Boendeojämlikheter har ökat i Sverige sedan 90-talet. Detta faktum ställer krav på svenska kommuner att hantera den negativa utvecklingen och arbeta med en hållbar bostadsförsörjning. Kommunala policydokument i form av bostadsförsörjningsplaner och riktlinjer för markanvisning är verktyg för kommuner att ställa sociala krav vid byggande och planering av bostäder. Det saknas uppgifter om i vilken utsträckning kommuner ställer sociala krav vid markanvisning i syfte att främja en hållbar bostadsförsörjning och skapa social rättvisa.  Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och analysera i vilken utsträckning kommuner inom Region Stockholm ställer krav på social hållbarhet i kommunernas riktlinjer för markanvisning och bostadsförsörjningsprogram samt granska samband mellan hur höga och låga medianinkomster påverkar sociala krav i policydokument. Empirin består av 26 kommuners riktlinjer för markanvisning och bostadsförsörjningsprogram som bearbetas genom innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i Fainsteins teori om rumslig och social rättvisa. Genom att studera Region Stockholms kommuner har studien uppmärksammat att sociala krav i många fall är bristfälligt hos kommuner / Increased housing inequalities in Sweden have been on the rise since the 1990s. This fact places demands on Swedish municipalities to address the negative development and work towards sustainable housing provision. Municipal policy documents in the form of housing supply plans and guidelines for land allocation serve as tools for municipalities to impose social demands in the construction and planning of housing. There is a lack of information regarding the extent to which municipalities impose social demands during land allocation with the aim of promoting sustainable housing provision and creating social justice. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyze the extent to which municipalities within the Stockholm Region impose demands for social sustainability in their guidelines for land allocation and housing supply programs, as well as to investigate the correlation between how high and low median income influence social demands in policy documents. The empirical data consists of guidelines for land allocation and housing supply programs from 26 municipalities, which are analyzed through content analysis based on Fainstein's theory of spatial and social justice. By studying the municipalities in the Stockholm Region, the study has brought attention to the inadequate presence of social demands in many cases.

A spatial analysis of the bifacial arrowheads from the Swedish county of Dalarna, located in the inland area of middle Sweden, is presented in this thesis. The study aims to understand how the arrowheads relate to land use and mobility in the landscape. Produced to be mobile and portable, arrows are of sorts synonymous with movement and mobility. Side by side with an exploration of mobility, the activities in the landscape surrounding the arrowheads are investigated with the concept of taskscape. Bifacial arrowheads are found all over Sweden, and in the northern parts they were used most extensively during the Early Metal Age (2000 BC–1 BC). The raw materials used for producing the arrowheads in Dalarna are various local stone materials, but the raw materials have also been spread over long distances, which indicate high mobility or an established contact network. Waterways and ridges in the landscape are suggested as possible communication routes. The bifacial arrowheads are found on different types of dwellings in the landscape, many of them on sites with a mixed chronology. The area by the lake Venjan stands out with its numerous workshop sites, which have a large material of points in red quartzite sandstone, indicating that specialization has taken place. In other parts of Dalarna, the arrowheads are understood as part of a standard toolkit. The study shows the possibilities to analyze archaeological material in the Swedish inland forest areas, which archaeological sites and material needs to be further investigated.

Det här är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Studien har berört högstadieelevers upplevda otrygghet utifrån omklädningsrummets fysiska utformning. Syftet har varit att undersöka hur rumsliga formelement kan bidra till ökad upplevelse av trygghet hos målgruppen samt underlätta användningen av omklädningsrummets funktioner genom rumslig information. Arbetet har utgått från en befintlig lokal.  För att öka förståelsen för människans rumsupplevelser har teorier inom miljöpsykologi, perceptionsforskning och färg- och formlära använts. Genom att kombinera metoderna platsanalys, workshop, fokusgrupp och intervju har undersökningen kunnat ge en samlad bild av vad som upplevs otryggt utifrån studiens kontext. Med stöd från den insamlade empirin och litteratur har ett designförslag tagits fram för att möta användarnas behov av trygghet. Ökad upplevelse av trygghet kan åstadkommas genom att organisera rumsliga formelement så att exponerade ytor minskar och mer avskildhet uppnås. Ett konceptuellt formspråk kan öka trivseln och bidra till tydlighet som underlättar för rummets aktiviteter. Utifrån omklädningsrummets fysiska förutsättningar har hänsyn tagits till ökad tillgänglighet. / This is a bachelor's thesis in information design with a focus on spatial design. The study concerns high school students' perceived exposure in relation to the physical design of the school gym's changing room. The purpose of the study has been to examine how spatial design elements can contribute to an increased sense of security for the target group and simplify the use of the changing room's functions through spatial information. The design has been based on an existing changing room. To increase the understanding of people’s experience of physical space, theories in environmental psychology, research in perception as well as shape and color theory have been applied. By combining the methods of spatial analysis, workshop, focus group and interview, the survey has been able to provide an overall picture of what is perceived as contributing factors to the feeling of insecurity based on the context of the study. Using the collected empirical data and literature, a design proposal has been developed to meet the users' need of perceived safety. An increased sense of integrity can be achieved by organizing spatial elements so that it creates fewer exposed areas and consequently more privacy can be achieved. Conceptual design elements can increase well-being and provide clarity to the room's intended activities. Based on the changing room's physical preconditions, an ambition to increase overall accessibility has been taken into account.

When building new residential areas, accessibility is important to consider, environments must be created that all people can use regardless of who they are. Whether a person has a disability or not, environments must be designed for both physical and social accessibility. This means that people must have the physical opportunity to visit an area on foot, by bicycle, bus and car or other means of communication. Individuals must also feel welcome to visit the place, so-called social accessibility, by designing the environment in an inviting and adapted way. This applies to the construction of new residential areas, densification of existing and other types of urban spaces.  This essay has aimed to investigate how and to what extent accessibility from a social sustainability context is treated in today's detailed planning in the municipality of Umea. The essay laid its foundation in a time-geographical perspective, with a focus on the built environment and densification’s impact on accessibility. Five detailed plans were selected from the municipality's website, these are spread over the city and have gained legal force between the years 2012 and 2020. By using content analysis together with coding, the plan-descriptions for each detailed plan were compiled in order to highlight the plans consideration of accessibility. The result that the essay arrived at shows that accessibility from a social sustainability context varies to a large extent in the planning descriptions depending on its scope. In general, it is possible to see a great focus on accessibility through the spatial design of the planning areas as well as the adaptation and development of pedestrian and cycle paths, public transport, and roads.

I stadsmiljöer världen över står grönområden som fundamentala inslag för att skapa levande och hållbara städer. Dessa områden erbjuder en rad fördelar, exempelvis att förbättra människors fysiska och psykiska hälsa. I ett samhälle där stressrelaterade sjukdomar blir allt vanligare, finns det en allt större angelägenhet att forska kring stadens gröna tillgångar. Forskning pekar även på att grönområden kan fungera som broar mellan medborgare från olika socioekonomiska bakgrunder, och kan motverka de klyftor som finns i samhället. Grönområden är dock ofta ojämnt fördelade inom städer, och att denna fördelning styrs ofta av sociala faktorer. Det finns därmed ett intresse att undersöka hur kommuner uttrycker sina visioner och mål gällande grönområden.I denna uppsats undersöks hur rumslig rättvisa och social hållbarhet, specifikt kopplade till grönområden, återspeglas och beskrivs i de visioner och mål som presenteras i en kommuns översiktsplan. I detta fall har uppsatsens undersökning valt att fokusera på Västerås Stads översiktsplan. Visar översiktsplanen en medvetenhet gällande tillgänglighetsutmaningar till grönområden i relation till sociala faktorer, och om översiktsplanen tydliggör konkreta åtgärder och strategier för att tackla dessa frågor.Uppsatsens undersökning har tillämpat Mats Lindbergs metod för kvalitativ idéanalys, för att utforska de idéer, i form av de visioner, mål och strategier som uttrycks i Västerås Stads översiktsplan. Undersökningen har använt sig av värdeutsagor, beskrivande utsagor och föreskrivande utsagor för att undersöka hur rumslig rättvisa och socialhållbarhet reflekteras i kommunens visioner, mål och strategier för grönområden.Undersökningen visar på att Västerås Stads översiktsplan starkt reflekterar både principerna för rumslig rättvisa och social hållbarhet genom sitt fokus på invånarnas välbefinnande och tillgänglighet till stadens resurser. Undersökningen visar även på att Västerås Stads strategier och åtgärder lägger ett stort fokus på att det handlar om ett helhetsperspektiv. Beslut måste tas med framtiden i åtanke och grundade i kunskap, både utifrån naturliga förutsättningar och invånarnas erfarenheter.

Constructed Banquet explores the meal; its preparation, consumption and remains. Through a (re)construction and arrangement of the spatial context I reflect upon fixed ideas and ingrained behaviors. The aim is to illuminate and shed light on entrenched be- haviors and notions surrounding dining. To transcend the ordinary and let the mundane become extraordinary. During the process I have been making patterns of the everyday ac- tivity of eating - through simplifications, interpretations and exaggerations. The approach of playfulness and curiosity has guided me as I navigate this exploration.  In parallel, I delve into the history of how we gather around a meal. Revisiting traditions, rituals and manners associated with communal dining. Through (re)interpretations and interventions I craft tools that speak a body language. I want to create and stage exagger- ations and deviate from the expected, to let artifacts and new contexts provoke reflection.  By examining the tools and practices of dining, Constructed Banquet took departure in a series of interactive workshops where participants used various unconventional eating tools. These tools, influenced the participants’ character and behavior during the meal, re- vealing the impact of cutlery on social behavior. Additionally, the workshops emphasized the aesthetic value of the traces left behind after a meal, challenging the common urge to erase evidence of use and pointing out the importance of a balance between functionality and the emotional resonance of everyday objects.

Servicelandskapet och dess utformning där företagets tjänst produceras och konsumeras har kommit att bli allt viktigare ur ett marknadsföringsperspektiv. Detta då platsen kan användas för att skapa positiva upplevelser för slutkunderna, och samtidigt fungera som en effektiv kommunikationskanal för att förmedla varumärket. Syftet med studien är därmed att generera kunskap till ämnesområdet varumärkeskommunikation, genom att undersöka hur arkitekt-och designbyråer, på uppdrag av tjänsteföretag, strategiskt planerar utformningen av servicelandskap för att stärka kundens varumärke. För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ ansats tillämpats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att en grundförutsättning för att arkitekt-och designbyråerna ska kunna förmedla en representativ bild av varumärket är att de bildar sig en förkunskap kring företaget och dess varumärke. Det har även framkommit att flera strategier kombineras vid planering av servicelandskapets utformning. Där upplevelsen och dess påverkan genom stimulering av sinnen, samt upprepning av företagets visuella uttryck och budskap i den rumsliga miljön visat sig vara viktiga strategier för att kunna stärka ett varumärke i servicelandskapet. / The servicescape and its design, where the company's services are produced and consumed, have become increasingly important from a marketing perspective. One reason is that the place can be used to create positive experiences for the guests, while also serving as an effective communication channel to communicate the brand. The aim of the study is therefore to generate knowledge in the field of brand communication, by exploring how architect-and design agencies, on behalf of service companies, strategically plan the design of the servicescape to strengthen the customer's brand. To explore this, a qualitative approach has been applied in form of semi-structured interviews. The results of the study show that one essential condition for the architect-and design agencies to be able to communicate a representative image of the brand, is that they gain an informed understanding of the company and its brand. It has also been found that several strategies are combined when planning the design of the servicescape. The experience and its influence through stimulation of the senses, as well as repetition of the company's visual expressions and messages in the spatial environment, have been found as important strategies for strengthening a brand in the servicescape.

During the period 1967-1995, Swedish mental healthcare underwent a complete re-organisation, starting with county councils taking over responsibility for mental healthcare from the state. Asylums were then phased out and mental health care moved closer to patients. The Mental Health Reform of 1995 completed this decentralisation and put the emphasis on an independent and integrated life as a citizen in society and the idea of a dwelling of one’s own. This thesis describes and analyses spatial aspects of decentralised mental healthcare in Sweden, focusing on the decentralisation discourse regarding organisation, localisation, patient care and working methods behind decentralisation and its spatial performance. A case study of decentralised mental healthcare in Nacka, a Stockholm suburb, between 1958-1999 examines in particular the emerging decentralisation discourse 1958-1973, The Nacka Project 1974-1980 (one of the first examples of community care in Sweden), psychiatry in Nacka 1980-1994 and the official report Welfare and Freedom of Choice from 1995. The methods used include studies of documents, interviews, visual and architectural drawing analysis. The theoretical point of departure for the analysis is a post-structural heterogeneous concept of space where spatial materiality and discursiveness are looked upon as intertwined.    The result shows that the re-organisation of mental healthcare brought about a substantial spatial transformation. Normalisation of patients’ lives involved integration into society and support for independent living. The local environment was the main trope for the early stage of decentralised mental healthcare, but the notion of a dwelling of one’s own became the important trajectory to an independent life after 1995. The idea of the patient is challenged by the independence discourse, which could be said to contain an idea of the ‘non-patient’. Overall, it can be concluded that spatial organisations of the built environment are never value-free or neutral. They reflect, enable and constrain power relations in a society and material space can contribute to the power of one group at the expense of another. Furthermore, the results of the spatialities, or the meanings, cannot be predicted. It is therefore crucial to distinguish power in all its configurations and scales and to keep negotiations alive, especially within the field of mental healthcare, but also in the care sector as a whole and in other societal institutions where policies buildings and built environment interact with user practices. This kaleidoscopic perspective can be used for examining complexities in the past and present and for encouraging future potentialities in the process of making/enacting spatial relations. / QC 20120306

Uppsatsen är en rumslig läsning av Ulla Isakssons Kvinnohuset (1952) där romanens rumsliga aspekter och Huset som motiv undersöks med narratologiska verktyg. Romanen diskuteras också utifrån rollteori och sin ideologiska kontext i det socialdemokratiska välfärdssamhället. Romanen kretsar kring några av de kvinnor som bor i “Huset” - ett kollektivhus för självförsörjande kvinnor. Triangeldramat mellan Tryggve (en regissör med en våning på Stan), Anna (som är hans fru men bor i Huset) och Eva (en skådespelerska och Tryggves nya älskarinna) är centralt i romanen då Tryggve ordnar en lägenhet åt Eva i Huset. Studien visar att det i Kvinnohuset finns en stark sammanlänkning av rumslig, social och känslomässig ordning. De rum de olika kvinnorna tillskrivs hjälper till att definiera både dem själva och deras relationer - i romanen finns det ett tematiserat samband mellan den plats där kärleksrelationer utspelas och den karaktär dessa relationer har. Trapphuset är det främsta rummet för interaktion mellan kvinnorna och därigenom ett rum där de tydligast kämpar om att definiera situationer och upprätthålla roller och masker. Huset fungerar som en viktig organiserande princip för romanen, vilket märks på fabulaplan men också genom att narrerandet placeras i Husets lägenheter, även när de händelser som beskrivs skett på andra platser. Huset beskrivs i romanen både som ett väsen och som ett begrepp för kvinnokollektivet. Att vara bosatt i Huset är i romanen starkt förknippat med att inneha en viss erfarenhetsposition - den erfarna och svikna kvinnans. I uppsatsen undersöker jag också konstruktionen av manligt och kvinligt i relation till hem och offentliga platser. Trots att kvinnorna inte bor tillsammans med män fokuserar de flesta av kvinnorna sin längtan på män, och flera av dem får under romanen tillfälle att agera värdinnor i det egna hemmet. / This thesis is a spatial reading of the Ulla Isaksson novel Kvinnohuset (first published in 1952) where the focus is on the spatial aspects of the novel and the House as a motif. Kvinnohuset is set in 1952 and revolves around a group of women who live in a residential building for single working women, Stockholm. The main plot is a love triangle between the director Tryggve, his wife Anna and his new mistress Eva, an actress. For the analysis I use contextualization on both an internallevel and an external level and an interdisciplinary selection of theories are used – performativity theory, spatial theory, narratology. The novel is also seen in relation to the historic context of socialdemocrat twentieth century Sweden. The house is found to function as a main organizing principle of the novel. The novel is also found to be a rich example of narrative space being intertwined with the social and emotional aspects of the text. The fabula revolves around the house – from Eva moving in to Anna being brought out – and narrating is often situated within the apartments, even when the events narrated take place in the city or elsewhere. The House is referred to as a creature, sometimes at the sametime referring to the collective of women residents as a social unit. The character of The House depends on the focalizor, and therefore shifts. Individual women characters' spaces are also used tocharacterize them and their relations – to the House, the novel and the narrative universe. The interplay between rooms and human relationships are thematized in the novel – each love affair isassigned its own space. The interaction in the stairways and the connection between the collectiveand the outside male world are also found to be central for the novel. In this thesis the construction of female and male in relation to homes and public space is also explored, since the novel is set in the 1950's when the idea of the woman as a housewifepeaked in popularity. The women are found to act as hostesses in their homes, using housework as acomforting practice in difficult situations.

The main concern of this licentiate thesis is to discuss how built space is used for communication in the manufacturing industry, from a visual communication perspective. The thesis presents and develops the notion of 'communication space' and presents a model to describe the relation between different factors in the communication space. In a multiple case study, six different cases from the manufacturing industry are described and analyzed to highlight how built space is used for communication in a lean production context. Research results on how built spaces such as improvement places, meeting places and a development workshop affect improvement processes and communication are presented. What the studied improvement areas, meeting places and workshop can be said to communicate about the improvement processes is analyzed. The research results show that the built spaces in manufacturing industry are used for communication on two levels, both as places for interaction between employees and as a part of a communication process. The study also shows a relation between architecture from a specific time and the relation to the improvement work in the industrial context. How the results can be used to facilitate communication in the built spaces used for improvement processes in manufacturing industry is suggested in the thesis. / DeViP and Kaikaku