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41	"Man är ju snyggare på Instagram än vad man är i verkligheten” : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om unga kvinnors upplevelserav Instagram gällande självbild och kroppsideal / “ You are prettier on Instagram than you are in real life “ : A qualitative interview study on young women's experiences ofInstagram regarding self-image and body ideals Hansson, Ulrika, Djurberg, Lisen January 2022 (has links) Sociala medier är en stor del av vår vardag och Instagram som social plattform används som ettsocialiseringsverktyg av en stor andel unga individer idag. Unga kvinnor visar en generellthögre utsatthet jämförelsevis med unga män när det kommer till risk för negativ påverkan påsjälvkänsla och kroppsuppfattning. Denna studie undersökte det eventuella samband som finnsmellan Instagram-användning och försämrat välmående, utifrån begrepp så som självbild,kroppsideal och objektifiering. Detta genomfördes utifrån empiriinsamling av 8 kvalitativaintervjuer av semistrukturerad karaktär med unga kvinnor mellan 22 och 25 år. Studiens syftevar att skapa en uppfattning om hur de använder Instagram samt skapa en förståelse för hurdetta påverkar dem. Till hjälp analyserades empirin med Erving Goffmans (1959) teori omintrycksstyrning, Tomar J. Scheffs (1994) teori om sociala band, samt utifrån ettgenusperspektiv med begreppet genuskontraktet av Yvonne Hirdman (2001) ochperformativitet av Judith Butler (2007), samt objektifieringsteorin av Barbara Fredrickson ochTomi-Ann Roberts (1997). Studiens resultat ger en uppfattning om att unga kvinnor ärmedvetna om de ideal som finns på Instagram, och är något som upprätthålls och i viss månäven eftersträvas. De normer, ideal och beteenden som är dominerande på Instagram följs, trotsupplevelsen av att idealet är medskapare av en osund kroppsuppfattning. Den makt somInstagram utgör, skapar en negativ självbild hos dess användare. / Social media is a big part of our everyday lives and Instagram as a social platform is used as asocialization tool by a large proportion of young individuals today. Young women show agenerally higher vulnerability compared to young men when it comes to the risk of negativeeffects on self-esteem and body image. This study examined the possible link betweenInstagram use and impaired well-being, based on concepts such as self-image, body ideal andobjectification. This was conducted on the basis of empirical collection of 8 qualitativeinterviews of a semi-structured nature with young women between the ages of 22 and 25. Thepurpose of the study was to create an idea of how they use Instagram and create anunderstanding of how this affects them. To help the empirical analysis was analyzed withErving Goffman's (1959) theory of impression control, Tomar J. Scheffs' (1994) theory of socialties, and from a gender perspective with the concept of the gendercontract by Yvonne Hirdman(2001) and performativity by Judith Butler (2007), and objectification theory by BarbaraFredrickson and Tomi-Ann Roberts (1997). The results of the study give a perception thatyoung women are aware of the ideals that exist on Instagram, and are something that ismaintained and to some extent also sought. The norms, ideals and behaviors that are dominanton Instagram are followed, despite the experience that the ideal is a co-creator of an unhealthybody image. The power of Instagram creates a negative self-image among its users. Instagram young women self-image self-presentation body ideal body perception objectification. Instagram unga kvinnor självbild självpresentation kroppsideal kroppsuppfattning objektifiering. Sociology Sociologi
42	Att objektifiera: en studie om självobjektifiering och dess effekter på kroppsuppfattning på kvinnor och män / To objectify: a study of self-objectification and its effects on body image in women and men Tidholm, Charlotte, Vafakhah, Sayeh January 2023 (has links) Tidigare forskning visar att självobjektifiering kan ha negativa effekter på individens kroppsuppfattning och leda till bland annat lägre självkänsla, ätstörningar och depression. Enligt objektifieringsteorin innebär objektifiering att betrakta någon eller något som ett objekt när det inte är det och att bedöma och beskåda sig själv utifrån någon annans perspektiv. Självobjektifiering kopplas i huvudsak samman med kvinnor vilket kan bero på traditionella könsroller och att mindre forskning har gjorts på män inom samma fält. Studiens syfte var att undersöka eventuella samband mellan självobjektifiering och kroppsuppfattning samt om det skiljer sig mellan kvinnor och män. Med hjälp av välbeprövade instrument, ett standardiserat frågeformulär och kvantitativ design har vi utformat en tvärsnittsstudie som utförts på det svenska företaget Folkspel i Göteborg (N= 113). Studiens resultat visar att det finns ett samband mellan självobjektifiering och kroppsuppfattning vilket stämmer överens med tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar också att sambandet inte nödvändigtvis behöver vara i negativ art, framför allt när det kommer till män då en viss del av självobjektifiering kan ha en positiv effekt på individens kroppsuppfattning. / Previous research shows that self-objectification can have negative effects on the individual's body image and lead to for example lower self-esteem, eating disorders and depression. According to the objectification theory, objectification means considering someone or something as an object when it is not, and to judge and view oneself from someone else's perspective. Self-objectification is mainly associated with women which may be due to traditional gender roles and the fact that less research has been done on men in the same field. The purpose of the study was to investigate possible connections between self-objectification and body image and whether it differs between men and women. Using well-proven instruments, a standardized questionnaire and quantitative design, we designed a cross-sectional study that was carried out at the Swedish company Folkspel in Gothenburg (N= 113). The result of the study shows that there is a connection between self-objectification and body image which agrees with previous studies. The result also shows that the connection does not necessarily have to be, in a negative sense especially when it comes to men, as a certain amount of self-objectification can have positive effects on the individual's body image. objectification self objectification body image shame control surveillance social comparison ideals gender roles objektifiering självobjektifiering kroppsuppfattning skam kontroll övervakning social jämförelse ideal könsroller Social Psychology Socialpsykologi
43	"I've been guilty of provocation but it's also just common sense marketing" : En studie av framställningen av genus och sexualitet inom reklamkampanjer i form av modefotografi Tedengren Brenner, Tova, Pastrana, Jesper January 2019 (has links) The purpose of this essay is to analyze the portrayal of gender and sexuality within fashion photography through a representational study of men and women in select Gucci fashion campaigns, Fall/Winter 1996 and Spring/Summer 2003. In doing so we also find specifics as to how artistic expression can manifest itself in the form of sexist advertising, this being through the sexualisation of fashion photography. The study commences with an introduction, explanation of its purpose, and a descriptive background of the Gucci fashion house and it’s then creative director Tom Ford, the material used and the public criticism it has received as sexist portrayal of women. The frame of the study takes form through the theoretical approaches of gender theory and postfeminism focusing on the structural order of gender, gender roles and the use of feminine pleasure within advertising. Moreover we base our study on the concept of previous research on male pleasure alongside its female counterpart as well as the male concept of power. The analysis is performed through the methodical approach of Roland Barthes semiotic analysis including the use of denotation, connotation and myth as well as a multimodal analysis with a chosen set of semiotic resources; these are primarily focused on terms such as gaze, actions, positioning and camera angles. The material in question is divided into three pictures from each fashion house, totaling a set of six pictures each analyzed individually and ultimately discussed as a whole. Our findings result in a significantly more diverse interpretation than the single result expressed by public, governmental and editorial outcry; implying that the campaigns analysed can, through the use of semiotic and multimodal analysis carry significantly different meaning depending on what pictures are being analyzed as well how it is analyzed and interpreted. As such our results imply significantly less sexist and more conceptually diverse campaigns than what they, and Gucci under Tom Ford, have been known for. Moreover we found that the portrayal of fashion photography can be used as a tool for masking sexual violations through the pretext of artistic expression. mode modefotografi modereklam objektifiering sexualisering makt våld mot kvinnor multimodalitet semiotik myter den manliga blicken femininitet maskulinitet representation agens kön genus sexualitet konst Tom Ford Gucci Mario Testino Media and Communications Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap
44	More than four-legged vehicles? : The representation of horses in Dragon Age: Inquisition and Star Stable 1: Autumn Riders Isaksson, Hanna, Wahlberg, Tove January 2021 (has links) This thesis investigated the representation of horses in the video games Star Stable 1: Autumn Riders and Dragon Age: Inquisition from an ecocritical lens. It applies the method of close reading to the game research field to analyse the representation of horses in video games and how that representation can be objectifying. The study finds that by framing horseback riding as the primary aspect of the horses the game design in these two games prioritises an anthropocentric view, where horses are modelled after their value to humans. This game design perspective can be seen in the lack of non-riding related behaviours, lack of non-rideable horses and in the interfaces and language use found in the games, as well as the extradiegetic horse call mechanic used in Dragon Age: Inquisition. Star Stable 1: Autumn Riders includes some game design choices that portray a greater feeling of subjectivity in horses. Some ways it does this is by modelling autonomy in horses by avoiding perfect obedience in riding mechanics or including player affordances related to the care of horses. The conclusion points to that by representing horses as subjects rather than objects game designers can encourage a game feeling of respect and cooperation in players, as well as the potential for future research of horses in games to study emotional game design. / Denna studie har undersökt representationen av hästar i spelen Star Stable 1: Autumn Riders och Dragon Age: Inquisition genom ett ekokritiskt perspektiv med hjälp av närläsning, samt hur representationen av hästar kan vara objektifierande. Genom att framställa ridning som det primära med hästar så prioriterar speldesignen en antropocentrisk vinkel där hästens värde kopplas till vad de kan göra för människan. Detta perspektiv kan ses i bristen på beteenden hos hästen som inte kan kopplas till ridning, bristen på icke ridbara hästar samt i spelens gränssnitt och språkbruk. I Dragon Age: Inquisition kan det även ses i spelets extradiegetiska “call mechanic”. Star Stable 1: Autumn Riders inkluderar viss speldesign som representerar subjektivitet i hästar, till exempel porträtterar spelets hästars autonomi genom att inte låta hästarna lyda spelaren till fullo samt att inkludera alternativ för spelaren angående hästomsorg. Studiens slutsats poängterar att genom att representera hästar som subjekt snarare än objekt så kan speldesigners skapa en spelkänsla av respekt och samarbete hos spelaren och att det finns utrymme för framtida studier av hästar i spel att forska om emotionell design. video games animal studies ecocriticism horses representation objectification dataspel djurstudier ekokritik hästar representation objektifiering Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap Gender Studies Genusstudier Sociology Sociologi Other Social Sciences Annan samhällsvetenskap
45	Everything is not Super Freaky : En visuell textanalys om hur kvinnor porträtteras i kvinnliga hiphopartisters musikvideor / Everything is not Super Freaky : A visual text analysis of how women are portrayed in female hip hop artists’ music videos Jakobsson, Julia, Kerrouchi, Lina January 2023 (has links) Porträtteringen av kvinnor inom manliga hiphopartisters musikvideor har varit i debatt och forskningens fokus länge. Denna studie ämnar att genom en kvalitativ forskningsstudie bidra med ett nytt perspektiv där vi analyserar kvinnliga hiphopartisters musikvideor utifrån ett genus och historiskt jämförande perspektiv med hjälp av en visuell textanalys. I studien syns en tydlig åtskillnad mellan två musikvideor. Lauryn Hills musikvideo Everything is Everything lyfter samhällsproblem och hon vill skapa debatt om orättvisor i det amerikanska samhället. Hill’s musikvideo har hög representation av olika etniciteter i videon och anspelar på musik som räddningen för den afroamerikanska minoritetsgruppen. Denna typ av användning av musik för att föra samhällsdebatt är inget ovanligt fenomen inom genren hiphop. Nicki Minajs musikvideo Super Freaky Girl objektifierar män, kvinnor och använder sig av självobjektifiering. Minajs musikvideo anspelar på sexuell njutning utifrån the male gaze och visar hur den kvinnliga artisten har tagit på sig rollen som hon har blivit tillskriven i decennier av hennes manliga kollegor. Studien ger ett nytt perspektiv på forskning inom hiphop och populärkultur och ämnar bidra till debatt om objektifiering av kvinnor i samhället. / The portraying of women in male hip hop artists’ music videos have long been in debate and in the center of attention. This study aims to through a qualitative study contribute to the research with a new perspective where we analyze female hip hop artists' music videos from a gender and historical comparative perspective using a visual text analysis. The study shows a clear distinction between two music videos. Lauryn Hill’s Everything is Everything brings society’s issues to light and aims to create a debate about the injustices in American society. Hill’s music video has high representation of different ethnicities in her music video and alludes to music as the savior of the afro-american minority group. This kind of usage of music to start a debate in society is not uncommon in the genre of hip hop. Nicki Minaj’s music video Super Freaky Girl objectifies men, women and shows usage of self-objectification. Minaj’s music video alludes to sexual pleasure from the male gaze perspective and shows how the female artist has taken on the role that she has been given for decades by her male colleagues. This study gives a new perspective on research in hip hop and popular culture and aims to contribute to the debate of objectification of women in society. Hip-hop popular culture objectification the male gaze music video Nicki Minaj Lauryn Hill visual analysis Hiphop populärkultur objektifiering the male gaze musikvideo Nicki Minaj Lauryn Hill visuell analys Media and Communications Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap
46	Den nakna kvinnan på hyllan : En studie kring kvinnokroppen som inredningsobjekt / The Naked Woman on the Shelf : The female body as interior design Clinton Svensson, Molly January 2022 (has links) The intent of this paper is to study the growing trend of depicting the female body in interior design and the creators behind them. The naked female body is a recurring subject in western european art, often depicted as an object of desire in line with the conventions and ideas of the time. A rising interest in interior design along with feminisms body positivity movement has led to a wide range of products on the market depicting the female body. However these products may not always be aligned with feminist values and could instead be seen as objectifying and upholding old art traditions. By looking at different categories of producers, the study analyzes the creators intention and how this affects the meaning and interpretation of the piece. The analysis is done using feminism, marxism, and semiotic theory as theoretical frameworks. Smaller creators operating on instagram, have used the naked female body as an expression against patriarchal views with an intention to portray the female body as naked instead of nude for the male gaze. The intention is clear as well as the presence of the creator in the handmade objects. In contrast, for big companies that massproduce through factory manufacturing the intention gets lost and the hands that create are left anonymous. This results in a different interpretation of the female body and a higher risk of objectification. Feminism Marxism The Female Nude Objectification Handmade Semiotics Massproduction Interior objects Intentions Feminism Marxism Nakna Kvinnan som Motiv Objektifiering Handgjort Semiotik Massproduktion Inrednings föremål Intention Humanities and the Arts Humaniora och konst Art History Konstvetenskap
47	Kvinnors förhållningssätt till kropp och ätande : om ätbeteende, kroppsmissnöje och ålders samband med den självmedvetna emotionen skam / Women´s attitudes to food and feelings toward their bodies : the associations between eating behaviour, body dissatisfaction, age and body shame Brocker, Ann January 2016 (has links) Undersökningen som är en korrelationsstudie från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv vände sig till kvinnor i en normalpopulation. Deltagarna var mellan 19 och 59 år. Ett syfte var att undersöka samband mellan kroppsmissnöje, skam och känslor, attityder och beteenden kopplade till ätande. Kroppsmissnöje konceptualiserades och mättes som missnöje med kroppsform. Skam konceptualiserades och mättes som body shame (skam över den egna kroppen). Enligt feministiska objektifieringsteorier lärs flickor tidigt att se sin egen kropp från en utomstående observatörs perspektiv. En del av de flickor och unga kvinnor som i kulturen erfar sexuell objektifiering internaliserar normer som objektifierar deras kroppar. Detta förutsätts kunna leda till skamkänslor och ätproblem. Eftersom kroppsnormerna är orealistiska är de omöjliga att mot-svara och misslyckandet med detta genererar ytterligare skamkänslor. Menopausen kan för många individer innebära mindre exponering för sexuell objektifiering varför skamkänslor kan antas minska. Ett ytterligare syfte var därför att undersöka ålders samband med skam. Resultatet indikerar att såväl kroppsmissnöje som skam är riskfaktorer för utvecklandet av attityder och beteenden kopplade till ätproblem. Kroppsmissnöje korrelerade starkt positivt med skam och det förelåg ett svagt negativt samband mellan ålder och skam. objectification theories self-conscious emotions body dissatisfaction body image body shape shame body shame moral eating behaviour bulimia anorexia age women cultural norms Objektifiering objektifieringsteorier självmedvetna emotioner kroppsmissnöje kroppsuppfattning kroppsform skam moral ätbeteende bulimi anorexi ålder kvinnor kulturella normer Psychology Psykologi
48	Naturligt farligt : Hur visualiseringar av klimatförändringar är laddade med tecken och känslor Jägerskog, Mattias January 2010 (has links) <p>The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between feelings and visualizations of climate change. A case study was done on visualizations of climate change from a web page concerning climate change published by the Swedish newspaper <em>Expressen </em>and from the American photographer Gary Braasch’s web page “World view of global warming”. The thesis is based on the article ”Emotional anchoring and objectification in the media reporting on climate change” by Birgitta Höijer. I have been aiming to understand the feelings of fear, hope, guilt, compassion and nostalgia through semiotic theories of icon, index and symbol.</p><p>Previous research has proven the difficulties in bringing the issue of climate change up on the public agenda – which is connected to the difficulties of visualizing climate change. The nature of climate change being slow and hard to spot on an individual level has been highlighted as a cause of both of these difficulties. Pictures and photos have in this thesis been seen as the “interface” between science and the public – and hence <em>decoders</em> of the science of climate change. Höijer’s article about feelings has been used to understand this process of decoding.</p><p>The results show that the analyzed material could be linked to and described by the semiotic theories of icon, index and symbol. The emotional anchoring found in the material and the semiotic application have been shown to work complementarily with each other, leading to a broader understanding of the material’s relationship to social cognitions. The results further demonstrated that context is essential in some of the analyzed visualizations of climate change. Generic pictures found in the material could have been regarded as icon, index or symbol of other messages – but is through its contexts anchored with feelings, and becomes visualizations of climate change. The analysis also suggests that if icons of nature could be connected with feelings – so could nature itself. The consequences are speculated to lead to objectification of nature and ecophobia. By objectifying nature and using generic pictures, the material’s relationship to the concepts of “truth” and “myth” is questioned.</p><p>In conclusion, understanding of the analyzed material is advantageously achieved through complementary use of Höijers emotional categories and the semiotic theories of icon, index and symbol.</p> climate change nature environment climate internet media Expressen Gary Braasch visualization images photographs emotions feelings fear hope guilt compassion nostalgia truth myth semiotics archetypes icons index symbol Höijer iconographic sign interpretant object decoding generic anchoring objectification ecophobia context klimatförändringar natur miljö klimat internet media Expressen Gary Braasch visualisering bilder foton känslor rädsla hopp skuld medlidande nostalgi sanning myt bildsemiotik semiotik urbilder ikon index symbol Höijer ikonologisk ikonografisk preikonografisk tecken interpretant objekt avkodning generiska förankring objektifiering ekofobi kontext Media and communication studies Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap
49	Naturligt farligt : Hur visualiseringar av klimatförändringar är laddade med tecken och känslor Jägerskog, Mattias January 2010 (has links) The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between feelings and visualizations of climate change. A case study was done on visualizations of climate change from a web page concerning climate change published by the Swedish newspaper Expressen and from the American photographer Gary Braasch’s web page “World view of global warming”. The thesis is based on the article ”Emotional anchoring and objectification in the media reporting on climate change” by Birgitta Höijer. I have been aiming to understand the feelings of fear, hope, guilt, compassion and nostalgia through semiotic theories of icon, index and symbol. Previous research has proven the difficulties in bringing the issue of climate change up on the public agenda – which is connected to the difficulties of visualizing climate change. The nature of climate change being slow and hard to spot on an individual level has been highlighted as a cause of both of these difficulties. Pictures and photos have in this thesis been seen as the “interface” between science and the public – and hence decoders of the science of climate change. Höijer’s article about feelings has been used to understand this process of decoding. The results show that the analyzed material could be linked to and described by the semiotic theories of icon, index and symbol. The emotional anchoring found in the material and the semiotic application have been shown to work complementarily with each other, leading to a broader understanding of the material’s relationship to social cognitions. The results further demonstrated that context is essential in some of the analyzed visualizations of climate change. Generic pictures found in the material could have been regarded as icon, index or symbol of other messages – but is through its contexts anchored with feelings, and becomes visualizations of climate change. The analysis also suggests that if icons of nature could be connected with feelings – so could nature itself. The consequences are speculated to lead to objectification of nature and ecophobia. By objectifying nature and using generic pictures, the material’s relationship to the concepts of “truth” and “myth” is questioned. In conclusion, understanding of the analyzed material is advantageously achieved through complementary use of Höijers emotional categories and the semiotic theories of icon, index and symbol. climate change nature environment climate internet media Expressen Gary Braasch visualization images photographs emotions feelings fear hope guilt compassion nostalgia truth myth semiotics archetypes icons index symbol Höijer iconographic sign interpretant object decoding generic anchoring objectification ecophobia context klimatförändringar natur miljö klimat internet media Expressen Gary Braasch visualisering bilder foton känslor rädsla hopp skuld medlidande nostalgi sanning myt bildsemiotik semiotik urbilder ikon index symbol Höijer ikonologisk ikonografisk preikonografisk tecken interpretant objekt avkodning generiska förankring objektifiering ekofobi kontext Media and communication studies Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap

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