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Showing 41 to 47 of 47 (0.012 seconds)| 41 |
訴說的身體：內衣電視廣告的符號學研究 / Narrative of female body: semiological study of lingerie TV commercials楊青婉, Yang, Qing Wan Unknown Date (has links)
本文對台灣2010-2015.6期間的女性內衣電視廣告進行符號學研究，探討其中的符號與敘事規則，女性及其身體的符號意義、以及符號結構如何建構內衣的消費迷思。研究認為，廣告多元地講述了女性在男女關係、公共關係、朋友關係和個人關係中所體驗的情緒和情感，呈現較為豐富的女性角色和個性，很多文本亦表現出對傳統陰柔特質和男性權威的挑戰，藉由女性個人風格和獨立意識的展現，內衣廣告積極透過文本的搭建闡釋女性自主。研究文本將身體謀劃運作為自我認同的過程，女性因為身體資本而獲得肯定和賦權， 但同時也不斷重複著女體標準的階級化霸權，符號擇用透露了新舊結構的拉扯中，父權體制、資本主義商業邏輯與女性消費者進行著女性主體性的協商。內衣之為符號，被塑造成與外界發生關連的媒介（medium），同時是許多正面積極意義的載體（vehicle），內衣電視廣告繼續深化內衣的性感迷思、美麗迷思，還敘述了自信自主的迷思、自我意識的迷思，個性化迷思，滿足女性對主體性的想像，對生活夢想的期望。 / This is a semiological study of lingerie TV commercials in Taiwan from 2010 to June 2015, which explores the symbolic structure and narrative rules, symbolic significance of women and their bodies, and how lingerie myth constructs. Research suggests that ads show the various emotions and feelings females experiencing in different relationship, including male-female relationship, friendship, public relations and self-relation, while females appearing in relatively rich characters and personalities. Many ads present the challenge to traditional femininity and masculine authority. Though demonstrating the personal style and sense of independence, lingerie ads attempt to bulid a positive interpretation of female autonomy. Self-identity is shaped during practising one`s body plan, as a result, women get recognition and empowerment because of the physical capital in these ads. However, we can see the repetition of the body standard, which constructs hegemony of body. Overall, the research finds the wrestling between the old and the new social and cultural structure, in other words, a negotiation of expressing subjectivity among patriarchy, capitalist business and women customers in lingerie TVC. In terms of its symbolic value, lingerie is portrayed as a medium to connect females with the external world, and a vehicle carrying lots of positive implication. Furthermore, these ads deepen sexuality myth and beauty myth of lingerie, at the same time, add the myth of self confidence, independency and personality to it, meeting women's imagination of subjectivity and expectations for life.
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動畫角色肢體動作的情緒表達--探討動作特性及身體方向對情緒表達的影響 / Emotion expressiveness of animated character's body movement劉家揚, Liu,Chia-Yang Unknown Date (has links)
肢體動作是情緒表達的方式之一，本研究旨在探討表達情緒時，表達者「動作特性」及「身體方向」對肢體動作情緒表達的影響，及其二者的關係。參考過去研究，本研究使用生氣、害怕、開心及悲傷四種情緒的肢體動作，並操弄平滑度、僵硬度、速度、力道及擴張度五種動作特性；0°、45°、90°三種身體方向，並且以正確率、反應時間及情緒強度作為指標，進行區辨作業及評分作業。本研究共分兩個實驗，每個實驗皆由兩個子實驗構成，兩個子實驗分別使用「一般動作」及「特殊動作」作為呈現刺激。實驗一目的在於探討「動作特性」對情緒表達的影響；實驗二目的在於探討「動作特性」和「身體方向」共同對情緒表達的影響。實驗一A使用一般動作並操弄五種動作特性，藉此得到各情緒的動作特性組合；實驗一B使用特殊動作並操弄動作特性相容性，結果顯示動作特性相容性確實有其效果，相容情況的情緒強度高於不相容情況。實驗二A、二B分別使用一般動作及特殊動作，並操弄五種動作特性及三種身體方向，結果顯示當身體方向符合情緒的趨避動機時，其正確率、反應時間及情緒強度的表現皆較好。综合而言，「動作特性」及「身體方向」在肢體動作表達情緒時確實有其效果，當動作特性相容時，可增進情緒表達力；當身體方向符合該情緒的趨避動機時，也可增進情緒表達力，但動作特性及身體方向二者間的關係為何，本研究仍無法下一定論。
關鍵字：情緒表達、趨避動機、肢體動作、動作特性、身體方向 / Abstract
Body movement is one of the ways to express emotion. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of movement quality and body direction on the emotion expressiveness of body movement. Referring to some previous studies, four kinds of emotion (anger, fear, happiness and sadness) were included in the present study. Five movement qualities (smoothness, stiffness, speed, strength and expansion) and three body directions (0°, 45° and 90°) were manipulated as the independent variables. Response accuracy and reaction times of an identification task and rating scores of the emotion rating task were measured as the dependent variables. There are two experiments in this study which includes two sub-experiments each. One of the sub-experiments adopted non-propositional body movements as stimuli (Experiment 1A & 2A), and the other adopted propositional body movements as stimuli (Experiment 1B & 2B). Experiment 1 aimed to explore the effect of movement qualities. In Experiment 1A, movement quality combinations which can express each of the four emotions were found. Based on this result, in Experiment 1B, movement quality compatibility was manipulated. The results of Experiment 1B confirmed the effect of movement quality compatibility on emotion strength in non-propositional body movement. Experiment 2 manipulated five movement qualities and three body directions. The results showed that when body direction was compatible with the approach-avoidance motivation of the expressed emotion, participant’s performances on response accuracy, reaction times and rating scores were better than that of incompatible ones. In conclusion, both movement quality and body direction can influence the emotion expressiveness of body movement. When movement qualities and body directions are compatible with the expressed emotion, the strength of emotion can be increased. But the relative contributions and the interaction effect of movement qualities and body directions are still unclear.
Keywords: emotion expression, approach-avoidance motivation, body movement, movement quality, body direction
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孟莊工夫論之比較研究——以「身心之學」為觀察視域 / Comparison Study on the Gongfu Theories of Mencius and Chuang Tzu: Perspective on the Theory of Mind-Body林世賢, Lin,shih hsieh Unknown Date (has links)
本文乃是以「身心之學」貫串全文，以「隱喻」凸顯孟子、莊子各自的工夫論特色，而「孟莊之同」（儒道之同）則可謂本文最重要的結論。
首先，由於工夫修養與主體的轉化和提昇密切相關，而現實生命又是以「心—身」共構體存在於世，故工夫修養亦得落實於「心—身」共構體，此即為「身心之學」的內涵之一，也是筆者著意於「身心之學」的原因之一。孟子和莊子的思想皆包含內聖與外王二面，據本文的析論，孟子和莊子各自的內聖外王思想，其實踐起點、轉折樞紐，均結穴於「身心之學」。要言之，「身心之學」實為孟子（儒家）與莊子（道家）內聖修養及外王實踐之根基。
復次，本文分別從「水喻」和「鏡喻」闡明孟子與莊子各自工夫論的特色及其主要精神，且更進一步地掘發「水喻」和「鏡喻」的底蘊：「水：神氣」與「金：真性」。
最後，本文認為儒道之間，大抵於最「根源∕終極」處，及最「基礎」處，可得其同；而在最「基礎」至最「根源∕終極」之間，則呈現千差萬別。具體說明，內聖方面，自現實性復歸本來性，孟子（儒家）和莊子（道家）均可同意「身心之學」是內聖修養之基礎，亦可承認「心—身」共構體共時涵攝神聖∕凡俗、先天∕後天、善∕惡、清∕濁等二面，此乃對生命最基礎處的相同主張；而對宇宙—生命最根源處，孟子（儒家）和莊子（道家）也都深體其乃是「意識、存有與價值三位一體」，或說「宇宙道體—意識主體—價值本體同根同源」，並共同宣稱本性乃是永恆真常（「金：真性」），心氣則為變化不拘（「水：神氣」）。可是，返本復初的工夫，則有萬千法門，亦即對於如何自現實性復歸本來性，孟子（儒家）和莊子（道家）便有不盡相同的教法。
此外，在外王方面，孟子（儒家）和莊子（道家）也均可贊成「身心之學」乃是成就外王事業的依據、基礎，或說「心—身」共構體是向外王領域前進的起點；對孟子（儒家）和莊子（道家）而言，實踐外王的終極理想，皆是祈願蒼生能夠安頓自家性命，內外一切真誠自然，歸德復道——儒家大同言其秩序，道家至德敘其自然，而安樂於內在之秩序，即是自然！同樣的，從「心—身」共構體推廣至成就外王，孟子（儒家）和莊子（道家）的舉措施為，當然有同有異。
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幼兒搭建單位積木-圍的空間現象學之研究 / Children build with unit blocks-a phenomenological study of space on wai詹薏芬, Jhan, Yi Fen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究採現象學研究取向，探究幼兒在開放式學習環境建構單位積木圍出空間的本質意義。探究其內涵以理解幼兒建構單位積木圍出空間的身體經驗與所建築的建築空間之關係。
研究者故事的描述進行現象學還原，描述在幼兒園積木角靜觀一位中班五歲幼兒運用單位積木建構「麥當勞」的歷程。通過此描述歷程，逐漸獲得幼兒藉由身體運動建構單位積木圍出空間作為「身體邊界的延展」之本質性意義。同時也進一步理解支持身體邊界進行延展的要素－時間性、身體感、空間性與想像力間的關係。
最後，本研究從現象學研究取向，日常活動的教育意義提出未來的展望。 / For this study the researcher used the phenomenological research orientation to explore the essential meaning of children in the open learning environment developing enclosed spaces surrounded by constructing with unit blocks. Indeed, to make a thorough inquiry into the relationship between the body experience and the built architectural space of children constructing with unit blocks.
For the purpose of proceeding the phenomenological reduction, the researcher adopted description of the story in-position viewing a 5-year-old girl building her "McDonald's" restaurant construction with unit blocks in the block center in a preschool classroom. Following through the progress of this description, gradually get the essential meaning of children via physical movement forming enclosed spaces with unit blocks constructing so as to "extend the boundary of the body". Measwhile, further understand the relationship of the elements that supporting body boundry extending movement- timeliness, sense of the body, spatiality and imagination.
Finally, this research is going to take a glance into the future from both of the phenomenological research orientation and the meaning of molar activity in early childhood education.
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知識經濟時代的身體政治學：大陸網路媒體對知識產權建構的論述分析 / Body Politics of Knowledge Economy: Discourse Theory of Intellectual Property Construction of China Online Media陳述之, Chen,Shu-Chih Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的是探討大陸網路媒體如何建構知識產權，而此一建構又對人構成什麼樣的張力，並由此進一步反思知識經濟時代下的身體政治學。研究途徑是文化研究，並利用論述理論進行分析。
著作權、專利權、商標權是知識產權三大主要內涵，本研究選擇了王同億現象作為著作權的案例；漢芯晶片造假事件作為專利權的案例；爽歪歪爭議事件作為商標權的案例，經由解構上述案例的網路文本，以見建構它們、評價它們價值的論述立場為何。
而這些論述立場，可分為由黨國體制主導的主流立場與作為他者的非主立場。主流立場是由黨國主導，包括了追求黨國為公、民族先進、經濟規範、知識創新等論述，它是一套中國知識經濟追趕戰略；非主流立場則是相對於主流立場的黨國貪腐、民族落後、經濟無序、知識造假等論述。在國家介入，以及知識經濟與網路媒體促使資訊快速流通、議題快速汰換等因素作用下，這兩個立場是討論知識產權事件的限制性框架。
知識產權與網路審查是國家機器為適應知識經濟潮流的自我調適，並利用它們將知識創意活動侷限在以經濟發展、民族主義為目標等無關黨國體制的範疇上，以免創意活動危及黨國。國家機器利用掌握知識產權的法律力量與網路媒體的宣傳力量，吸引與主導了主流立場的結盟。在威權政治透過法律與宣傳加緊催化下，主流立場加緊活動，同時也就激發了非主流立場的反作用力，正反勢力互相拉抬、互相證成以致知識經濟時代下大陸的文化圖像呈現出威權政治引導下的眾聲喧嘩之景。
在此眾聲喧嘩下產生的知識產權生產活動，或相應而生的偽劣假冒活動，均會被收編，以有助國家主導的主流價值再生產。基於民族國家和公民身體的辯證統一的現代國家權力形態，以及知識經濟代表意識為身體服務的邏輯，主流價值的再生產亦即身體得到照顧與伸展。雖然威權體制致國家較身體享有更大能動性，但在威權體制集中施力的情況下，也將驅動主流、非主流雙方互動更形熱烈，提高了人遊走在從屬性、能動性、與解放性的機會與速率。因此，知識經濟的環境，創造了一個國家與身體在知識產權論述中介下，緊密鑲嵌，相依並存的關係。而知識經濟下的身體政治學，是國家提取身體力量之學，也是國家滿足身體須要之學，也是身體在從屬中取得能動性與解放之學。 / The aim of the dissertation is to discuss how online media of Mainland China construct intellectual property, and what kind of tension does the construction set up to human being. Furthermore, I can introspect body politics in time of knowledge economy. I use cultural studies as methodology and analyses by discourse theory.
Copyrights, patent rights and trademark rights are three mainly components of intellectual property. The dissertation selected the phenomena of tong-yi wang as case of copyrights, hanxin fake event as case of patent rights, and shuang wai wai as case of trademark rights. I construct and evaluate their value of discourse position by way of deconstruct cybertext of the three cases.
The discourse positions can be divided mainstream position dominated by party-state system and the position of non-mainstream as the other. Mainstream position means dominated by party-state. The discourses contain pursuit of whole interests of party-state, advancement of nation, norms of economy and innovation of knowledge. It’s a catch-up strategy of knowledge economy of Mainland China. The discourses of non-mainstream position, as opposite of mainstream,contain party-state corruption, failure of nation, disorder of economy and fake of knowledge. The two positions are limited frameworks in discussing events of intellectual property because of the interactions of factors such as state intervention, rapid flow information by knowledge economy and online media, rapid issue update, etc.
Intellectual property and cyber examination is self adjustment of state mechanism for the purpose of adaptation of knowledge economy. Activities of knowledge innovation should be limited in economic development and nationalism that without any connection of category of party-state system. So the activities of innovation won’t be hazardous to party-state. State mechanism used the legal power of controlling intellectual property and propaganda of cyber media and attracted and dominated the alliance of mainstream position. Mainstream position accelerated activities under catalysis of law and propaganda in authoritarian regime. And it stimulated the power of counter-operation of non-mainstream position. The mutual promotion and mutual confirm lead to phenomena of heteroglossia that constructing cultural image of time of knowledge economy in Mainland China.
The production activities of intellectual property under heteroglossia, or the fake and copy activities accompany with them will be all recruited and helpful reproduction of main value that dominated by state. Based on the form of state power of dialection and unification of nation state and civil body, and the logic of consciousness served for body, the reproduction of main value means the body can be took after and extension. Although state owns greater autonomous than body under authoritarian regime, but under the condition of concentration of power of authoritarian regime, the interaction of mainstream and non-mainstream will be more frequent. This will promote the opportunity and rapidity of belonging, autonomous and emancipation of human being. So it will create a relationship of mutually embedded and existence under discourse of intellectual property of state and body. Body politics under knowledge economy is a discipline of state’s extracting body strength, a discipline of state’s satisfaction of body requirement, a discipline of body’s acquiring autonomy and emancipation under subordination also.
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論胡塞爾現象學之主體性悖論 / ON PARADOX OF SUBJECTIVITY IN HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY江偉峰, Chiang,Wei-Feng Unknown Date (has links)
主體性，是作為相對於客體性而言之主觀存在，且同時是作為在客體性中的客觀存在。如此一種普遍地可能存在於一切認識活動中的雙重存在狀態，正是所謂的「主體性的悖論」。而根據胡塞爾現象學式的沈思回溯考察，這樣一種可能的悖論形態之形成的原因，無非就出於主體多少偏執「客觀存在性先行存在」作為認識活動的理所當然性的前提之故。因為此種由主體對客體性存在與否具有著強烈興趣而產生出的偏執，總是讓主體在對「客觀存在性如何先行存在」此一問題少有深思的情形下，或是有所盲目或是有所扭曲地將自身多少誤解為關聯於客體而共同存在於客體性之中，且同時還多少將此種主體-客體的關聯當作兩者間具有某種平行類比意義的根據，甚而多少誤解主體是客體的類比存在性且可來自於對客體的存在性進行抽象而得之補充抽象的東西。如此一來，不僅主體固有的本質存在方式多少被化約遮蔽地客體化了，客體作為主觀的被給予東西的意義也多少被片面地簡化了，甚至還有那種由最深刻的不可理解的悖論危險性，所帶來之「客觀存在性如何能被主觀地認識」此一非比尋常的認識活動/知識（真理）之謎。而根據胡塞爾現象學式的沈思回溯考察，唯有通過徹底的「懸擱」來全面克制對客體性存在與否的強烈興趣，主體的目光才能完全解除指向客觀存在性的束縛，而以自由的反思活動來真正深入自身的主觀存在性之中，「無悖論地」揭示出自身「如何」以固有的本質存在方式主觀地認識到一切作為客觀存在性之主觀被給予的「事物本身」。
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論全民健康保險法上之公共安全事故代位求償制度陳介然 Unknown Date (has links)
全民健康保險法自民國83年8月9日公告並自民國84年3月1日施行，此一社會保險制度迄今已成為我國醫療保健系統重要支幹，然而，醫療費用每年約上漲8~10%，致使民國87年3月開始，財務已有入不敷出的情形，因此中央健康保險局（保險人）有一連串開源節流的政策
民國94年2月25日全民健康保險監理委員會第117次會議，委員發言多傾向支持擴大代位求償範圍。此外，全民健保公民共識會議之與會人員，一致認為保險事故如果係可明確歸責於第三人之事由所導致，全民健保之保險人於給付後，應該向第三人代位求償，以符公平正義原則，立法院爰於民國94年5月18日修正全民健康保險法第82條，增訂公共安全事故及重大之交通事故、公害或食品中毒事件為代位求償範圍，修正後條文為：「保險對象因發生保險事故，而對第三人有損害賠償請求權者，本保險之保險人於提供保險給付後，得依下列規定，代位行使損害賠償請求權：
一、汽車交通事故：向強制汽車責任保險保險人請求。
二、公共安全事故：向第三人依法規應強制投保之責任保險保險人請求。
三、其他重大之交通事故、公害或食品中毒事件：第三人已投保責任保險
者，向其保險人請求；未投保者，向第三人請求。
前項第三款所定重大交通事故、公害及食品中毒事件之求償範圍、方式及
程序等事項之辦法，由主管機關定之。」
修法之後，雖然擴大了健保局代位求償範圍，但限制仍多，且此次修法亦未明確釐清健保局在其他領域是否亦有代位求償權
本文首先敘述我國自民國84年正式實施全民健康保險時，尚有盈餘，然而自民國87年起首見保險支出超過保險收入，至民國96年時差額更高達新台幣136億元，除了繼續開發新財源與減少支出外，有無可能利用現有的制度切實實施，消除多數國民有「中央健康保險局將全國人民當成提款機的看法」，以及使實現加害者負其責任之公平正義，故本文針對於全民健康保險法第82條第1項第2款中中央健康保險局對公共安全事故強制投保之責任保險保險人代位權之相關問題加以探討，希望對於日益惡化瀕於破產邊緣之財務有所助益，接者大略簡介我國社會保險制度的演進，包括勞工保險、公務人員保險及其相關保險、退休公務人員保險、公務人員眷屬疾病保險、退休公務人員疾病保險、退休公務人員配偶疾病保險、私立學校教職員保險及其相關保險、農民健康保險與全民健康保險之演進與概況，之後於第三章再藉由歐、美等主要國家保險理論探討保險代位求償權之理論基礎以及人身保險適用代位求償權之理由，復接者討論保險代位求償權之性質、民法上行使代位權之限制、保險法上保險人代位權之性質與全民健康保險保險人之代位求償權；於第四章則討論目前我國中央與地方法規中有哪些場所或行業係屬須強制投保公共意外責任保險以及公共安全事故中全民健康保險保險人代位求償權之構成要件；於第五章則討論全民健康保險保險人可代位求償之金額尚須受到中央健康保險局實際所支出之醫療給付與強制責任保險之保險金額限制；於第六章則討論保險對象對於中央健康保險局代位求償權之保全有協助義務以及節妨礙代位之事由與代位求償權之消滅時效；第七章則是探討中央健康保險局行使代位求償權應注意事項；最後於第八章則是結論與建議。
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