De acordo com levantamento realizado pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo - IPT, os acidentes graves relacionados com deslizamentos atingem de forma recorrente um número relativamente pequeno dos 5.563 municípios brasileiros, girando em torno de 150 os que tiveram vítimas fatais nos últimos 17 anos. Os municípios mais vulneráveis localizam-se nos estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia e Espírito Santo, localidades, na maioria dos casos, habitadas por pessoas de baixa renda, tornando-se, por conseguinte, expostas a catástrofes ambientais constantes (inundações devido ao assoreamento dos rios e erosão dos solos, os incêndios causados por instalações elétricas problemáticas, deslizamentos de terras, causadas por encostas irregulares e descalçamentos, entre outros). A Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Cabuçu de Baixo é um típico exemplo do que aconteceu em muitas cidades brasileiras. É uma bacia em acelerado processo de urbanização, mas ainda em condições para o controle, se bem administrada pelos seus gestores. Este trabalho objetiva a criação de mapeamentos que retratem avaliação positiva das condições ambientais (que pode ser chamado de \"potencial\") ou negativa (genericamente chamados de \"risco\" ambiental). Estes mapeamentos, de alto valor agregado por se originarem, via de regra, de discussões e concordâncias entre profissionais das diferentes modalidades da pesquisa ambiental - geógrafos, geólogos, biólogos, arquitetos e engenheiros, em geral - passam a constituir um valioso acervo de conhecimentos específicos da área estudada; a combinação das avaliações de riscos com o uso atual da terra, a fim de verificar possíveis áreas críticas, ou seja, assentamentos localizados em áreas mapeadas sob iminente risco de ocorrência de inundações e desmoronamentos; o levantamento das áreas indicadas para a transposição dos assentamentos localizados em áreas críticas. Todos os procedimentos computacionais realizados foram conduzidos pela metodologia de Análise Ambiental, utilizando o sistema VISTA/SAGA/UFRJ para processamento dos mapeamentos, obtenção e validação resultados. O resultado final das avaliações ambientais realizadas produz um mapa classificado com notas entre zero e dez, onde as notas mais baixas são atribuídas às localidades mapeadas com baixo risco de ocorrências de enchentes e desmoronamentos. De forma análoga, classes com maiores notas representam localidades com ocorrência de assentamentos precários sob risco iminente de inundações ou deslizamentos de terra e desmoronamentos. Estes mapas são denominados como \"Áreas Críticas\". Também são conduzidas análises para o mapeamento de áreas indicadas para transposições de localidades situadas em áreas críticas. A sobreposição destes dois últimos mapas aponta as localidades indicadas para transposições de assentamentos sob risco iminente dos eventos analisados. Finalmente, em áreas onde ocorram assentamentos precários sob alto risco de inundações e deslizamentos, sem indicações próximas para transposições (áreas favoráveis à habitação), sugere-se a realização de investimentos em infra-estrutura (ex. Programa Favela-bairro) destes locais, a fim de evitar impactos econômicos e sociais para as famílias afetadas por este processo. Assinaturas espaciais também são realizadas a fim de quantificar as áreas de riscos mapeadas. Uma vez realizados estes estudos, os conhecimentos adquiridos, pelo uso do Geoprocessamento, sobre a realidade ambiental urbana e problemática da Bacia do Córrego Cabuçu de Baixo podem ser extrapolados, com as devidas precauções, para inúmeras outras áreas urbanas que possuam características semelhantes e enfrentam os mesmos problemas. / According to studies conducted by the Institute for Technological Research of the State of Sao Paulo - IPT, major accidents related landslides hit so applicant a relatively small number of 5,563 brazilian councils, turning around of 150 who had human lives losses in the last 17 years. The most vulnerable councils are located in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia and Espirito Santo. These locations, most cases, inhabited by low conditions people, become, therefore, exposed to constant environmental disasters (floods due to the silting of rivers and soil erosion, fires caused by problematic electrical installations, landslides, caused by irregular slopes, among others). The drainage basin of Cabuçu de Baixo river is a typical example of what happened in many Brazilian cities. It is a basin in accelerated process of urbanization, but also in a position to control, although administered by their managers. This study aims to create mappings facing positive assessment of environmental conditions (which can be called a \"potential\") or negative (generically called environmental \"risk\"). These maps are generated from professional discussions and agreement between the many kinds of researches - geographers, geologists, biologists, architects and engineers in general - are to be a valuable collection of expertise of the studied area, the combination of risk assessments to the current land using in order to check on critical areas, ie settlements located in areas mapped with imminent risk of flooding and landslides; survey of the areas indicated for the transposition of the settlements located in critical areas. All procedures performed are conducted by the computational methodology of Environmental Analysis, using the GIS VISTA/SAGA/UFRJ, processing mappings, obtaining and validating results. The final result of environmental evaluation conducted produces a \"Critical Areas\" map, presenting classified notes between zero and ten, where lower notes are assigned to locations mapped with low risk of occurrence of floods and landslides. Similarly, classes with higher notes represent locations where precarious settlements are mapped under imminent risk of flooding, landslides and landslides. Analyses pointing transposition areas, according to physical factors are also conducted, aiming to locate settlements under critic areas. The overlay of these both maps point transpositions indicated for settlements located under imminent risk areas. Finally, in areas where precarious settlements occurs under high floods and landslides risks, without near indications for transpositions (favorable areas for housing), it is suggested to make investments in infrastructure into these places, in order to maintain the \"roots\" of these affected families by this process. Spatial signatures are also conducted in order to quantify the risk areas mapped. Once these studies conducted, knowledge gain by the use of Geoprocessing, applied to the reality of urban environmental problems in the Drainage Basin Cabuçu, these can be extrapolated, with the necessary precautions, to other urban areas that presents similar characteristics and faces the same problems.

A common way to examine children's language production is to analyze their narrative ability, which has been observed in several studies in various languages. The present study aims to analyze Swedish children's stories at microstructural level (grammatical and utterance level) and macrostructural level (discourse level) and examine how these results differ between two narrative elicitation methods. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate if the results from Swedish and English speaking children differ between these two elicitation methods. The present study involved 40 typically developing children aged 7;0–8;11 years with Swedish as their native language from southeastern Sweden. The two narrative elicitation methods used were personal narrative generation and fictional narrative retell. During personal narrative generation the participants were prompted to share their own experiences based on given themes with image support. In the fictional narrative retell participants were asked to retell the tale "Frog, Where are you?" (Mayer, 1969). The participants' two stories were transcribed in the program Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) and analyzed at micro- and macrostructural level. At the microstructural level the following measures were investigated: Total utterances (TU), Mean Length of Utterance in Words (MLU-w), Type Token Ratio (TTR), Percentage of Maze Words (PcMw), Overgeneralization Errors (EO) and Total Number of Words (TNW). For macrostructural analysis the Narrative Scoring Scheme (NSS) was used. At the microstructural level participants achieved higher MLU-w, TTR and PcMw in the fictional narrative retell than in personal narrative generation. TNW and MLU-w correlated with participants' age at fictional narrative retell. The participants generated higher values regarding TU and TNW in personal narrative generation. Analysis of the macrostructure showed that the majority of the participants achieved higher scores in fictional narrative retell than in personal narrative generation. The results regarding the macrostructural level of the fictional narrative retell correlated with the age of the participants. Similar trends between the elicitation methods appeared in the English-speaking participants.

The main goal of this thesis is to explain the relationship of literature and computer games. The first part deals with the definition of computer RPG genre and literary fantasy genre. It considers aspects which leads players to play computer games and connect between the literary work and the computer game. It deals also with the experience: the experience of the game and reading while specifically dealing with the flow effect and concept of immersion. A central part of this work examines both media through narrative approach. Interpretation and literary analysis of The Witcher Saga by Andrzej Sapkowski and computer game The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt follows the specifics of the construction of the story in two different media through narrative figures (events, characters and space) and their possible modifications. Furthermore, it tracks purposes and methods for these variations and their impact on the recipient.

No description available.

Many recent studies confirm that the fantasy genre is based on ancient myths. Contemporary authors of fiction create new versions of myths, often using ancient “natural” and cultural symbols. Neil Gaiman is one of these tellers of modern myth. His works offer multiple possibilities for interpretation of well-known stories, reworked in a new way and filled with new layers of significance. Using Jungian archetypes as a prism for the analysis, this essay focuses on the possibility to relate the motif of the Triple Goddess, a triad of magical or divine female figures, present in many of the Western Europe mythologies, to female characters from Neil Gaiman’s Snow, Glass, Apples and The Ocean at the End of the Lane. Through a close reading of selected passages of the text, this essay exemplifies how Neil Gaiman uses archaic symbols and the motif of the Triple Goddess to connect his audience to the collective unconscious via manifestations of the anima archetype, one of many aspects of the collective unconscious. / Flera nutida studier slår fast att fantasigenren har sitt ursprung i gamla myter. Samtida författare i genren skapar nya myter och använder ofta symboler från gamla kulturer och naturfenomen. En av dessa författare är Neil Gaiman, en förmedlare av moderna myter. Välkända berättelser och historier får ett nytt liv genom hans kreativa stil och fantasi, fyllda med nya betydelser och tolkas ur många olika synvinklar. Genom användningen av Jungianska arketyper som en analytisk metod, fokuserar denna uppsatsen på att koppla den Tredelade gudinnan med kvinnliga karaktärer i Neil Gaimans Snow, Glass, Apples och The Ocean at the End of the Lane. Den Tredelade gudinnan är förknippad med en triad av magiska och gudomliga kvinnliga figurer, närvarande i flera västeuropeiska mytologier. Genom när läsning av särskilda avsnitt i texten, exemplifieras hur Gaiman använder arkaiska symboler för att koppla läsaren till det kollektiva omedvetna. Dessutom tydliggörs likheten mellan den Tredelade gudinnans personifikation och manifestationer av arketypen anima, som en av flera aspekter av det kollektiva omedvetna.

<p><strong>Bakgrund:     </strong>Då skolan av tradition<strong> </strong>fokuserar mer på elevernas läs- och skrivförmåga än på deras förmåga att tala och lyssna anser vi att det är av vikt att verka även för dessa aspekter av lärande. Enligt styrdokumenten skall vi anpassa vår undervisning efter varje elevs individuella förutsättningar. En förutsättning för detta är att eleverna får möjlighet att uttrycka sig på varierade sätt. <strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Syfte:              </strong>Vår avsikt är att undersöka hur olika elever kan uppfatta en text i en högläsningssituation. Då det finns olika sätt att uttrycka sig på bör eleverna få tillgång till varierade kommunikationsmedel. Vi använder oss av bild och samtal, då vi vill se om dessa uttryck har möjlighet att komplettera varandra och samtidigt kan fylla en egen funktion. Vi vill även se om eleverna visar några tecken på att lära av eller påverka varandra. I sammanhanget är det intressant att se hur eleverna ger uttryck för tidigare påverkan av könsmönster. <strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Metod:            </strong>Vi har utfört en undersökning av kvalitativ art. Efter högläsning av en saga har eleverna fått ge uttryck för sin uppfattning i bild och samtal. I den påföljande analysen har vi tagit en hermeneutisk utgångspunkt då vi analyserat hur eleverna tolkat texten och vad som kan ha påverkat deras uppfattning.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resultat:         </strong>Eleverna visade en mångfald och variation i uppfattning av sagan och uttryckte även detta på olika sätt. Eleverna gav oss även prov på hur de genom interaktion och olika uttrycksmedel påverkar och/eller lär av varandra. Vi fick ökad förmåga att förstå och utveckla vårt elevperspektiv då vi fick inblick i elevernas egna perspektiv.</p>

Bakgrund:     Då skolan av tradition fokuserar mer på elevernas läs- och skrivförmåga än på deras förmåga att tala och lyssna anser vi att det är av vikt att verka även för dessa aspekter av lärande. Enligt styrdokumenten skall vi anpassa vår undervisning efter varje elevs individuella förutsättningar. En förutsättning för detta är att eleverna får möjlighet att uttrycka sig på varierade sätt.   Syfte:              Vår avsikt är att undersöka hur olika elever kan uppfatta en text i en högläsningssituation. Då det finns olika sätt att uttrycka sig på bör eleverna få tillgång till varierade kommunikationsmedel. Vi använder oss av bild och samtal, då vi vill se om dessa uttryck har möjlighet att komplettera varandra och samtidigt kan fylla en egen funktion. Vi vill även se om eleverna visar några tecken på att lära av eller påverka varandra. I sammanhanget är det intressant att se hur eleverna ger uttryck för tidigare påverkan av könsmönster.   Metod:            Vi har utfört en undersökning av kvalitativ art. Efter högläsning av en saga har eleverna fått ge uttryck för sin uppfattning i bild och samtal. I den påföljande analysen har vi tagit en hermeneutisk utgångspunkt då vi analyserat hur eleverna tolkat texten och vad som kan ha påverkat deras uppfattning.   Resultat:         Eleverna visade en mångfald och variation i uppfattning av sagan och uttryckte även detta på olika sätt. Eleverna gav oss även prov på hur de genom interaktion och olika uttrycksmedel påverkar och/eller lär av varandra. Vi fick ökad förmåga att förstå och utveckla vårt elevperspektiv då vi fick inblick i elevernas egna perspektiv.

This paper aims to examine the heteronormativity that is present in John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte Saga. This is achieved by performing a queer reading of the text with the help of Swedish Queer theorists Fanny Ambjörnsson and Tiina Rosenberg. I study the norm and how it is enforced by law, society and family. To get a complete image of the heteronormativity I also need to analyze the gender presented in the saga. For that task I use Judith Butler’s definitions of gender identity and the heterosexual matrix. I conclude that there is only a slight gender variation in the saga, mostly concerning the woman. Meanwhile the norms are broken repeatedly by different people and for different reasons. Generally all the non-normative behavior that is out of the public eye gets included and silenced by the family who acts as the norm. / Den här uppsatsen behandlar genus och heteronormativitet i romansviten Forsytesagan, hur dessa tar sig uttryck och vilken inverkan de har på romanfigurerna. Detta görs genom en queerläsning fokuserad på vad som sägs och än mer inte sägs i sagan. Det som analyseras är relationerna mellan människor, kraven som ställs på dem och deras begär till makt över egendom och över varandra. Vidare diskuteras hur heteronormen förändras under romanens gång, hur romanfigurerna bär sig åt för att hålla sig inom normen och vad som händer med dem som bryter mot normen. Slutsatsen blir att sagan behandlar förvånansvärt många frågor som än idag är aktuella, vissa av dem inlindade för att kunna tas upp i en sekelskiftsroman. Dessutom visas hur både genus och heteronorm förändrats under romanens gång, både i samhället i stort och inom familjen. Inte minst ges exempel på hur familjen agerar som norm och inkluderar alla avvikelser så länge som dessa sköts privat.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ibanhes_mlg_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2237425 bytes, checksum: c278308ef98831ce2e058eb29489049f (MD5) / O principal objetivo desta tese é o estudo das interseções no mito do bandoleiro, como cavaleiro errante, por meio da figura do herói/anti-herói, Silvino Jacques, enfocando particularmente sua trajetória no tempo e no espaço, com vistas à explicitação dos seus “feitos” e análise das regiões de sua atuação, e da notável significação que o nome e a escritura de Silvino Jacques encerram em certa tradição literária. Para tanto, o corpus deste trabalho baseia-se nas obras Decima gaucha, do próprio Silvino Jacques, Silvino Jacques: O último dos bandoleiros, do escritor regionalista sul-mato-grossense Brígido Ibanhes e no documentário Selvino Jacques: A saga de um bandoleiro, de Hamilton Wander Medeiro. O estudo justifica-se, prioritariamente, pela comprovação dos influxos platinos, os quais ultrapassam fronteiras e leis, ocasionando trocas e/ou “contrabandos” literários e culturais entre as regiões envolvidas. Assim, a análise volta-se para a recuperação do tema ao longo da história da literatura, remontando à reconhecida figura do lendário Martín Fierro e sua formidável ressonância e fortuna nas literaturas do Cone Sul, bem como para o ambivalente herói pícaro, representado tanto pelo Quixote como pelo Lazarillo, nas literaturas hispano-americanas. A perspectiva desta análise contempla reflexões teórico-críticas oriundas da Literatura Comparada e dos Estudos Culturais e também da teoria do documentário, campos de saber que propiciaram a abordagem de um tema ainda pouco estudado, mas de grande produtividade para estudiosos e pesquisadores de poéticas comparadas culturais / El objetivo principal de esta tesis es el estudio de las intersecciones en el mito del bandolero, como caballero errante, a través de la figura del héroe /antihéroe, Silvino Jacques, centrándose particularmente en su trayectoria en el tiempo y el espacio, con vistas a explicitación de sus hechos” y el análisis de las áreas de sus actuaciones, además de la notable significación que el nombre y la obra de Silvino Jacques cierran en determinada tradición literaria. Por lo tanto, el corpus de este trabajo se basa en las obras Decima gaucha, del propio Silvino Jacques, Silvino Jacques: O último dos bandoleiros, del escritor regionalistas sul-mato-grossense Brígido Ibanhes y el documental Selvino Jacques: A saga de um bandoleiro, de Hamilton Wander Medeiro. El estudio se justifica, sobre todo, por la comprobación de los influjos platinos que propasan las fronteras y las leyes, ocasionando cambios y/o contrabando literarios y culturales entre las regiones involucradas. Así, el análisis se vuelve para la recuperación del tema al largo de la historia de la literatura que se remonta a la figura del legendario Martín Fierro y su formidable resonancia y fortuna en las literaturas del Cono Sur, como también para el ambivalente héroe pícaro, representado tanto por el Quijote como por el Lazarillo, en las literaturas hispanoamericanas. La perspectiva de este análisis complace reflexiones teórico-críticas oriundas de la Literatura Comparada y de los Estudios Culturales, además de la teoría documental, campos del saber que favorecen el abordaje de un tema todavía poco estudiado, pero de gran productividad para estudiosos y investigadores de poéticas comparadas culturales

The aim of this study is to draw new perspectives to the theoretic approach towards the complex nature of the modern fairy tale genre and its transformation. The study is exemplified by two books by Alan A. Milne about Winnie-the-Pooh (1926-1928), Tove Jansson’s eight books about the Moomintrolls (1945-1970) and Eno Raud’s four books about three funny creatures called “Nakstitrallid” in Estonian (1972-1982). In this thesis, I examine the disputable problem of defining the fairy tale genre in modern literature and refer to the history of the genre and storytelling tradition that have indirectly inspired all three authors in their decision to turn for fairy tale as a genre. Applying the poetical analysis, I argue that these authors contributed to the continuity of fairy tales by creating the link between folkloric heritage, novelistic literary expression and children’s imagination. This study can therefore be considered as topological, however it does not pretend to introduce the complete systematic definition of the genre as the thesis’ format does not allow such in-depth investigation. In the first chapter, ‘Archaic world stimulation in modern fairy tale’, I examine the dominating literary categories that refer to the folk fairy tale intertext: Bakhtin’s concept of ‘chronotope’ – category of time and space, system of fictional allegoric characters and category of fantastic.  In the second chapter, ‘Modern fairy tales from perspective of children’s literature’, I analyze the books of Milne, Jansson and Raud in the scope of narratological and aesthetic categories of children’s literature. The folkloric laughter intertextually reproduced by naïvism of the Moomins, the Naksitralls, and Winnie-the-Pooh’s friends, while folkloric collective hero is presented by universal harmony of a happy family and child-like protagonists. I came to the conclusion that poetics of folklore fairy tale still exists in these books through the intertextual dialogue. Modernism as literary method re-evaluates folkloric aspects such as nonlinear time, the blurred boarders between individual and cosmos, material and spirit, text and reality. Every new artistically unique fairy tale world resembles the new stage of the genre development. The more innovative is the story, the more sophisticated can be its poetics.