law of R.O.C., S.109, 121, and 32 to solve the issues mentioned above as well as establishing the Crime Prevention Center of Insurance Institute to carry out the work of risk control.
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論刑事程序中國家取得之偵訊自白陳昭龍 Unknown Date (has links)
首先說明,本文並不著重於法制史之研究。蓋刑事訴訟之動態發展,研究範圍仍應以我國現行刑事訴訟法之規定為主軸,其中我國實務呈現新舊見解交錯影響之狀況,相關的偵審歷史痕跡將於相關章節鋪述,並涉及我國歷年相關學說發展。
關於我國實務見解研究,著重於我國最高法院歷年來所做成的判例,並輔以2003年修法前後最高法院關於偵訊自白的判決、刑事庭決議,其中並納入相關的初級審、上訴審法院判決、座談會以及檢察署研究決議,比較分析我國實務界對於偵訊自白概念與判定證據能力的處理模式。之後並檢討我國實務見解產生的問題。
本文亦將分析我國學說對於偵訊自白的處理,尤其是學說判定偵訊自白證據能力的議題,嚴重受到實務見解「自白法則」之影響,導致偵訊自白的證據能力難以為有系統的說明。相較於此,本文擬從我國歷年修法之相關法制進行研究,並以德國、美國的現行法、判決實務、學說討論進行比較分析。其中在相關議題上,採擇歐陸法系典範的德國學說、實務論述、並及於近年我國刑事訴訟法修訂的法律繼受國美國及日本的學說與相關實務見解,部分並佐以筆者所知悉的歐洲人權法院判決。論述時尤著重於相關概念的說明,特別是在外國學說或實務引介時,探討其所所涵蓋之範圍,避免文義上之誤解 。
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從行政過程論稅務調查-以所得稅為中心 / A study of tax investigation from the perspective of administrative process with a focus on the income tax劉麗霞, Liu, Li Hsia Unknown Date (has links)
我國所得稅係採年度申報自繳制度,具有大量、反覆之特性,因此稅捐稽徵機關在所得稅申報期間之前,即已進行各種課稅資訊之蒐集活動,除藉此定出各類所得、費用標準,以作為核課依據外,嗣人民申報其年度所得稅後,即將蒐集之課稅資料與申報資料互相勾稽,作為選定事後審查對象及釐正申報資料與核定所得額之依據;當年度之所得稅申報資料及核定情形復又成為次一年度之課稅基本資料來源及比較對象,二者環環相扣,互為因果關係,形成一個獨立體系,而得以單獨作為研究之對象。次為掌握稅務調查制度之全貌,必須對其作全面性之審視及檢討,故本文採用源自日本之行政法學研究方法「行政過程論」從實現稅務行政目的之過程,歸納、整理所得稅事前課稅資訊蒐集活動及事後審查階段之調查手段、程序、屬性、相關人之法律關係、調查效果及其救濟途徑,以宏觀角度檢視現行法制下之稅務調查制度,藉以發現問題並試圖提出解決方法或修法建議。 / Taiwan adopts an annual self-reporting system for income tax return. Such reporting system involves massive and recurrent information. Hence tax authorities would collect all kinds of tax information before the annual income tax reporting period and use such information to set out the norms for different types of income and expenses as basis for taxation. Upon receiving the annual income tax returns filed by taxpayers, tax officers would check the filed data against the collected tax information, and based on the results, determine the taxpayers to be audited and the assessed income tax. The information contained in an annual income tax return and the results of assessment become the source of basic tax information and comparison for following year’s return. Hence income tax returns of two successive years are interrelated and can form discrete units for research purpose. In order to grasp the full view of the tax investigation system, comprehensive examination of the system is necessary. Thus this study employs the methodology of the “theory of administrative process” originated in Japan to examine the tax investigation system under the prevailing law in a macroscopic manner, from the process of tax administration, pre-filing tax information collection, the means, procedure and attributes of post-filing investigation, legal relationship of the parties concerned, to the effect of investigation and remedies available. This study attempts to discover problems, and based on which, propose solutions or suggestions for regulatory amendment.
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空間統計在研究犯罪外溢作用之應用張紹禕 Unknown Date (has links)
犯罪行為受到警力或法律執行的影響,會移動到鄰近警力較差地區。正如
Gylys所說:考量一個地區警力的多寡,將受到其他鄰近區域警力的影響
很大。Mehay亦認為:從實際經驗上來看,對於移動性的犯罪(如搶劫、縱
火、偷竊等),外部支配型式力量(如警力)的適當增加,將迫使其外溢(
spillovers)至鄰近區域。利用空間統計的自我迴歸模式,我們可以更了
解移動性犯罪受到相連區域自我相關的影響。即使相關性不高,在作了差
分之後,其主成分分析最大負載變數項,變化相當大。所以資料裡,如果
有區域自我相關的情形,就應該謹慎處裡。
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經濟犯罪被害人財產權保障之救濟--從憲法觀點論刑事附帶民事訴訟之修改方向 / The remedies for the victims protection of the economic criminal property right—the legislative revision opinions upon adhesionprocess in our criminal procedure code from the constitutional viewpoint黃士元, Huang, Shih Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
我國經濟犯罪之範圍,係由司法機關(司法院)與行政機關(法務部)
分別以作業性之行政規則頒訂,仍以侵害個人財產法益之金融犯罪為
規範對象。
就經濟犯罪所得,由於其性質屬於準不當得利之衡平措施,自應予以
追繳或抵償(再發還被害人或充公收歸國有)以修復正義,該行為只要
與法規範對立矛盾(即具有不法構成要件該當之違法性)即足,無庸探
究行為人之罪責要件。我國將犯罪所得規定為從刑,須待行為人(即
被告)受有罪科刑判決方能併宣告沒收,緩不濟急。
建議將犯罪所得追繳後發還被害人之個別法律,移置於刑法總則一體
適用,定性為強制處分,並將沒收、追繳、追徵或抵償自從刑之規定
刪除,另於刑事訴訟法宣示判決之條文增加發還被害人或得請求損害
賠償之人,且得由法院依職權或依檢察官之聲請權單獨宣告。
我國附帶民事訴訟受請求之被告,不限於刑事訴訟進行中之被告,尚包括「其他依民法應負賠償責任之人」,刑事庭法官遇有此種情形,因對渠等並無確定刑罰權有無及範圍之權限,在刑事訴訟程序的操作上格格不入,有仿襲德國刑事訴訟法第403條規定,被請求人應以刑事被告為限。
由於附帶民事訴訟規範之目的在避免雙重工作負擔及二次裁判,惟依
現行刑事訴訟法之規定,法官除刑事判決外,另需製作一份民事訴訟
判決,如此顯違反前揭附帶民事訴訟規範之目的;故正本清源之道,
乃無庸另製作一份附帶民事訴訟之判決,就犯罪不法利得,逕於刑事
判決主文中諭知發還被害人或給付若干金額予被害人。
被害人與加害人間共同參與之修復式司法近年來在世界各國實務及
學說均肯定其實踐層面之重要性,為具體落實憲法訴訟權應保障犯罪
被害人公平且有效的權利救濟途徑及程序主體性之地位,本文建議在
審理刑事案件之前階段即擴大強制調解及和解制度之運用,由被告及
被害人共同參與決定採取何種途徑最有利於促成實質修復正義之結
果,俾利被害人程序主體性之建立及擴大紛爭解決一次性之要求。 / Economic crime in Taiwan is defined by the administrative regulations of the Judicial Yuan and the Ministry of Justice, respectively. Such regulations are aimed at financial crimes that damage personal property. Because the proceeds of economic crimes are “quasi-kondiktionelle Ausgleichsmaßnahme”, the courts should seize the profits, and then use them to either compensate victims or confiscate them in the name of serving justice. So long as this offense is contradictory to criminal law (i.e. constituting the penal code and finding no specific legal cause for that offense), the courts need not review the problem of offender's guilt. As ill-gotten gains are stipulated as “Nebenstrafe” in the Taiwan penal code, the courts cannot confiscate those gains unless there is a simultaneous conviction, which seems too slow. The following suggestions are presented. The individual laws regulating “Verfall” and compensation to the victims should be reorganized in the penal code and characterized as “maßnahme”. The legal effect of these laws as “Nebenstrafe” should be deleted. The articles relating to the compensation of criminal proceeds to the victims should be increased as well. In addition, the courts should be allowed to announce verdicts either alone by its authority or according to the prosecutor’s request.
In Taiwan, defendants accused during the adhesion process are not limited to being defendants in the process of criminal litigation, but also include other persons who should bear damages in accordance with civil law. When criminal court judges face this situation, since it is not certain whether there is a right to impose criminal punishment, or what the scope of punishment should be, there are inconsistencies in the operations of the criminal litigation procedure. There have been attempts to imitate Germany’s Criminal Litigation Law Clause 403, in which the accused should be limited to criminal defendants.
The purpose of the rules on the adhesion process is to prevent a double workload and multiple judgments. However, according to existing requirements for criminal litigation, in addition to criminal judgments, judges must also make civil litigation judgments. This violates the aforementioned purpose of adhesion process rules. Thus, the way to rectify this situation is to create another adhesion process judgment based on the proceeds of crime, in order to assign restitution or to pay a certain amount to the victim, inside the main text of the criminal judgment.
Restorative justice, in which the victim and offender jointly participate, has recently been affirmed in its importance, both in theory and in practice, all over the world. In order to concretely realize the principle that constitutional litigation rights should protect crime victims, as well as provide fair and effective remedial paths and procedural subjectivity, this study suggested that in the stage prior to judging criminal cases, there should be expanded use of enforced arbitration and mediation systems, in which the defendant and the victim jointly participate, in order to determine the best course for promoting restorative justice, to satisfy the demand for victim procedural subjectivity, and to expand the one-time character of dispute resolutions.
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私人之現行犯逮捕─其歷史溯源、法理基礎與比較法分析 / Private person's arrest after caught in the act簡士淳 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文處理在國家強制力獨占的前提下,私人是否以及在何等情況下得以發動現行犯逮捕。儘管我國刑事訴訟法第88條如同眾多外國立法例,明文容許私人逮捕現行犯,惟並未區分國家機關與私人所為之逮捕;究竟私人逮捕是否應有獨立之規範要件審查,實涉及到私人逮捕之正當性基礎。
在各章主題安排中,本論文先介紹德國法之私人暫時逮捕與美國法之公民逮捕法制,呈現各國學理與實務論述之爭議問題;德國學界在深厚的法釋義基礎下,開創一系列極為精緻的辯證;美國當代公民逮捕制度承襲普通法系統,經過悠久的歷史演進,逐漸發展出獨特的公民逮捕法則,本論文透過歷史溯源之觀察,呈現法律與社會面向之交錯互動,並建構各種犯罪類型的逮捕法則。其次將藉由私人逮捕在各時代的定位,分析私人逮捕之規範結構與法理基礎;在當代國家強制力獨占之規範要求下,私人逮捕實與國家強制力獨占處於緊張關係。透過緊急權與容許行為等概念的提出,本論文從國家保護義務與工具價值的角度出發,尋求私人逮捕的正當性根據。最後本論文提出【差異命題】,認為私人與國家機關所為之逮捕具有不同的權利本質與正當性基礎,並由此產生實踐上之區別。私人現行犯逮捕法則應透過【相當理由標準】與【犯罪違犯命題】加以操作;現行犯與準現行犯區別之關鍵判準在於「在場要求」,而非時間要素;本論文並主張現行法所規定的兩款準現行犯認定基準並非獨立之逮捕規則,而是立法者設計的額外防護機制。
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論兩岸交流衍生之非傳統安全問題 / The Emerging Non-Traditional Security Problems of Cross-Strait Interactions蔡茂林, Tsai, Mau-Lin Unknown Date (has links)
冷戰結束後,國際社會新興的電腦犯罪、恐怖主義、非法移民、國際販毒、槍械走私、組織犯罪等問題,向為各國所共同關切。傳統安全係以戰略和軍事威脅為主,而非傳統安全威脅則來源多元、形式多樣,所呈現者又以各式跨國組織犯罪最為顯著。本論文以兩岸交流衍生之大陸民眾偷渡入臺、毒品走私、組織犯罪等議題來闡明臺灣所面臨的非傳統安全威脅,此外,尚須因應「國家認同」等源自內部治理之「內發性威脅」等「危機」。
非傳統安全問題具有向外擴散及向內滲透特點,與傳統安全問題間沒有明確界限,兩者具有相互轉化的特性,一旦非傳統安全問題失控或激化,可能被迫須以傳統軍事手段解決。故非傳統安全的範圍是動態的,難以界定,有鑑於兩岸交流衍生之非傳統安全議題相當龐雜,本文乃選擇對個人、社會、國家、國際體系等各層次皆會造成安全威脅的非法移民、毒品走私、組織犯罪以及恐怖活動等四項議題為主要研究課題。
當前全球化的發展潮流勢不可遏,安全研究的範圍究應「擴展」還是「窄化」,廣泛受到學者的重視與辯論,主張「擴展」之學者所持的理由是,許多非軍事面向的議題,影響並威脅國家安全至鉅,應該擴大安全研究的範圍。而傳統安全研究學者則認為,若將安全議題太過於擴大,將造成研究焦點無法集中,以及安全實質內涵空虛的弊端,故本論文將研究焦點集中於當前對我國非傳統安全具指標性之大陸非法移民的深層結構、兩岸毒品走私現況和未來發展、跨境組織犯罪、恐怖活動發展趨勢等課題,並提出因應建議。
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