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Banshee : En mytologisk varelse i dagens mediesamhälle / Banshee : A mythological creature in today's media societySeitola, Kimberly January 2018 (has links)
Titel: Banshee - En mytologisk varelse i dagens mediesamhälle Författare: Kimberly Seitola Handledare: Stefan Larsson Ämne: Religionsvetenskap Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur den irländska mytologiska varelsen banshee gestaltas i dagens mediesamhälle. Teori: Den här uppsatsen använder sig av receptionsteorin, vilken riktar sig mot producenten, åskådaren och läsaren. Frågeställningar: Uppsatsen utgår från följande frågeställningar: Hur har gestaltningarna av den mytologiska varelsen banshee förändrats i media i jämförelse med irländsk folktro? Hur uppfattar åskådarna mediernas gestaltning av den mytologiska varelsen banshee? Metod: Metoderna som uppsatsen använder sig av är innehållsanalys samt jämförande metod. Metoderna valdes för att de bland annat kompletterar varandra. Material: Uppsatsens empiri består av allt vetenskapligt publicerat material rörande den mytologiska varelsen banshee, kortfilmen Banshee från 2014, den amerikanska tv-serien Teen Wolf samt internetforum och dess olika kommentarsfält. Resultat: Uppsatsen identifierar att mediernas gestaltning av banshee liknar den irländska folktrons. Forskningen även skillnader mellan folktron och mediernas framställning. Undersökningar av publikens perspektiv visar att den mytologiska varelsen banshee väcker en form av nyfikenhet bland dagens medieanvändare. / Title: Banshee – A mythological creature in today's media society Author: Kimberly Seitola Supervisor: Stefan Larsson Subject: Religious studies Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to investigate how the Irish mythological creature banshee is shaped in today's media society. Theory: This essay uses the reception theory, which targets the producer, the spectator and the reader. Objectives and focus: The essay is based on the following questions: How have the representation of the mythological creature banshee changed in the media in comparison with Irish folklore? How do the perpetrators perceive the media's design of the mythological creature banshee? Method: The methods that the essay uses is content analysis and comparative method. The methods were chosen because they complement each other. Material: The essay's empirical essay consists of all scientifically published material relating to the mythological creature banshee, the short film Banshee from 2014, the American television series Teen Wolf, Internet forums and their various commentary fields. Result: The essay identifies that the form of banshee in the media is similar to the Irish folklore. The research also shows differences between the Irish folklore and media production. Analyzes of the audience's perspective shows that the mythological creature banshee provokes a kind of curiosity among today's media users.
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Myter om gymnasieeleven : En diskursteoretisk studie av dominerande subjektspositioner i politiska texter 1990-2009 / The Social Myths of Student Subjects : A study of dominating subject positions in political documents in Swedish educational discourse 1990-2009Terning, Maria January 2016 (has links)
For whom the educational system should be available, what it should contain and what it should lead to, are all questions but with different answers. In this dissertation, these answers are understood as products of relations including a power dimension. As these relations constantly changes, the discursive struggle of defining the educational system is constant. Said struggle also contains different constructions of the student subject; what she/he ought to be and should become. It is the struggle of defining the student subject that is the focus of this dissertation. As a starting point for the analysis, a political discourse theory is used, developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe (2001). The main aims of the dissertation are to analyze 1) How the student subject is defined and positioned in the analyzed policy texts 2) What kind of relations that are constituted among student subjects and in between student subject, working life and social life 3) How does the conditions of the discursive struggle make impact of the space for political subjectivity. The empirical material is Swedish Political documents written between the time periods 1990-2009. The analysis of the discursive political struggle shows three dominant subject positions structured in partly different discourses: The successful and free student, produced in the discourse of liberation (1990-1998), the individualized and solidary student, produced within the discourse of nostalgia (1997-2005) and the dutiful and adaptable student, which dominates the political struggle in 2006-2009, produced in the discourse of harmony. Although the subject positions are constituted within three different discourses, structured by partly different logics, they share an idea; the idea of an ongoing globalization. These articulations are not questioned and cannot be ignored in the discursive struggle. They are understood as disarticulations of an English/American neo-liberal discourse. To win a hegemonic position, the discourse of liberation, nostalgia and harmony, has to adopt signs from this neo-liberal discourse. They are also forced to rearticulate the intent of specific signs so they fit into each discourse’ inner logics. The disarticulations of the neo-liberal discourse which goes across the discursive borders are in this dissertation understood as a social fantasy.
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Var känslor tar plats i mytteoretiska perspektiv : Nya frågor utefter känslornas historia / Emotions place in theories of myth : New questions in perspectives of the history of emotionsHedström, David January 2021 (has links)
Myths are intimately connected with emotions, but what the nature of the relationship really means, what it is, and how it functions are in many ways vague and unspecified. This is an examination of how, when and where emotions are referenced in theories of myth. The purpose is to point in a direction of possible new questions for future research on emotions and myth. Three major themes, centered around three major theorists of myth, are examined. The first treats perspectives of, and inspired by, Lucien Lévy-Bruhl. It is a theme based around views of myth as creating collective emotions. The second theme, centered around Bronislaw Malinowski, examines theories understanding myth as handling difficult emotions. The third theme deals with perspectives from Claude Lévi-Strauss’s structuralist theory of myth, where myth is seen as mediating contradictions, and thereby also mediating emotions of the contradictions. The three themes are then examined in relation to theories from the burgeoning history of emotions. New theoretical positions, such as the bodily and moral aspects of emotions, are examined and the result suggests that the central connection between myth and emotions could be found in humankind’s ever present concern to regulate, to discipline, and to form expressions of emotions.
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“Varenda dag, varenda timme, varje ögonblick" : Lydnad, motstånd och myt i den svenska coronapandemin som diskursiv konstruktion / “Every Day, Every Hour, Every Moment" : Obedience, Resistance, and Myth in the Discursive Construction of the COVID-19 Pandemic in SwedenNylander, Sofia January 2022 (has links)
I en retorisk analys av den svenska, diskursiva konstruktionen av coronapandemin, så som den tog form i politisk kommunikation och samhällsopinion, argumenterar jag för att diskursens möjlighet att uppfattas som rationell och saklig i själva verket var högst beroende av en rad mytiska idéer. Dessa idéer kretsade kring en historisk, västerländsk framåtrörelse, en uråldrig kamp mellan ljus och mörker, det dunkla som något hotfullt, synden och botgöringen som vid domen skulle leda folket till frälsning eller lidande, samt det svenska samhällets äkta kärna. Sammantaget kom de mytiska idéer som präglade diskursen att i grunden begränsa den svenska invånarens diskursiva rörelseutrymme, och därmed också möjligheten att anlägga alternativa riktningar eller göra reellt motstånd. I uppsatsen diskuterar jag även hur och varför den frihet som invånarna åtnjöt snarare kom att bli en väsentlig komponent i ett maskineri, som inte bara genom disciplinering höll nere smittspridningen, utan också gjorde invånarna till användbara redskap i upprätthållandet av en politisk legitimitet. I denna uppsats problematiserar jag därför både bilden av den pandemiska diskursen som ett i grunden rationellt, sakligt och gemensamt refererande till en verklig händelseutveckling och bilden av att frånvaron av tvingande smittskyddsåtgärder automatiskt skänker invånarna en större frihet.
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The Collective Unconscious in Neil Gaiman's Fairy Tales : The Motif of the Triple Goddess through Symbols and the Manifestations of the Anima Archetype / Det kollektiva omedvetna i Neil Gaimans sagor : den tredelade gudinnan som motiv genom symboler och manifestationer av anima arketypenChyrko, Yana January 2024 (has links)
Many recent studies confirm that the fantasy genre is based on ancient myths. Contemporary authors of fiction create new versions of myths, often using ancient “natural” and cultural symbols. Neil Gaiman is one of these tellers of modern myth. His works offer multiple possibilities for interpretation of well-known stories, reworked in a new way and filled with new layers of significance. Using Jungian archetypes as a prism for the analysis, this essay focuses on the possibility to relate the motif of the Triple Goddess, a triad of magical or divine female figures, present in many of the Western Europe mythologies, to female characters from Neil Gaiman’s Snow, Glass, Apples and The Ocean at the End of the Lane. Through a close reading of selected passages of the text, this essay exemplifies how Neil Gaiman uses archaic symbols and the motif of the Triple Goddess to connect his audience to the collective unconscious via manifestations of the anima archetype, one of many aspects of the collective unconscious. / Flera nutida studier slår fast att fantasigenren har sitt ursprung i gamla myter. Samtida författare i genren skapar nya myter och använder ofta symboler från gamla kulturer och naturfenomen. En av dessa författare är Neil Gaiman, en förmedlare av moderna myter. Välkända berättelser och historier får ett nytt liv genom hans kreativa stil och fantasi, fyllda med nya betydelser och tolkas ur många olika synvinklar. Genom användningen av Jungianska arketyper som en analytisk metod, fokuserar denna uppsatsen på att koppla den Tredelade gudinnan med kvinnliga karaktärer i Neil Gaimans Snow, Glass, Apples och The Ocean at the End of the Lane. Den Tredelade gudinnan är förknippad med en triad av magiska och gudomliga kvinnliga figurer, närvarande i flera västeuropeiska mytologier. Genom när läsning av särskilda avsnitt i texten, exemplifieras hur Gaiman använder arkaiska symboler för att koppla läsaren till det kollektiva omedvetna. Dessutom tydliggörs likheten mellan den Tredelade gudinnans personifikation och manifestationer av arketypen anima, som en av flera aspekter av det kollektiva omedvetna.
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Modern Fairy Tales: The New Existence of an Old Genre : Exemplified by the Books of Alan A. Milne, Tove Jansson and Eno RaudYashkina, Svetlana January 2016 (has links)
The aim of this study is to draw new perspectives to the theoretic approach towards the complex nature of the modern fairy tale genre and its transformation. The study is exemplified by two books by Alan A. Milne about Winnie-the-Pooh (1926-1928), Tove Jansson’s eight books about the Moomintrolls (1945-1970) and Eno Raud’s four books about three funny creatures called “Nakstitrallid” in Estonian (1972-1982). In this thesis, I examine the disputable problem of defining the fairy tale genre in modern literature and refer to the history of the genre and storytelling tradition that have indirectly inspired all three authors in their decision to turn for fairy tale as a genre. Applying the poetical analysis, I argue that these authors contributed to the continuity of fairy tales by creating the link between folkloric heritage, novelistic literary expression and children’s imagination. This study can therefore be considered as topological, however it does not pretend to introduce the complete systematic definition of the genre as the thesis’ format does not allow such in-depth investigation. In the first chapter, ‘Archaic world stimulation in modern fairy tale’, I examine the dominating literary categories that refer to the folk fairy tale intertext: Bakhtin’s concept of ‘chronotope’ – category of time and space, system of fictional allegoric characters and category of fantastic. In the second chapter, ‘Modern fairy tales from perspective of children’s literature’, I analyze the books of Milne, Jansson and Raud in the scope of narratological and aesthetic categories of children’s literature. The folkloric laughter intertextually reproduced by naïvism of the Moomins, the Naksitralls, and Winnie-the-Pooh’s friends, while folkloric collective hero is presented by universal harmony of a happy family and child-like protagonists. I came to the conclusion that poetics of folklore fairy tale still exists in these books through the intertextual dialogue. Modernism as literary method re-evaluates folkloric aspects such as nonlinear time, the blurred boarders between individual and cosmos, material and spirit, text and reality. Every new artistically unique fairy tale world resembles the new stage of the genre development. The more innovative is the story, the more sophisticated can be its poetics.
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"Ty den som smittar detta land är du" : Den mytiska argumentationen i Katarina Frostensons KBorggren, Ellinor January 2020 (has links)
I den här uppsatsen har jag undersökt argumentationen i Katarina Frostensons K – en skönlitterär bok som skrevs i en tid (hösten 2017 till våren 2018) då #metoo-rörelsen svepte över världen och 18 kvinnor hade vittnat i DN om övergrepp av en känd kulturprofil med nära band till Svenska Akademien. Flera medier namngav mannen som Jean-Claude Arnault, make till akademiledamoten och poeten Katarina Frostenson. Händelserna ledde till en av de största kriserna i Svenska Akademiens historia och K är Frostensons första och enda offentliga yttrande rörande situationen. Boken utkom i maj 2019 och den här undersökningen väljer att tolka den som ett slags försvar mot det Arnault och hon själv har anklagats för. Då samtida retorisk teori visat på vikten av myter i argumentation (Bengtson 2012), och både juridiska och empiriska aspekter talar emot Frostensons retoriska problem, har underökningen utgått från att argumentationen använder sig av emotionella och suggestiva appeller i form av myter. Med hjälp av Brummets närläsningsmetod (2019) och Lindqvists topikteori (2016) har Frostensons argumen-tation delats in i tre övergripande topiker. Dessa har sedan analyserats och identifierat ett antal myter som Frostenson använder sig av för att stärka sin argumentation. En myt som analyseras mer djupgående är exempelvis den antika myten om megäror och kvinnor som hämndlystna monster, vilken Frostenson applicerar på kvinnorna som vittnat i DN. En annan myt handlar om kollektivets behov av syndabockar och att Arnault fått den rollen. En tredje myt hävdar att svenskar är främlingsfientliga eftersom Arnault får ta skulden på grund av sin franska och judiska härkomst. En fjärde myt argumenterar för att åtrå legitimerar våld, vilket hon försöker stärka genom den bibliska berättelsen om kung David och Batseba. Utöver Bengtsons tolkning av Barthes mytteori (2012) som utgångspunkt har undersökningen bland annat tagit avstamp i kommunikationsprofessorn McFarlands teori om kopplingen mellan myten och det heliga (1989), genusforskaren Tassis teorier om kvinnor och hämnd (2011) samt Richard Kearneys tolkning av René Girards offermekanismer (1995). Vidare har analysen satts i relation till relevant tidigare forskning och kopplats till både historiska och samtida händelser och kontexter. Jag hävdar att min undersökning visar hur viktigt det är att söka efter mer än bara logiska premisser i argumentation. Frostenson har i princip uteslutande myter som bas i sin argumentation, och de är inte alltid helt uppenbara – dolda i suggestiva termer och ett symboliskt språk. Ett av den här uppsatsens syften var att försöka visa hur en mytisk argumentationsanalys kan gå till i praktiken, för att utöka kunskapen kring hur vi kan förstå argumentation i känslomässiga kontexter, så som i debatter om sexuella övergrepp, men också rent generellt. Resultatet som framkommit i undersökningen, det vill säga den mängd myter som identifierats och analyserats, bör inspirera till vidare forskning i ämnet. Jag menar att det finns ett uppdämt behov av just sådana här argumentationsanalyser och att retorikvetenskapen har en viktig roll i detta.Sökord: Katarina Frostenson, K, Jean-Claude Arnault, #metoo, Svenska Akademien, myter, mytisk argumentation, Roland Barthes, Erik Bengtson, Janne Lindqvist, topiker, litteratur, retorik, poesi, poet, skönlitteratur.
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KÄLLVATTEN : En berättelse om människans relation till vatten, gestaltat genom konsthantverk / SPRING WATER : A story about humans relationship to water, embodied through crafts.Wikström, Anna-Kajsa January 2020 (has links)
Källvatten Människan står inför en framtid då rent vatten blir allt mer sällsynt, samtidigt som många vittnar om en känsla av meningslöshet eller ett liv som känns andefattigt, två fenomen som jag tror korrelerar varandra. Mitt kandidatarbete har kommit att handla om människans förhållande till vatten. Om min egen oro för miljöföroreningarnas långtgående konsekvenser och hur vi genom en livsstil i konsumtionens tecken har förpassat vattnet till att bli en livsmedelsprodukt. Det handlar även om de människor som väljer annorlunda, om källan som gestalt i myterna och om hur vattenbärandet kan utgöra en protesthandling i ett högteknologiskt samhälle. Arbetet sträcker sig från iakttagelser av vad som kan anses vara en samtida källkult till ett gestaltande arbete genom konsthantverk. Gestaltningen presenteras som en installation av föremål utförda i silikon, is och metall. Därtill finns ett antal fotografiska bilder.
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El mito de la Quintrala : Estructuras simbólicas en dos novelas de Gustavo Frías / The myth of La Quintrala : The symbolic structures in two novels by Gustavo FríasBelmar Shagulian, Jasmin January 2017 (has links)
The purpose of this comparative study is to analyse La Quintrala’s myth as a symbolic discourse, thereby filling a gap in the previous studies about La Quintrala. The theoretical and methodological framework of this analysis consists of a hermeneutical approach based on the method of figurative structuralism: mythocriticism. This is a dual classification method of symbols: Diurnal and Nocturnal Orders that expose the symbolic structures formed by symbols and archetypes found in mythemes in a compilation of corpora. The first one is Gustavo Frías’ novels Tres Nombres para Catalina: Catrala (2008) and Tres nombres para Catalina: la doña de Campofrío (2008); the second is a historic essay (hypotext), Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna’s Los Lisperguer y la Quintrala (1944), and four novels: Magdalena Petit’s (2009) La Quintrala, Mercedes Valdivieso’s (1991) Maldita yo entre las Mujeres, Virginia Vidal’s (2002) Oro, veneno y puñal, and Gustavo Frías’ El Inquisidor (2008). Mythocriticism is employed in the analysis to show what the mythical structure of the hero’s journey (Separation, Initiation, Return) reveal. Such journey is combined structurally with the Mother archetype (White, Red and Black Goddess), the intrinsic archetype of La Quintrala’s myth. The heroic structure unveils its own mythemes, La Quintrala’s and the first corpus’s mytheme through the diachronic and synchronic flow of the hero’s journey. This method permits to identify and compare the progression of the symbolic structures. The analysis demonstrates a transformation of the symbolic structures between both corpora. This survey reveals that Vicuña Mackenna and Petit, and partially Vidal and El Inquisidor, exhibit an inclination to the diurnal symbols that strengthen, through a heterodiegetic narrator, the representations of the witch-femme fatale, counteractive attributes of the Red and Black Goddesses in the myth. Valdivieso, on the other hand, shows a propensity to the nocturnal symbols of inversion and intimacy that emphasize the Red Goddess’ features, though the novel also exposes La Quintrala as a witch-femme fatale. This exposure occurs through the use of both an autodiegetic narrator –La Quintrala– and a heterodiegetic one –the hypotext embodied in the popular voice– that appear to contrast each other. Finally, in Tres Nombres para Catalina, La Quintrala as the autodiegetic narrator dominates the whole story. She personifies the Great Goddess archetype who bestows her new positive attributes during the adventure. This novel assumes primordially the nocturnal symbolism incarnated by both the mystical and the synthetical structures and relegates the diurnal discourse of the hypotext to a secondary position in the narrative. Nonetheless, Tres Nombres para Catalina’s narrative still relies on the hypotext to reproduce and reconstruct all the mythemes in the myth of La Quintrala. Conclusively, the results of this analysis indicate that the identification of all the mythemes supports the hypothesis of a transformation in the symbolic structures which characterize La Quintrala in both corpora. This reveals the embodiment of Tres Nombres para Catalina’s own mytheme, consisting of a vindication and a recognition to her indigenous heritage, and the acceptance of her mestizaje. As a consequence, Tres nombres para Catalina, in comparison to the second corpus, diverges and expands the symbolic structures, but still shows a continuity of the myth.
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Reordering of Meaningful Worlds : Memory of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Post-Soviet UkraineYurchuk, Yuliya January 2014 (has links)
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian society faced a new reality. The new reality involved consolidation and transformation of collective identities. The reinvigoration of national identity led to a change in the emphasis on how the past was dealt with – many things which were regarded as negative by the Soviet regime became presented as positive in independent Ukraine. The war-time nationalist movement, represented by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), became one of the re-configured themes of history. While most of the studies of memory of the OUN and UPA concentrated on the use of the history of the OUN and UPA by nationalist parties, this study goes beyond the analysis of such use of history and scrutinizes the meaning of this history in nation- and state-building processes in relation to memory work realized on the small-scale regional and local levels with the main focus on Rivne and Rivne oblast’. Moreover, this book focusses not only on the “producers” of memory, but also on the “consumers” of memory, the area which is largely understudied in the field of memory studies. In the book the main emphasis is put on monuments which are regarded as catalysts and symptoms of memory. The present study showed that the OUN and UPA are used more as the metaphors of the anti-Soviet and anti-communist struggle for independence than as historical entities. This past is largely mythologized. Functioning as a myth the memory of the OUN and UPA obliterates difficult knowledge that the historical research reveals on the questionable activities and ideology of those organizations. As a result, the past of the OUN and UPA is re-imagined, re-filled with new meanings so that it is used along even with the democratic and pro-European claims in the present. It was especially well-observed during the Orange Revolution in 2004 and during the Euromaidan in 2013-2014, when the European Union’s flags were seen next to the OUN’s red-and-black flags or when the pro-European slogans were proclaimed alongside the OUN and UPA slogans. At the same time, the results demonstrated an intricate complexity of memory work shaped by intensive dynamics of private and public, grassroots and official, local and national encounters. Although there have been attempts made by political actors to draw a direct link between the national identity, political allegiances and proposed heroic version of memory, the study showed, that such attempts did not really work. In the pluralistic context the meanings are too fluid and adherence to one version of history does not preclude adherences to other versions of history which are presented as diametrically opposite in the political sphere. As result, on the recipients’ grassroots level, the memory reveals its amalgamated characteristics. Drawing on studies about post-colonial subjectivities and theories of remediation developed in memory studies, this book explores the changes in memory culture of contemporary Ukraine and examines the role of memory in producing new meanings under the rapidly changing conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union up to 2014. The book contributes to the studies of memory culture in post-Communist countries as well as to the studies of society in contemporary Ukraine.
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