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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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The management of sustainable action plans at selected nature-based attractions in Botswana / Ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisimeme ezikhethiwe zokukhangiswa kwemvelo eBotswana / Die bestuur van volhoubare aksieplanne by geselekteerde natuurgebaseerde besienswaardighede in BotswanaNyamandi, Thembelihle 01 1900 (has links)
Abstract in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / Tourism generates foreign currency and employment, and proper planning and management benefits the community and environment upon which tourism depends. The study investigated the management of sustainable action plans at selected nature-based attractions in Botswana, namely; Gaborone Game Reserve, Khutse Game Reserves, and Mokolodi Nature Reserve. Purposive, convenience and snowball sampling yielded 25 respondents for semi-structured interviews. Findings highlighted that sustainable action plans, like recycling and engaging local labour, were managed and implemented to a small extent. The conclusions were that the full potential of sustainable action plans management needed to be fully explored.
The study recommends government enforcement of policies, master plans and strategies for management of sustainable action plans in nature-based attractions; and decentralisation of public nature-based attractions to allow managers full management of sustainable action plans. Government and private sector should fund management of all nine sustainable action plans, and implement a holistic tourism strategy to retain the quality of tourists’ experiences. / Ezokuvakasha zidala imali yangaphandle kanye nomsebenzi, nokuhlelwa kahle nokuphathwa kahle komphakathi kanye nemvelo lapho ezokuvakasha zincike khona. Ucwaningo lucwaninge ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisimeme ezikhethiwe zokukhangiswa kwemvelo eBotswana, okuyiSiqiwi iGaborone, iSiqiwi iKhutse, nokuGcinwa kweMvelo iMokolodi. Imibonakaliso ekhethwe ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zabantu kanye nenhloso yocwaningo (purposive sampling), indlela yokubala nokudweba idatha emele ngokukhetha abantu ngenxa yokukhululeka kokuzithandela kwabo (convenience sampling) kanye nabacwaningi bezokucwaninga abathatha abanye abahlanganyeli ukuze banze ucwaningo (snowball sampling) inikeza abaphenduli abangu-25 ngemibuzo ehleliwe. Okutholakele kubonise ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisimeme, njengokuvuselela kabusha nokubandakanya abasebenzi basekhaya, zaphathwa futhi zenziwa ngendlela encane. Isiphetho sasiwukuthi amandla aphelele okuphathwa ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisimeme kufanele ahlolwe.
Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuqiniswa kwezinqubomgomo kuhulumeni, izinhlelo ezinhle kanye namasu okuphathwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisimeme ezikhethiwe zokukhangiswa kwemvelo; kanye nokwabiwa kwamandla okukhangayo okusekelwe emphakathini ukuvumela abaphathi ukuphatha ngokugcwele kwalezi zinhlelo. Uhulumeni kanye nezimboni ezizimele kufanele baxhase ukuphathwa kwazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisimeme eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi basebenzise uhlelo lwezokuvakasha oluphelele ukugcina isipiliyoni sabavakashi sisezingeni. / Toerisme genereer buitelandse valuta en werkverskaffing, en behoorlike beplanning en
bestuur is tot voordeel van die gemeenskap en omgewing waarop toerisme staatmaak.
Die studie het die bestuur van volhoubare aksieplanne by geselekteerde
natuurgebaseerde besienswaardighede in Botswana, naamlik die Gaborone, Khutse en
Mokolodi Natuurreservate, ondersoek. Doelbewuste, gerief- en
sneeubalsteekproefneming het 25 respondente vir semigestruktureerde onderhoude
opgelewer. Volgens die bevindings, is volhoubare aksieplanne soos herwinning en die
gebruik van plaaslike arbeid, tot ’n mate bestuur en geïmplementeer. Die gevolgtrekking
was dat die volle potensiaal van volhoubare aksieplanbestuur verken moet word.
Die studie het regeringstoepassing van beleide, meesterplanne en strategieë aanbeveel
vir die bestuur van volhoubare aksieplanne in natuurgebaseerde besienswaardighede;
en die desentralisasie van openbare natuurgebaseerde besienswaardighede om
bestuurders toe te laat om hierdie planne ten volle te bestuur. Die regering en die privaat
sektor behoort die bestuur van al nege die volhoubare aksieplanne te befonds, en 'n
holistiese toerismestrategie te implementeer om die gehalte van toeriste-ervarings te
behou. / Transport Economics, Logistics and Tourism / M. Com. (Tourism Management)
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Environmental law perspectives on the regulation of ecotourism in South Africa's transition to a green economy / Rozanne Elizabeth LubbeLubbe, Rozanne Elizabeth January 2013 (has links)
South Africa and the rest of the world currently face an exacerbating threat of environmental degradation, which can be partly ascribed to the fact that some parts of society still place economic growth as a priority over environmental conservation. This study shows that such an approach is only profitable over the short term and actually causes more harm than good. On the other hand, the world is still recovering from the major 2008 global financial crisis. To tip the scale back into balance, it is crucial that economic -, social -, and environmental development be sustainable; from now and into the future.
This study recognises that, to achieve sustainable development at all three levels, a transition to a green economy is needed. In essence a green economy requires investment in the environment for the benefit of both society and the economy.
This study then goes on to show that ecotourism can be used as a manner to invest in the environment, whilst at the same time uplifting society and improving the economy. Subsequently it is identified as a key driver of a green economy.
However, a daunting reality is that ecotourism developments and - activities also threaten the environment. This study therefore argues that ecotourism has to be regulated effectively; otherwise it will not live up to its purpose and may, as a result, curtail South Africa’s efforts of a transition to a green economy, instead of positively contributing to it.
This study asks the question: Does South Africa’s environmental legislation provide for the effective regulation of ecotourism? This question is answered by considering whether various relevant pieces of national environmental legislation measure up to certain criteria that is inherent to the effective regulation of ecotourism. Finally this study serves to show that; from an environmental law perspective, and to the extent that this study investigated the ecotourism environment, ecotourism as a phenomenon is regulated effectively in South Africa. However, it appears that there still remains tremendous scope for improvement. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Aspekte van regsbeheer in die konteks van die Internet / Aspects of legal regulation in the context of the InternetGordon, Barrie James 06 1900 (has links)
Die wêreld soos dit vandag bestaan, is gebaseer op die Internasionaalregtelike
konsep van soewereiniteit. State het die bevoegdheid om hulle eie sake
te reël, maar die ontwikkeling van die Internet as ’n netwerk wat globaal
verspreid is, het hierdie beginsel verontagsaam. Dit wou voorkom asof die
Internet die einde van soewereiniteit en staatskap sou beteken.
’n Geskiedkundige oorsig toon dat reguleerders aanvanklik onseker was
oor hoe hierdie nuwe medium hanteer moes word. Dit het geblyk dat nuwe
tegnologieë wat fragmentasie van die Internet bewerkstellig, gebruik kon
word om staatsgebonde regsreëls af te dwing. Verskeie state van die wêreld
het uiteenlopende metodologieë gevolg om die Internet op staatsvlak te
probeer reguleer, en dit het tot die lukraak-wyse waarop die Internet tans
gereguleer word, aanleiding gegee.
Hierdie studie bespreek verskeie aspekte van regsbeheer in die konteks
van die Internet, en bepaal daardeur hoe die Internet tans gereguleer word.
Toepaslike wetgewing van verskeie state word regdeur die studie bespreek.
Vier prominente state, wat verskeie belangrike ingrepe ten aansien van
Internetregulering gemaak het, word verder uitgelig. Dit is die Verenigde
State van Amerika, die Volksrepubliek van Sjina, die Europese Unie as
verteenwoordiger van Europese state, en Suid-Afrika. Aspekte wat op
Internasionaalregtelike vlak aangespreek moet word, soos internasionale
organisasies en internasionale regsteorieë ten aansien van die regulering
van die Internet, word ook onder die loep geneem.
Die bevindings wat uit die studie volg, word gebruik om verskeie
aanbevelings te maak, en die aanbevelings word uiteindelik in ’n nuwe
model saamgevoegom’n sinvoller wyse van regulering van die Internet voor
te stel.
Aangesien die huidige studie in die konteks van die Internasionale
reg onderneem word, word die studie afgesluit met ’n bespreking van
kubersoewereiniteit, wat ’n uiteensetting is van hoe soewereiniteit ten
aansien van die Internet toegepas behoort te word. Die gevolgtrekking is
insiggewend — die ontwikkeling van die Internet het nie die einde van
soewereiniteit beteken nie, maar het dit juis bevestig. / The world is currently structured in different states, and this is premised
on the International law concept of sovereignty. States have the capacity
to structure their own affairs, but the development of the Internet as a
globally distributed network has violated this principle. It would seem that
the development of the Internet would mean the end of sovereignty and
statehood.
A historical overview shows that regulators were initially unsure of how
this new medium should be dealt with. It appeared that new technologies
that could fragment the Internet, could be used to enforce state bound
law. Several states of the world have used different methodologies trying to
regulate the Internet at state level, and this led to the random way in which
the Internet is currently regulated.
This study examines various aspects of legal regulation in the context
of the Internet, and determines how the Internet is currently regulated.
Appropriate legislation of several states are discussed throughout the
study. Four prominent states, which made several important interventions
regarding the regulation of the Internet, are highlighted further. It is the
United States, the People’s Republic of China, the European Union as the
representative of European countries, and South Africa. Aspects that need to
be addressed on International law level, such as international organizations
and international legal theories regarding the regulation of the Internet, are
also discussed.
The findings that follow from this study are used to make several
recommendations, which in turn are used to construct a new model for a
more meaningful way in which the Internet could be regulated.
Since the present study is undertaken in the context of the International
law, the study is concluded with a discussion of cyber sovereignty, which
is a discussion of how sovereignty should be applied with regards to the
Internet. The conclusion is enlightening—the development of the Internet
does not indicate the end of sovereignty, but rather confirms it. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LLD
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Kritiese evaluering van wetgewing wat die gesondheid van kinders beïnvloedBuchner-Eveleigh, Mariana 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on 29 November 1989. Included in the inherent rights set
out in the Convention is the right to the highest attainable standard of health.
In implementing the Convention states parties must refer to the requirements
of article 2 of the Convention, which places them under a duty to respect and
ensure the rights in the Convention to each child. The term “respect” implies a
duty of good faith to refrain from actions which would breach the Convention.
The “duty to ensure”, however, requires states parties to take whatever
measures are necessary in order to enable children to enjoy their rights. A
state party must also review its legislation in order to ensure that domestic law
is consistent with the Convention.
South Africa showed commitment to protecting and promoting children’s
health when it ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child in 1995 and subsequently adopted the Constitution of the Republic of
South Africa, 1996, which includes provisions guaranteeing the health rights
of children. South Africa also showed commitment to give legislative effect to
the protection and promotion of children’s health by reviewing the Health Act
63 of 1977 (reviewed as the National Health Act 61 of 2003) and the Child
Care Act 74 of 1983 (reviewed as the Children’s Act 38 of 2005).
The review of the Child Care Act 74 of 1983 revealed that the act is virtually
silent on the issue of child health. This led to the decision to identify and
evaluate existing policy and legislation, as well as pending relevant law reform
and policy affecting child health in order to assess how well South African
legislation addresses the issue. The research showed that although much
legislation exists, none provides comprehensively for child health rights. The
legislation that does exist contains obvious gaps. Most importantly, there is no
reference to the core minimum requirements for the state in providing for the
health of children, particularly in the way of health services and nutrition.
Further, there is a complete lack of legislation which protects the health needs
of disabled children.
A comparative study was also undertaken. Legislation of India and Canada
were evaluated in order to make recommendations as to how the gaps in
South African legislation can be rectified. However, the research showed that
South Africa has made far more significant progress in promoting a rightsbased
approach to children’s health in legislation. In order to ensure that the
health rights of children are protected and promoted, I propose more
comprehensive legislative protection. / Private Law / LL.D.
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Framtidens gymnasieskola - En styrning utifrån ett modernistiskt eller senmodernistiskt perspektiv? / Tomorros High School - A direction by means of a Modernistic or a Late modern perspective?Roudén, Magnus January 2010 (has links)
This empirical work and base has been to analyze the new high school reform that the Swedish government introduced as a statement 2008/09:199 about: Higher demand and quality within the high school. This statement became legal through the government vote in spring 2010. But above all it is the investigation (SOU 2008:27) that is the central piece for these new examination changes for high school students that will come into effect 1 of July 2011. The purpose and questions asked in this analyze has been if the reform takes its base in a modernistic (traditional) way or a late modern scientific perspective. And also to find out how these new quality amendments in the investigation makes visible about the high school and what the purpose are about the changes. When scientific theories in these analyze is placed against the reform, the result shows that the modernization process reflects more of a late modern aspect, which constantly reappraise in a changeable society. The ambition with the reform is to meet the reflexivity of the individual mind. The collaboration between the consumer and school principals, high demanding adaption to working life and explicit examination goals for the students emphasizes the demand on quality. The students can be signified as dynamic market products, more adaptable and linked to a thinking entrepreneur. This will be the primary mission for the high school. The result also shows that the adaption and individualism is two sides of the coin, and that is what this reform tries to capitalize on. In spite of a more regulated and explicit demand on education – it’s the individual reflexivity of an entrepreneur with more options that has to see and understand the dynamic possibilities that calls on the open market.
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Understanding communication experiences and job satisfaction of employees at a state institutionDingalo, Margaret-Ann Limakatso 08 1900 (has links)
Abstracts in English and Afrikaans / There is a growing recognition of the role internal communications play in the overall
functioning of an organisation. Scholars link effective internal communications with
business performance and in the context of a government institution it means that in
order to improve service delivery they must pay attention to the effectiveness of their
communication practices. To execute its mandate effectively the Government
Communications and Information systems (GCIS) as an entity responsible for
managing communications on behalf of government has to ensure that it leads by
example in this regard. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe
communication experiences of GCIS employees. To answer the research question a
cross-sectional survey of n=40 randomly selected employees was conducted at the
GCIS head office. The survey resulted in initial findings which were further explored
by interviewing nine (n=9) purposefully selected individuals.
Results indicate that employees are satisfied with communications in general.
Evidence suggests that not all communication channels are considered reliable
however, perceptions of trust or reliability regarding channels is influenced by an
inherent culture at the GCIS that equates authority and rank with trust. Concerns
were raised with official channels in particular which are perceived as slow, outdated
and irrelevant, blamed in part on bureaucratic processes. Findings show that there is
a strong positive relationship between communication satisfaction and job
satisfaction in line with findings from other studies. This underscores the importance
of effective internal communication practices in state institutions. If communication is
effective, evidence suggests that it will lead to employee job satisfaction. It is
therefore recommended that the GCIS conducts a strategic review of its internal
communication systems and practises in order to evaluate their effectiveness in
helping to achieve communication goals of the organisation. A follow up study be
conducted at the GCIS to measure the implementation of recommendations made in
this study. Furthermore, research is recommended within the government sector as
this will provide a holistic view of communication experiences within state institutions
in South Africa, in particular the influence of bureaucratic systems. / Daar word toenemend erkenning gegee aan die rol wat interne kommunikasie speel
in die algemene funksionering van 'n organisasie. Geleerdes koppel effektiewe
interne kommunikasie met ondernemingsprestasie, en in die konteks van 'n
regeringsinstelling beteken dit dat hulle, ten einde dienslewering te verbeter, moet let
op die effektiwiteit van hul kommunikasiepraktyke. Om sy mandaat effektief uit te
voer, moet die Regeringskommunikasie- en Inligtingstelsels (GCIS) as 'n entiteit wat
namens die regering verantwoordelik is vir die bestuur van kommunikasie verseker
dat dit 'n voorbeeld hiervan is. Die doel van hierdie studie is om kommunikasieervarings
van werknemers van GCIS te verken en te beskryf. Om die
navorsingsvraag te beantwoord, is 'n deursnee-opname van (n=40) lukraak
geselekteerde werknemers by die GCIS-hoofkantoor gedoen. Die opname het gelei
tot aanvanklike bevindings wat verder ondersoek is deur nege (n =9) onderhoude
met doelgerigte geselekteerde onderhoude.
Die resultate dui daarop dat werknemers oor die algemeen tevrede is met
kommunikasie. Bewyse dui daarop dat nie alle metodes as betroubaar beskou word
nie, maar dat persepsies van vertroue of betroubaarheid ten opsigte van kanale
beïnvloed word deur 'n inherente kultuur by die GCIS wat gesag en rang met
vertroue vergelyk. Daar is ook kommer uitgespreek met amptelike
kommunikasiekanale wat gesien word as stadig, verouderd en irrelevant, en deels
die skuld op burokratiese prosesse. Bevindinge toon dat daar 'n sterk positiewe
verwantskap bestaan tussen kommunikasiebevrediging en werkstevredenheid, in
ooreenstemming met bevindings van ander navorsers. Dit onderstreep die
belangrikheid van effektiewe interne kommunikasiepraktyke by staatsinstellings. As
kommunikasie effektief is, dui die getuienis daarop dat dit tot werkstevredenheid van
die werknemers sal lei. Daarom word aanbeveel dat die GCIS 'n strategiese oorsig
van sy interne kommunikasiestelsels en -praktyke uitvoer om die doeltreffendheid
daarvan te evalueer om die organisasie se kommunikasiedoelwitte te bereik. n Opvolgstudie word by die GCIS uitgevoer om die implementering van die
aanbevelings wat in die studie gemaak is, te meet. Verder word navorsing binne die
owerheidsektor aanbeveel, aangesien dit 'n holistiese siening bied van
kommunikasie-ervarings binne staatsinstellings in Suid-Afrika, veral die invloed van
burokratiese prosesse. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communications)
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Hur görs jämställdhet i Sverige? : En analys av den svenska jämställdhetspolitiken mellan 2014 och 2019 utifrån ett postkolonialt feministiskt perspektiv / How is gender equality made in Sweden? : A postcolonial feministic perspective on Swedish Gender Equality politics between 2014 and 2019Lind, Jasmin Doreen January 2020 (has links)
The starting point of this thesis is that gender equality should be studied as an empirical field. After the Swedish general election in 2014 the newly formed government proclaimed itself to be the world’s first feminist government. This study aims to examine how gender equality is made and filled with meaning by this feminist government since 2014 and to analyse the results by making use of postcolonial feminist theory and relevant research. Carol Bacchis analytical strategy, “What´s the problem represented to be?” is used as the study’s methodological framework. This approach to critical policy analysis focuses on how governing takes place through problematizations within policy. The results of the study show that gender equality is made by problematizing a lack of regulation, a lack of knowledge, a lack of collaboration, wrongful designation, a lack of attention for certain groups as well as a lack of Swedish strategy. One of the most significant results drawn from the analyses confirms previous research findings that neoliberalism as well as ethnocentric discourses dominate this field of policy. This leads to the conclusions that Swedish Gender Equality Politics, through to its fragmentation is emptied of a specific content and direction as well as that Swedishness and Norms of Honor are created in an asymmetric-diametrically relationship.
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A REPERCUSSÃO DAS INICIATIVAS DO GOVERNO BRASILEIRO PARA A PROTECÇÃO DA AMAZÓNIA NA IMPRENSA SUECA ONLINE DURANTE O GOVERNO DE LULA / To what extent have the initiatives of the Brazilian government been reported by the Swedish online news providers regarding the protection of the Amazon rainforest during the Lula administration?Barrenechea, May January 2012 (has links)
A problemática ambiental no mundo é um tema de suma importância na atualidade. Devido ao incremento do efeito estufa, as mudanças climáticas têm despertado grandes reações no mundo em todas as esferas. Para isso, a Amazónia cumpre um papel decisivo na salvação do planeta e portanto é imprescindível a proteção da mesma. A implementação de uma série de medidas legais do governo brasileiro é fundamental para consegui-la. Este trabalho enfoca a importância global e internacional do assunto, analisando o impacto das iniciativas do governo brasileiro na imprensa sueca versão online. O objetivo deste trabalho é deduzir qual imagem da problemática ambiental amazónica brasileira, das políticas ecológicas brasileiras na Amazónia e indiretamente do Brasil no geral se transmite potencialmente ao leitor sueco. A conclusão obtida concorda com a hipótese que os jornais falam, em pequena escala, sobre o tema ambiental na Amazónia brasileira e sobre as políticas ecológicas brasileiras para a proteção da floresta amazónica. / Environmental issues are receiving more and more media exposure today than ever before. What was first a healthy interest amongst people, has led to serious concerns when one takes into account the repercussions that the greenhouse effect is having on the environment. The increased environmental awareness that now exists amongst an ever growing section of the world’s population, has resulted in politicians having to start to take action as there is now a political will to do so. Brazil has the largest mass of tropical rainforest in the world and its protection is of interest to the Brazilian government, the citizens of Brazil and to the inhabitants of the world. A series of legal action measures have been initiated by the Brazilian government to preserve the wellbeing of the rainforest. This thesis examines how and what the Swedish online news providers have reported these measures during the Lula period of administration. The objective of this thesis is to understand how the Brazilian government’s measures have been perceived by the Swedish online news providers and thus by the reading population. Specifically, the focus is on measures taken by the Brazilian government with regards to Brazilian environmental problems in the Amazon rainforest, Brazilian ecological policy in the Amazonia and how all of this in turn leads to better protection of the Amazon rainforest. The data obtained supports the hypothesis that out of all the Brazilian related articles published by the Swedish online news providers, only a small percentage of the total amount of articles are relating to environmental issues in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest and/or the Brazilian environmental politics to protect the Amazon rainforest. / Miljöproblematiken i världen är en mycket viktig fråga. Den ökande växthuseffektens förändringar på klimatet har väckt stora reaktioner överallt i världen på alla områden. Miljömässigt spelar Amazonas regnskog en avgörande roll i att rädda planeten. Därför är det nödvändigt att skydda Amazonas regnskog. Genomförandet av en rad rättsliga åtgärder från den brasilianska regeringen är avgörande för skyddet av den brasilianska regnskogen. Den brasilianska regeringen har genom lagstiftning försökt att vidta nödvändiga åtgärder för att skydda Amazonas regnskog. Denna studie fokuserar på den internationella betydelsen av ämnet och analyserar hur den svenska pressens internetupplagor behandlar den brasilianska regeringens ansträngningar. Huvudsyftet med detta arbete är att få en uppfattning om hur den brasilianska miljöproblematiken i Amazonas regnskog, lagstiftningen runt densamma samt indirekt Brasilien, förmedlas till den svenska tidningsläsaren. Slutsatsen överensstämmer med hypotesen att tidningarna endast skriver kortfattat om miljöfrågor relaterade till den brasilianska regnskogen i Amazonas och den brasilianska miljöpolitikens insatser för att skydda Amazonas regnskog.
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Aspects of corporate governance in South African public higher education institutionsVan der Walt, Cornelia Johanna January 2019 (has links)
The right to education is entrenched in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The Constitution, together with various policy documents, provides guiding principles for the transformation of higher education in South Africa. Several universities were placed under administration, before and after the attainment of democracy in South Africa. The independent assessors reports on these institutions have one thing in common, namely that they point out poor administration and ineffective corporate governance practices. Despite many commendable initiatives by Government since 1994 to improve an apparently flawed higher education system, some aspects could be enhanced further, especially concerning corporate governance and governance accountability. Council members and the executive management of higher education institutions are subject to common law fiduciary duties and duties of care and skill. However, their accountability for breaches of these duties is not always clear and is seldom enforced. There is a need to balance effective accountability and the exercise of discretionary powers that are integral to effective governance and management. This thesis considers how corporate governance and compliance in higher education can be improved further, taking into account various legislative changes to the Higher Education Act 101 of 1997, direction provided by the Companies Act 71 of 2008 and the Banks Act 94 of 1990 in respect of the regulation of directors’ duties. An in-depth investigation into the relevant provisions of these Acts was not intended nor undertaken. Rather, the thesis draws from these Acts so that the problems concerning corporate governance in the higher education sector may be dealt with. The regulation of higher education in the foreign jurisdiction of the State of Georgia in the United States of America and in the Canadian province of Ontario was also considered. Based on the research undertaken, specific amendments are proposed to the Higher Education Act of 1997 and the Regulations for Reporting by Public Higher Education Institutions 2014, which are aimed at improvin higher education. / Die reg op onderwys word in die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika 1996 verskans. Riglyne vir die transformasie van hoër onderwys in Suid-Afrika word in die Grondwet en verskeie ander beleidsdokumente vervat. Voordat en nadat ‘Suid-Afrika demokraties geword het, is verskeie universiteite onder administrasie geplaas. Luidens die onafhanklike assessore se verslae, het hierdie instellings een ding gemeen gehad: swak administrasie en ondoeltreffende korporatiewe regering. Ondanks talle prysenswaardige stappe van die regering sedert 1994 om die probleme in die hoëronderwysstelsel te ondervang, kan bepaalde aspekte steeds verbeter, in die besonder korporatiewe regering en regeeraanspreeklikheid. Raadslede en lede van die uitvoerende besture van hoëronderwysinstellings is verplig om hulle gemeenregtelike fidusiêre pligte en hulle sorgvuldigheids- en kundigheidsplig na te kom. Hulle verantwoordingspligtigheid in geval van pligsversuim is egter dikwels vaag en word selde afgedwing. Die juiste ewewig moet gevind word tussen doeltreffende verantwoordingspligtigheid en die uitoefening van diskresionêre magte wat onlosmaaklik deel is van doeltreffende korporatiewe regering en bestuur. In hierdie tesis word gekyk hoe korporatiewe regering en nakoming in hoër onderwys verbeter kan word met inagneming van verskeie wysigings van die Wet op Hoër Onderwys 101 van 1997, riglyne in die Maatskappywet 71 van 2008 en in die Bankwet 94 van 1990 aangaande die pligte van direkteure. Geen grondige ondersoek na die toepaslike bepalings in hierdie wette is beoog of gedoen nie. Hulle word eerder gebruik om oplossings vir die probleme met korporatiewe regering in hoër onderwys te vind. Hoe hoër onderwys in die Amerikaanse deelstaat Georgia en die Kanadese provinsie Ontario gereël word, is eweneens in ag geneem. Wysigings van die Wet op Hoër Onderwys van 1997 en die Regulations for Reporting by Public Higher Education Institutions 2014, wat poog om verantwoordingspligtigheid en voldoening in hoër onderwys te verbeter, word voorgestel. / Ilungelo lokufunda liqukethwe uMthethosisekelo woMbuso waseNingizimu Afrika, wangonyaka ka 1996. UMthethosisekelo, kanye neminye imibhalo eyahlukahlukene yemigomo, inikeza umhlahlandlela wemigomo yokuguqulwa kwamaziko emfundo ephakeme eNingizimu Afrika. Amanyuvesi ahlukahlukene amiswa futhi, ngaphambili nangemuva kokuthola idemokhrasi eNingizimu Afrika. Imibiko yabaphenyi bamanyuvesi abazimele inophawu olufanayo, lokuthi iveza ukungahanjiswa kahle kohlelo lokuphatha kanye nokungalandelwa kwezingqubo zokuphatha amabhizinisi. Yize kunemizamo eminingi encomekayo evela uHulumeni kusukela ngonyaka ka 1994, imizamo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwemfundo ephakeme olwehlulekayo, ezinye zezimpawu zaqhubeka nokuqiniswa, ikakhulu lezo ezimayelana nokuphathwa kwamaziko kanye nokuziphendulela kwamaziko. Amalungu omkhandlu kanye nesigungu sabaphathi bamaziko emfundo ephakeme bayaphoqeleka ukulandela umthetho ngokuthi benze imisebenzi ngokuthembeka okuyimisebenzi emayelana nokunakekela kanye namakhono okusebenza. Yize-kunjalo, ukuziphendulela kwabo uma bephula imithetho kaningi akucaci kahle kanti le mithetho ayivamisile ukuqiniswa. Kunesidingo sokulinganisa uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuziphendulela kanye nokusebenzisa amandla okuphatha onikezwe wona, okungamandla ayinsika ekuqiniseni uhlelo lokuhanjiswa kahle kwamaziko kanye nokuphathwa. Le thesis iqonde ekutheni ngabe uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamaziko kanye nokulandelwa kwemithetho emazikweni emfundo aphakeme kungathuthukiswa kanjani, uma kubhekwa izinguquko zomthetho ezahlukahlukene, kuMthetho 101 weMfundo Ephakeme ka 1997, uma kubhekwa indlela enikezwa uMthetho 71 weziNkampani ka 2008 kanye noMthetho 94 wamaBhange ka 1990 mayelana nomthetho wemisebenzi yabaqondisi. Akukaze kube nenhloso futhi kwenziwe uphenyo olujulile mayelana nemithetho efanele yale Mithetho. Kunalokho, ithesisi yencike phezu kwaleMithetho ukuze izinkinga ezimayelana nokuphathwa kwamaziko emkhakheni wemfundo ephakeme zidingidwe kahle. Umthetho wemfundo ephakeme esiyingini somthetho sangaphandle se-State of Georgia ngase-United States of America kanye nasesifundazweni saseCanada ngase-Ontario nawo uye wabhekwa. Ngenxa yocwaningo olwenziwe, sekuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi kube nezinguquke ezithile eMthethweni weMfundo ePhakeme ka 1997 kanye naseMithethweni yokuBika yamaZiko eMfundo ePhakeme oMphakathi ka 2014, okuyimithetho ehlose ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphatha okunokuziphendulela kanye nokulandela umthetho wemfundo ephakeme. / Mercantile Law / LL. D.
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Ukraїnas självständighet 1917 i svensk press 1917–1918 / Ukraine’s independence 1917 in swedish press 1917–1918Bergman, Leo January 2017 (has links)
This dissertation is a quantitative study with elements of qualitative analysis. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate WHAT was written about Ukraine's independence 1917 in Swedish press 1917–1918. The qualitative part of the survey was intended to answer the question if the newspaper's political attitude influenced the news reports during the chosen period. The exact periodization was determined to be between March 1, 1917 and June 30, 1918. This periodization was chosen because of the March Revolution in 1917, which triggered independence declarations in a number of countries oppressed by Moscow, who now saw their chance of freedom. June 1918 became the end of the investigation because it was just when the peace agreement between Ukraine and the Soviet Union was signed. The source material has been chosen to represent a multitude of ideological orientations. It was liberal, moderate, conservative, liberal and left-wing orientations. The source material consisted of newspaper articles from the following newspapers: Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet, Göteborgs Aftonblad, Svenska Dagbladet, Dalpilen, Kalmar Tidning and Norrskensflamman. Quantitative methodology was used on the source material. This method consisted of a reviewing of newspaper articles in searching of news reports from Ukraine or articles which had something to do with the events in Ukraine. Every newspaper was searched day after day. The crawled material was presented in two chapters representing different periods. The first chapter of the results presented the results from 1917, and more precisely from March to December 1917. The second chapter presented the results from 1918, but also from December 1917, that is, the result from December 1917 through June 1918. The whole result was then discussed in a separate chapter where the qualitative analysis was also discussed. The result of the quantitative analysis showed that it has been written relatively sparcely about Ukraine's independence although the volume of articles increased from December 1917 and even more in 1918. Sometimes there were articles on the first page. But for the most part, the articles with Ukraine issues were placed among other foreign articles. It was also found in the survey that it was the first World War that drew attention to the newspapers, even though the events in Petrograd and then in Ukraine took more space. This survey also showed that what was written about Ukraine's independence was also what appears in the reference literature. The news reports reported how Ukraine proclaimed independence in March 1917 and later on proclaimed an independent republic in November 1917 when the Bolsheviks conducted their coup d'état in Petrograd. The newspapers also wrote how the Russian Communists sent a declaration of war to Ukraine in December 1917 and about the war that followed. The articles also tell us how negotiations on Ukraine Peace went on in Brest-Litovsk, and how they ended up with alliance between Germany and Ukraine with the campaign against the communists. It was told how the German army marched into Ukraine to free it from the bolsheviks. Until May 1918 there were battles between the German-Ukrainian Army and the Communists. In June 1918 the peace agreement was signed and this survey’s investigation ended. The survey showed that it was written about Ukraine's independence in all newspapers. Dagens Nyheter had the most news articles linked to the survey. Although the number of articles was not subject for analysis in this survey. The qualitative analysis was based on using Höjelid's theoretical concepts "positive sound" and "negative sound" on the quantitative analysis material. The qualitative analysis’ result showed that it was almost impossible to see the differences between the newspapers because the articles were traded between the newspapers, i.e. the content was copied straight away. It should be noted that not all content was the subject of copying between the newspapers. Copying occurred to a greater extent, but there were still original articles derived from the respective newspaper. Most of the articles were also direct telegrams that were communicated abroad to the newspaper's editors. A lot of these telegrammic articles were sent with a purpose to mislead society. These angled articles were published without further examination in Swedish press. There were articles from, for example, Dagens Nyheter whose editors noted the "strange Petrograd reports" and informed about it for the purpose of enlightening the public. However, as most newspapers were occupied with World War I, as was shown in the source material, the newspaper editorial office was less interested in other foreign events. Therefore, such angled articles could be found in Swedish press on a larger scale. / Denna avhandling är en kvantitativ studie med inslag av kvalitativ analys. Syftet med denna kvantitativa studien var att undersöka VAD som skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet 1917 i svensk press 1917–1918. Den kvalitativa delen av undersökningen ämnade att besvara frågan om tidningens politiska hållningen påverkade nyhetsrapporteringen under den valda perioden. Den exakta periodiseringen fastställdes att vara mellan den 1 mars 1917 och den 30 juni 1918. Denna periodisering valdes på grund av marsrevolutionen 1917 som utlöste självständighets-förklaringar i en rad länder som var förtryckta av Moskovitien och som nu såg sin chans till frihet. Juni 1918 blev slutpunkten i undersökningen därför att det var just då som fredsavtalet mellan Ukrajina och Sovjet undertecknades. Källmaterialet har valts att representera en mångfald ideologiska inriktningar. Det var liberal, moderat, konservativ, frisinnad samt vänstersocial inriktningar. Källmaterialet bestod av tidningsartiklar från följande tidningar: Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet, Göteborgs Aftonblad, Svenska Dagbladet, Dalpilen, Kalmar tidning och Norrskensflamman. Det användes kvantitativ metod på källmaterialet som bestod i en genomsökning av tidningsartiklarna efter nyhetsrapporter från Ukrajina eller som hade något med händelserna i Ukrajina att göra. Varje tidning genomsöktes dag för dag. Det genomsökta materialet presenterades i två kapitel som representerade olika perioder. Det första resultatkapitlet presenterade resultatet från år 1917, och mer exakt från mars till december 1917. Det andra kapitlet presenterade resultatet från år 1918, men även från december 1917, det vill säga resultatet från och med december 1917 till och med juni 1918. Det hela resultatet diskuterades sedan i ett eget kapitel där även den kvalitativa analysen diskuterades. Resultatet från den kvantitativa analysen visade att det har skrivits relativt sparsmakat om Ukrajinas självständighet även om artikelmängden ökade från december 1917 och ännu mer under 1918. Ibland förekom det artiklar på första sidan. Men för det mesta placerades artiklarna med Ukrajina-frågor bland andra utlandsartiklar. Det framgick också i undersökningen att det var mest första världskriget som upptog tidningarnas uppmärksamhet, även om händelserna i Petrograd och sedan i Ukrajina tog allt mer plats allt eftersom. Denna undersökning visade också att det som skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet var också det som förekommer i referenslitteraturen. Nyhetsrapporterna berättade hur Ukrajina utropat sin självständighet i mars 1917 tills landet proklamerat en oberoende republik i november 1917 när bolsjevikerna genomförde sin statskupp i Petrograd. Tidningarna skrev också hur de ryska kommunisterna skickade krigsförklaring till Ukrajina i december 1917 och om det kriget som följde efter det. Artiklarna berättar även om hur förhandlingarna för Ukrajinafreden gick till i Brest-Litovsk samt hur dessa avslutades med att Tyskland allierade sig med Ukrajina i kampen mot kommunisterna. Det berättades hur den tyska armén marscherade in i Ukrajina för att befria det från bolsjevikerna. Fram till maj 1918 pågick det strider mellan tysk-ukrajinska armén och kommunisterna. I juni 1918 undertecknades fredsavtalet och där slutade undersökningen. Undersökningen visade att det skrevs om Ukrajinas självständighet i samtliga tidningar. Dagens Nyheter hade flest nyhetsartiklar kopplade till undersökningen. Även om antalet artiklar ej var i syfte att analysera i denna undersökning. Den kvalitativa analysen gick ut på att använda Höjelids teoretiska begrepp ”positiv klang” och ”negativ klang” på den kvantitativa analysens resultatmaterial. Det kvalitativa resultatet visade att det var nästintill omöjligt att se skillnad mellan de olika tidningarna eftersom artiklarna traderades mellan tidningarna, det vill säga innehållet kopierades rakt av. Det bör påpekas att inte allt innehåll var ämne för kopiering mellan tidningarna. Kopieringen förekom i större utsträckning men det fanns ändå originella artiklar som härstammade från respektive tidning. De flesta av artiklarna var dessutom direkta telegram som kommunicerades i utlandet till tidningens redaktioner. En hel del av dessa telegraferade artiklar skickades med ett givet syfte att vilseleda samhällsopinionen. Dessa vinklade artiklar publicerades utan vidare granskning i svensk press. Det förekom artiklar från exempelvis Dagens Nyheter vars redaktion uppmärksammat de ”märkliga Petrogradrapporter” och informerat om det i möjligt syfte att upplysa allmänheten. Men eftersom de flesta tidningarna var upptagna med första världskriget, som det visades i källmaterialet, var tidningsredaktionerna mindre intresserade av andra utländska händelser. Därför kunde sådana vinklade artiklar förekomma i svensk press i en större omfattning.
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