從實踐中體現： 匯聚而生一個多元文化「Hackerspace」社群 / Hackerspaces are open and public workshops where participants pro-actively engage with technology in a social context. From origins in 1990s Germany, the global propagation of hackerspaces has been grassroots, decentralized, and extra-institutional. How does a new hackerspace emerge? What are some key social processes at work within a hackerspace and how are they conditioned by a multilingual, multicultural setting? What roles do values and ideology play? The present study addresses these questions through immersion in the social world of a hackerspace in Taipei, Taiwan. Participant observation and in-depth interview data were analyzed using grounded theory techniques. The results emphasize that initial organizing depends on catalysts and relevant prior experience may be crucial. Local conditions in the form of a multicultural, multilingual environment are shown to affect social processes, sometimes as a source of friction. Ideological and political concerns do not seem salient to Taipei Hackerspace participants generally, though values implicit in practices present alternatives to institutional conventions. In addition, four primary processes are proposed: “Project-ing,” Sharing, “Making it one’s own,” and Negotiating. Finally, support is given to the concept of a transferable hackerspace model that is adapted to local conditions. The values and principles observed—sharing and openness norms, “do-ocracy”, ad hoc organizing, resistance to rules and hierarchy—can be traced to various influences in hackerspaces’ historical development, particularly the open source movement, and serve to optimize hacking potential while fostering a heterogeneous community network.

二十一世紀是講求通路效率及服務的年代，半導體材料及設備通路商在產業中所扮演的角色越趨重要，加上網際網路與資訊科技的蓬勃發展，對於企業而言，如何應用資訊科技技術以改善對顧客的服務並增加顧客的滿意度，已經成為每個成長中的企業所重視的課題，而介於半導體上游原物料及設備製造商與下游相關半導體製造商間的通路商，主要即在取得原廠的銷售代理權並整合銷售及售後服務等工作，將代理的產品透過服務達到加值，使得上游製造商可以專注於材料及設備的研發與製造，而通路商本身則透過對下游半導體製造業提供良好的服務品質，以創造下游顧客的滿意度，進而提高顧客的忠誠度。因此，如何透過資訊科技的應用及優越的服務品質，來提升顧客的滿意度，進而使顧客具有忠誠度，已經成為以強化整體銷售服務來創造競爭力的通路商所必須重視的課題。 本研究即在探討半導體材料及設備通路產業之資訊科技應用對於服務品質及顧客滿意度之影響，更進一步探討服務品質對顧客滿意度與顧客忠誠度的影響。因此，本研究以國內半導體材料及設備通路商為研究對象，對其資訊科技應用、服務品質、顧客滿意度及顧客忠誠度做一整合驗證性的研究，並利用線性結構相關模式(LISREL)來探討四個構面間的關係，在半導體材料及設備通路產業中，所得到的結論如下： 一、資訊科技應用對服務品質有顯著的正向關係。 二、資訊科技應用對顧客滿意度不具顯著的正向關係。 三、服務品質對顧客滿意度有顯著的正向關係。 四、服務品質對顧客忠誠度不具顯著的正向關係。 五、顧客滿意度對顧客忠誠度有顯著的正向關係。 / 21 Century is the time for the emphasis on the channel efficiency and services and the roles of the semiconductor distributors in semiconductor material and equipments industry have become more and more important as a result. Due to the flourish developments in the internet and information technology, how to make good use of the information technology in order to improve the service for the customers and further increase the customers’ satisfaction is the crucial issue to any growing enterprises. The semiconductor distributors mainly act as the sale agents of the semiconductor material and equipments industry and provide the function to integrate the sale and after-sale services. By doing so, it has increased the value of the products through these services. In addition, it makes the manufacturers of the upstream in the semiconductor material and equipments industry concentrate on the R&D and manufacture field. On the other hand, the semiconductor distributors themselves have focally developed the customers’ satisfaction and further enhanced the customers’ loyalty by providing great service quality. Therefore, how to elevate the customers’ satisfaction and own the customers’ loyalty through the application of information technology and excellent service has become a must for the semiconductor distributors that would like to reinforce their aggregate sale services in order to have competition advantages. This paper addresses the influences of the information technology application on the service quality and the customers’ satisfaction of the semiconductor distributors in the material and equipments industry. Moreover, it further investigates the influences of the service quality on the customers’ satisfaction and the customers’ loyalty. This paper uses the semiconductor distributors in Taiwan as the research targets and makes a completed discussion on the information technology application, service quality, customers’ satisfaction and customers’ loyalty. Besides, there are following conclusions by using the linear structural model to exam the correlations among four aspects. 1.There is a significant positive correlation between information technology application and service quality. 2.There is an insignificant positive correlation between information technology application and customers’ satisfaction. 3.There is a significant positive correlation between service quality and customers’ satisfaction. 4.There is an insignificant positive correlation between service quality and customers’ satisfaction. 5.There is a significant positive correlation between customers’ satisfaction and customers’ loyalty.

本研究採文獻分析法和戰史研究法，並從戰略——目的、手段、方法——之研究途徑切入。 研究重點首先從以色列之海域環境和威脅來源著眼，探討以色列國家安全戰略與防衛戰略構想；由於以色列之兵役制度與軍隊訓練情形，實為支持其遂行防衛戰略，達成其國家安全之重要支柱，故亦予分析。 其次，針對以色列海軍參與之重要戰爭，包括獨立戰爭、六日戰爭（美海軍情報船自由號被以色列海空軍擊沈事件和以色列埃拉特號驅逐艦被埃及飛彈快艇擊沈事件）、十月戰爭（以敘「拉塔基亞海戰」與以埃於紅海戰線之對決）、以及其他零星之重要衝突加以析論。 第三，探討以色列海軍之兵力建設與準則發展狀況，析出以色列海軍建軍發展之三個階段，研究其硬體建設（水面作戰艦艇、潛艦、突擊隊）、海軍任務、海軍作戰準則、反恐作戰準則與行為規範之發展情形。 最後，分析以色列海軍面臨之挑戰、探討其國防資源之分配問題、海軍高科技武器發展以及其於未來之展望。 具體研究成果包含找出以色列海軍影響深遠之戰役——拉塔基亞海戰，瞭解以色列海軍建軍發展之歷程，並且發現以色列海軍邁向新時代之發展趨勢。 研究心得有三點：第一，以—阿海軍戰爭之啟示；第二、以色列海軍發展之啟示；第三，研究以色列海軍之啟示。 / The Study of the Israeli Navy was made use of literature analysis and war history research method. It was written within the approach of the strategy research which of the aims, the means, and the ways. The paper will (1) introduce the sea environment of Israel and sources of the threats, discuss Israel national security and its defense strategic conception, and Israeli conscriptions and its military training; (2) examine the significance and importance of the Israeli Navy war history; (3) give a description of structures of the Navy and its doctrines; and (4) propose the challenge of the Navy, analyze its problem of the defense budget distribution, open its hi-tech weapon systems, and observe its future development. The results of this paper include: (1) excavate the most valuable warfare among the Israeli Navy war history which is the Battle of Latakia; (2) understand the structures of the Navy; and (3) find out the trend of the Navy future development.

本研究架構以Wixom & Todd(2005)提出的使用者滿意與科技接受整合模式為基礎，以資訊系統成功模式中「系統品質」、「資訊品質」、「服務品質」構面以及Roger(1995)提出的創新擴散中「相對好處」、「相容性」作為研究架構的探討構面，針對雲端遊戲平台的使用者進行實證研究，探討使用者參與雲端遊戲平台之影響因素。 研究中，得知資訊系統成功模式「系統品質」、「資訊品質」、「服務品質」與「資訊系統滿意度」存在正向影響關係，創新擴散「相對好處」、「相容性」也與「資訊系統滿意度」呈現正向的影響關係；而資訊系統成功模式「資訊系統滿意度」與科技接受模式的「知覺有用性」、「知覺易用性」確實有著密切關連；另外，研究發現創新擴散構面對於「知覺有用性」存在影響關係，但對於「知覺易用性」證實不存在顯著的影響關係，而科技接受模式「知覺有用性」、「知覺易用性」、「態度」、「使用意圖」彼此皆存在影響關係。 / This study bases its structure on Theoretical Integration of User Satisfaction and Technology Acceptance Wixom & Todd (2005) proposed, in which “System Quality”, “Information Quality”, “Service Quality” dimensions in Information System Success Model, and “Relatively Advantage” & “Compatibility” in Innovation Diffusion that Roger (1995) proposed constitute discussion dimension. For discussing factors that influence users to take part in cloud gaming platform, the empirical research targets at those users. From the research, we found “System Quality”, “Information Quality”, “Service Quality” and “IS Satisfaction” in Information System Success Model have positive correlation, and “Relatively Advantage” & “Compatibility” and “IS Satisfaction” present a positive correlation as well while “IS Satisfaction” in Information System Success Model and “Perceived Usefulness”, “Perceived Ease of Use” in Technology Acceptance Model are closely related; besides, this study discovered Innovation Diffusion dimension has effect on “Perceived Usefulness”, but doesn’t have significant effect on “Perceived Ease of Use” while “Perceived Usefulness”, “Perceived Ease of Use”, “Attitude” and “Intention to Use” in Technology Acceptance Model are related.

摘要 自2008年金融風暴後，長期的經濟動盪造成顧客喪失對於傳統投資產業之信心。在這樣的環境下，從自動化投資管理、社群交易平台到零售演算法交易的興起，提供低成本與先進的替代方案取代傳統的投資管理產業。這種方式獲得廣大消費者的信賴，並使得顧客擁有更多投資管理之控制權。 本研究欲探討賦權投資者於金融科技的浪潮下，競爭者加入後所面臨之挑戰進行情境分析，了解投資者如何以自動化管理及報告、社群交易平台和零售演算法交易改變投資管理業之發展，並使得傳統以顧問諮詢為主的投資管理興起全自動化或財務顧問協助之新商業模式；再者，透過個案分析，分別探討自動化管理及報告為代表之機器人理財公司以及零售演算法交易平台Quantopian，並建議投資產業應善用金融科技結合兩者，因此，未來顧問所扮演的角色將轉型為從旁協助財務規劃之服務，不僅能夠降低成本，亦可大幅提升理專的效率，為更廣大的客群提供高價值之金融服務。 / Abstract The 2008 financial crisis was the worst economic disaster since it has caused public losing confidence in traditional investement management industry. As a result, the three key innovation clusters are booming─automated management and advice, retail algorithmic trading and social trading platform─that offer lower-cost and advanced alternatives to replace the traditional investement management industry. Additionally, those innovation clusters gain more trust to the masses and allow customers to control in their own investment portfolio. This study analyzes three scenarios how the empowered investors face the challenges under the new waves of Fintech. In particular, we consider the investment management industry transfer the traditional model to the new business models of fully automation or advisor-assistant. In the case studies, we compare six typical robo-advisor firms and retail algorithmic trading platform like Quantopian. Furthermore, we suggest that the investment industry should make good use of Fintech that combines both advantage of automated management and retail algorithmic trading;therefore, it can not only reduce costs but also improve the efficiency of financial services.

本研究由科技接受度模型為出發點，探討台灣50歲以上國民對於網路購物平台的使用習慣及態度，加入不同的外部因素分析，包含人群接觸偏好、自我實踐、認知有用、認知易用、購物動機、知覺風險及關係品質，目的在於了解不同的外部因素對此一族群最後是否會回到同一個購物平台購買商品之影響，意即對網路購物平台產生忠誠度，並且加入寂寞感作為使用者態度與忠誠度之間的調節變數。採用問卷調查法隨機抽樣，同時發放紙本及網路問卷，有效回收173份，網路回收效果較佳，佔有效問卷的84%。 透過研究結果得知，自我實踐與人群接觸偏好皆對於科技接受模型當中的認知有用有直接的影響，顯示出50歲以上的國民在使用網路時，會受到過去的購物經驗（與人購買商品）的影響，不過對於新科技保持積極學習心態的個體會有意願嘗試使用網路購物。而當個體感受到網路購物是省時或是省錢的（認知有用）、認為操作是簡單明瞭的（認知易用）都會提高消費者使用網路購物的意願。 此外，消費者對於在網路購物平台上付費是否安全以及付費之後是否真的能拿到符合期待的商品有疑慮時，會降低網路購物的意願，因此網路購物平台業者要重視並且消弭這樣的知覺風險，這同時也將會提升消費者在網路購物的動機；如同實體商店，消費者也重視與網路購物平台業者之間的關係，也就是說，當有網路購物平台業者提供的客服是良善的，在購物前、中、後都重視消費者的感受、照顧消費者，建立一個良好的顧客關係，不僅提升消費者使用網路購物平台的意願，更能夠加深消費者對該網路購物平台的忠誠度。 然而，在調節項寂寞感的作用之下，並無明顯的調節效果，本研究建議後續相關研究者可以針對此項因素的影響力進行質化研究，例如深度訪談法。實務貢獻提供網路購物平台業者對於50歲以上國民的行銷策略上，除了以折扣優惠吸引此一族群的消費者之外，也應重視消費者心理層面上的感受、並且提供完整的資訊及即時有效的客服幫助消費者解決購物問題，建立消費者在網路購物平台上的專屬資產成本，達到良好的顧客關係循環。 / The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of various external factors, including preference of human contact, self-actualization, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, shopping motivation, perceived risk, relationship quality and loneliness on consumer attitude toward online shopping and customer loyalty to the particular online shopping platform. We studied the relationship among the variations by using paper-based survey and the online survey. Our target participants were the people who over 50 years old in Taiwan. The data supports the following findings: if the consumer who has higher self-actualization would more likely agree that using online shopping platform to buy goods is useful. However, if the consumer has a higher preference for human contact will have a negative impact on perceived usefulness. Besides, to increase consumer's desire to use online shopping, we should notice that decreasing consumer’s perceived risk such as secure payment service and clear return rules and build a reliable customer relationship are crucial. That means, in addition to giving discounts to attract this group of consumers, online shopping platform company should also pay attention to consumer feelings. In the end, limitations and suggestions to future studies were provided.

為深入瞭解「電子化政府」及ICT應用等相關方案對行政治理之影響，本研究檢視有關ICT應用與社會及公共行政發展之文獻，並以歷史分析之途徑，探討我國推動「電子化政府」之演進，並以「經濟部國際貿易局(以下簡稱國貿局)」為個案研究的對象，探討「電子化政府推動方案」，以及ICT應用方案之實施情形與經驗，以瞭解將ICT運用於公共行政系絡之整體背景與意義；並輔以問卷調查方式，調查行政人員實際運用ICT處理公共事務之現象，以評估公部門所推動之電子化政府計畫之成效，以及ICT應用對行政效能之影響；最後，歸納各項研究發現，陳述本研究之理論及實務意涵，並提供我國未來推動「電子化政府」計畫之建議。 本研究經綜合所獲得的證據後，認為ICT及其應用與當代社會及公共行政發展的關係，並非如「科技決定論」論述所接櫫的單一線性因果關係，認為僅需直接將ICT導入公共事務活動上，即能自動地出現新形態的治理關係與行政實務活動。事實上，ICT及其應用之發展與結果，係一複雜的「社會建構」過程（Bekkers, 1996）。在此一過程中，「ICT應用」與「行動者之認知」及所處之「社會系絡」進行互動；「社會系絡」框架出ICT及其應用的參考架構，並賦與ICT適當的社會意義，：「行動者之認知」則展現其對於ICT之理解與知覺；ICT應用不僅反映出所處系絡的權力、意義與文化價值等社會安排，並成為該體系「維持」及「再生產」的手段。故各類「ICT應用」之態樣，實為在特定社會系絡影響下，行動者之心智模式的一種「再現」。換言之，科技及其應用僅為僅為互動過程之因素之一，並非宰制性的力量。 本文認為ICT應用於公共事務所能產生的影響，係取決於科技應用之社會系絡及其價值與意義。將資訊科技導入公共事務活動上，本身並無法自行出現新型態的治理關係與行政實務，電子化政府的新型態治理與公共行政之發展，仍需透過對於社會正義、民主、自由及人道等價值之反思，役使資訊科技滿足人類與社會發展及成長之需求。

針對「有害廢棄物污染與環境管制政策」的論述主軸，本研究除歷史地探究戰後台灣有害廢棄物污染問題的形成脈絡之外，並選擇「桃園RCA土壤及地下水污染事件」為研究個案，探究在該等污染事件發生之後，如何被定義及解決的具體過程，並闡述地方社區民眾的訴求與心聲；最後則是總結前述研究結果，論述研究個案的政策意涵，並針對「土壤及地下水污染整治法」以及相關的環境管制政策建構提出批判性的思索。 首先，本研究指出有害廢棄物污染此一結構性的問題其實反映了戰後台灣所謂「優良投資環境」的利基之一－相對低廉的環境成本，表現於外便是長期放任與形式化的環境管制。並且，在相關污染事件陸續爆發的1990年代，事態的嚴重性已然超乎政府的能力所及，故而在「私有化」的政策取向之下，政府企圖利用各種「獎勵投資」的策略，例如稅賦減免、放寬 / 簡化土地使用管制、國營事業土地釋出、加強查緝以穩定廢棄物的供給量等措施，藉以扶植民營廢棄物清理業者，並且巧妙地將廢棄物的生產與整體的資本擴大再生產連結了起來。可以預見的是，此一策略或許在短期內可以稍微抑止事業廢棄物流竄的問題，然而卻更進一步地深化了「大量生產－大量消費－大量棄置」的資本主義運作邏輯，絲毫無助於更積極地從源頭減少污染危害的產生。 其次，透過對「桃園RCA土壤及地下水污染事件」的考察，本研究指出戰後台灣具有強大相對自主性的政府雖然以各種政策工具創造出所謂「優良的投資環境」，但是彼等所依恃的環境管理體系偏重「事後管制」而無力於「事前預防」，使得鄰近污染場址的社區民眾、農民與勞工成為環境污染的直接受害者。在跨國資本「賺飽就跑」的移動邏輯，並將污染惡果轉嫁予地方社區之下，後者無異是與總體之「發展」脫勾的。繼而，觀諸污染整治之過程可知，該污染事件徹底地被設定為一個純粹的「技術」問題，由於風險詮釋權力的偏差動員，政府與資本藉由特定科學知識的引介與轉譯所啟動的「技術動員」，其實亦代表了特定「利益動員」之實現。換言之，在「權力動員 → 技術動員 → 利益動員」的過程中，與資本再生產攸關的變更開發利益被普遍化、極大化，地方社區民眾所可能遭致的污染危害則是被選擇性地詮釋，甚至於忽視。此一過程除體現出環境風險「在地化」的脈絡，亦隱含著環境污染所肇致的決策權力不平等，因為民眾們失去了直接參與瞭解，並決定攸關其生活之行動方針的權利與能力。而該等污染事件除指涉環境惡物的生產與分配外，更是和勞動安全、民眾健康、性別平等、社區發展、權力分派等關乎社會正義的問題密切相關，是一個「多元不平等」的公共議題，要解決環境污染所肇致的不平等，便不能忽略其他的社會不平等問題。 基於前述研究發現，本研究提出下列政策建議： 一、在相關污染整治的問題方面： 當污染場址受限於整治技術無法回復至先前狀態，污染行為人亦不須就損害負起賠償責任時，讓受污染土地變更使用應是可以接受的原則，否則土地的閒置將使地方社區再次成為最無辜的犧牲者。不過，為了使環境風險與開發利益能夠得到衡平的考量，整治決策及土地使用變更審議過程中應適度納入民眾參與機制，其意見亦應被尊重與採納，而不是被選擇性地忽略或詮釋，以強化決策之正當性。 二、 在「土壤及地下水污染整治法」之修正方面： （一）管制手段應考量整體工業體系之生產過程，俾積極地從源頭減少 污染危害。 （二）應以「無過失賠償責任」作為追索污染責任之原則，而溯及既往責任應擴及污染之損害賠償責任，賠償範圍亦應增列自然資源之損害。 （三）在公害行政救濟上，相關之污染受害賠償法制、污染補助（償）基金及環境損害強制責任保險等制度，應儘速予以研訂。 （四）在資訊公開與民眾參與方面，應在肯認受污染影響之地方社區民眾擁有「充分資訊的權利」、「公開聽證的權利」、「民主參與及社區團結的權利」、「賠償的權利」，以及「污染清除與被破壞環境復原的權利」等公民權的基礎之上進一步予以強化。 （五）中央政府應適度下放人力、財力與權力，以強化地方政府執行污染防治或整治之能力。 （六）結合污染整治與土地再利用之原則應以更積極、實質的民眾參與為主導。 三、在相關環境管制政策之建構方面： （一）為了打破決策權力不平等所加諸於弱勢者的「環境不正義」，本研究主張政策的制定 / 執行通常是一種主觀的價值選擇，而非如科技決定論者所謂的客觀事實之認定。在一個民主的社會裡，選擇的權力應該保留在民眾的手中，也唯有經由民主的參與才可以促進理性目標的達成。 （二）在相關污染事件的整治過程中，科技專家的角色應該不再是決策的「仲裁者」或「決定者」，而是各種民眾參與機制的「促進者」；並且，彼等的基於高深的統計數據或模式之論述典範亦應稍作轉化，俾使民眾能夠更清楚地瞭解科學論述的意義，而非反倒成為其參與之障礙。 （三）正因有害廢棄物污染危機實源自於資本的生產決策（其將污染惡物之處理成本外部化），進而在既有環境管理系統無法控制經濟事務的窘境之下，唯有藉由民眾參與的不斷實踐來尋求「生產的民主化」，讓資本自行擔負起應有的處理責任，才是解決當前困境之道。質言之，民眾參與除了技術層次的探討（如哪些人參與？如何參與？參與程度為何？）之外，更應肯認的是其實質定位與意義（如決策權力的賦予或分享、風險論述之地位平等）。

新創科技公司源源不斷的產生，是經濟發展的主要動力。美國1995年後崛起的公司，其中大部份為科技公司，所創造的股東價值是《財星》500大企業的二倍。台灣新竹科學園區，20年以來成立了300多家公司，創造出台灣GDP約10%的產值，新創科技公司之重要性可見一斑。 新創科技公司具有新創公司及科技公司兩者的特性，其營運不確定性高，創業者的創業精神及意志力是公司成敗關鍵，建立團隊、資金募集、及產品研發是創業者最主要的工作。 由於資本市場與產業市場快速的變化，新創科技公司在資金募集及研發管理上，面臨從所未有的變局。過去一年，在矽谷有上千家新創科技公司因資金募集不順或研發管理失利，而關門大吉。這是矽谷從所未有的現象。 究竟新創科技公司的資金募集及研發管理，有何關鍵要素以及資金募集及研發管理二者績效之關聯性如何，本研究以矽谷及台灣19家新創科技公司為研究對象，所包含產業有IC設計業，光電業，光通訊業，IC設備業，醫療設備業，及電子材料業等，獲得『影響新創科技公司資金募集及研發管理績效之關鍵要素』，以及二者之關聯性之結論如下： 一、資金募集 根據文獻研讀，影響新創科技公司資金募集績效的關鍵要素有：創業團隊能力因素，環境因素，及報酬與風險因素；而根據個案研究結果，創業者必須在不同發展階段，掌握不同的關鍵要素，分述如下： １　種子期 (1) 完善的營運計劃 (2) 募資時機的掌握 (3) 創業者所具備達成超高報酬率之條件 (4) 具號召力股東的參與 (5) 明確了解募資對象的決策特質，投資偏好、及投資策略 ２　創建期 除了種子期之關鍵要素之外，另產品要獲得關鍵客戶之認可，研發進度要等合原設定目標，關鍵股東或董事對募資的持續支持，亦均為關鍵要素。 ３　擴張期 公司商品化及量產能力，行銷、財務管理能力之優劣為此時期資金募集成敗之關鍵要素。 二、研發管理 根據文獻探討，影響新創科技公司研發管理績效的關鍵要素有：產品定位，外部資源運用及整合能力，內部資源管理及整合能力。另經個案研究發現，新創科技公司因研發資源有限，所以要研發什麼產品，不但要有方向感（即產品定位），同時尚要能因應技術及市場的變化，降低研發風險，所以要有產品組合之規劃。且創業者不但要具備良好技術背景，同時要藉創業精神及領導力，來吸引優秀人才加入『前途未卜』的新創科技公司。另外，新創公司之研發進度往往落後於設定目標，所以利害關係人（董事、股東、顧客、供應商、及員工）的耐心支持，亦是非常重要的。歸納個案研究發現下列五項影響研發管理績效關鍵要素： 1　明確的產品定位及產品組合 2　良好的研發專案管理能力 3　CEO或CTO應具良好的技術背景及領導力，以吸引優良技術人才加入 4　公司內外部研發資源良好之整合能力 5　利害關係人的支持 三、資金募集及研發管理二者績效之關聯性 依個案研究分析結果，對於二者之關聯性可獲得下述之結論： 1. 研發管理績效不佳者，資金募集通常難以成功，而研發管理具良好績效者，其資金募集較易成功。 2. 資金募集績效良好者，必須具備良好之研發管理，而資金募集績效不佳者，未必研發管理績效不佳。 / High-tech start-ups are the powerhouses of economic development. The total market value of high-tech start-ups that launched after 1995 is twice of that of Fortune 500 companies combined. The Hsinchu Science Park of Taiwan has incubated some 300 companies since her inception 20 years ago. To date these 300 companies generate in total a revenue of about 10% value of Taiwan’s GDP. High-tech start-ups have the attributes of start-ups and high-techs. As start-ups, they face so many uncertainties along the way. And as high-techs, they face dynamic market environments and short life cycle of products. Only through the founders’ entrepreneurship and strong motivation, can the high-tech start-ups survive and prosper. Team building, fund raising and R&D are the main jobs of every founder. Recently, because of the unpredictable change of capital markets and industry markets, the high-tech start-ups have experienced a great challenge in fund raising and R&D management. For the past year alone in Silicon Valley, there have been more than 1000 high-tech start-ups filed Chapter 11 or Chapter 7, out of the failure of funding or R&D. A cruel scene has never been seen for the past two decades. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this thesis intend to explore the key success factors (KSFs) of fund raising and R&D management for high-tech start-ups, and the relationship between the success of fund raising and R&D management. This study was conducted by using case study methodology covering 19 samples of high-tech start-ups. The accidental sampling was collected from 9 samples located in the Silicon Valley and 10 in Taiwan, with industries ranging from IC design, opto-electronics, opto-communications, IC equipment, health care equipment to electronics components. The data was obtained by interviewing the top management of these companies and venture capitalist to validate the information. CONCLUSION The result of this study found that the KSFs of fund raising are as follows, 1. According to the research papers and readings, three key factors determine the success of fund raising--- the core competence of the management team, the economic, industrial and social environment, and the investment return vs. risk. 2. This study shows that the KSFs are related to the maturity of high-tech start-ups’ development levels. They are not all the same. In embryo stage, the KSFs are the solid business plan, the right timing of fund raising, the team’s track record, and the knowledge to know the prospective investor’s decision criteria, investment preferences and investment strategy. In early stage, the KSFs should add two more points; one is that the products shall have design-wins from strategic customers with the achievement of milestone complying with schedule, the other is the continuing support from strategic investors. In expansionary stage, the KSFs are the products’ marketability and manufacturability. Also the marketing ability and financial ability are no less important. Moreover, the key factors affect the success of R&D management as follows, 1. In the research papers and readings, three determinants to the success of R&D management are the products’ positioning, the application and integration ability of external resources, as well as the management and integration ability of internal resources. 2. In the analysis of this study, the KSFs, emphasize more on the sides of strategic thinking and founders’ entrepreneurship as follows: a. The right product positioning and products portfolio; b. The good R&D project management skills; 　c. The founders’ good technical background and leadership to attract top-notched technical staff to join; d. The good integration ability of internal and external resources; e. The full support of shareholders. Above all, regarding the relationship between the success of fund raising and R&D management, the poor performance of R&D will, in general, leads to the failure of fund raising, whilst the good performance of R&D will help the success of fund raising. However, one with the success of fund raising, must couple with the good performance of R&D, and one with the failure of fund raising, not necessarily goes with poor performance of R&D.

創新是否能有助於企業成長與績效提升從過去以來一直是各文獻致力於探討的議題，隨著近年來服務業在各國產值比重有明顯上升的趨勢，許多學者更開始把較無型、較屬於服務業的創新從創新中獨立出來，並稱之為「服務創新」。每家企業的服務創新程度都會隨著企業內部資源與外部環境因素的不同而有所差異，因此本研究將著重在探討企業內外部有哪些因素可能會影響企業發展服務創新，以及在發展服務創新後是否真的能對企業績效表現有著正面的影響。 本研究透過質化的方法對四家台灣的銀行進行深入的訪談，從訪談結果和過去文獻中找出許多影響企業服務創新的因素，這些因素可以被歸納為資源基礎理論所稱的資源，企業透過強化這些內外部的資源將將可在市場上獲得競爭優勢，進而獲得較多的利潤。歸納結果後本研究做出以下論述：就企業內部資源而言（１）企業策略、組織資源與企業網絡、企業風險忍受程度、領導、市場導向皆對企業發展服務創有正面的幫助。（２）資訊科技整合平台應用在銀行業對於服務創新的幫助並不大。（３）就外部因素而言，政府因素、競爭對手模仿創新的能力將不利於企業發展服務創新。（４）企業發展服務創新將可提升整體企業形象與客戶忠誠度，這些都會促使企業績效成長。 　　最後，本研究根據訪談結果與次級資料發現企業內部因素中的組織資源與企業網絡是目前台灣銀行業要發展服務創新致勝的重要關鍵。此外，就企業外部因素來說，台灣目前銀行業的外部環境是不是很有利於服務創新發展，銀行應與政府主管機關多溝通協調，以改善發展環境。 / Whether innovation can affect firm’s performance is an important issue from past literature review. Since service industry become higher share in GDP in many countries, Scholars has departed service innovation from innovation. Every firms have different service innovation level because of different inner and outside resources. Therefore, this research will emphasize on discussing what kind of factors might affect firm to develop service innovation, and whether service innovation can really contribute to firm’s performance. In this research I collect many factors which might affect firms to develop service innovation from deep interviews four banks in Taiwan and past literature review. With those factors, firms can create competitive advantage and earn more profit. And I sort out few proposition as below: (1) If one firm do well at Company Strategy , Network of organizations , Leadership , Risk Tolerance , Market Orientation, then it will develop service innovation better than others firms. (2) IT Integration is not an important factor for developing service innovation in Taiwan’s bank industry. (3) Government Regulation , Competitor Imitate will make disadvantage for developing service innovation. (4) Service innovation will lead better Company Image and Customer Loyalty. Finally, according to the result from interviews and secondary data, I find that Network of organizations is the most important element for bank to get advantage in service innovation. And banks should be more emphasize on reduce disadvantage from external factors.