Global ETD Search

41	Women in Christian leadership : an empirical study of "Youth With A Mission", Germany Hornstra-Fuchs, Franziska Anna Sabine 02 1900 (has links) In formal statements, the international organization Youth With A Mission (YWAM) clearly endorses female leaders. In YWAM Germany, however, women are underrepresented in leadership positions. This dissertation seeks to explain this dearth, especially in terms of the role played by Scripture. By means of interviews with leaders in YWAM Germany, possible answers were explored. Surprising for an evangelical organization, the interpretation of Scripture proved not to be a significant factor. Other factors that emerged are church background, the lack of female role models, lower self-confidence of women, and the role of incumbent leadership. The latter appeared to be the most crucial factor, since incumbent leaders, mostly men, select and appoint new leaders. It is likely that in this they are influenced by stereotypical conceptions of the leader as male and inclined to prefer those like themselves. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics) Women Youth with a mission Evangelicals Egalitarianism Christian ethics Leadership Germany Christians for Biblical equality Stereotypical gender roles 200.82 Women in Christianity Christian leadership Women -- Religious life
42	Mäns våld mot kvinnor i heterosexuella parrelationer Shala, Nadire January 2011 (has links) AbstraktDetta är en D-uppsats om ämnet ”Mäns våld mot kvinnor”. Uppsatsen är kvalitativ och jag har intervjuat 8 kvinnor som har levt i våldsamma relationer. Jag har även intervjuat en socionom vid kvinnojouren och en polis som i sitt arbete kommer i kontakt med detta fenomen. Mitt huvudsyfte genom denna undersökning har varit att förstå och förklara vad som får en kvinna att stanna i ett destruktivt förhållande där våld förekommer. Jag har utifrån tidigare forskning så som Eva Lundgren, Margareta Hydén och Mona Eliasson samt information från mina informanter kunnat se vissa mönster. De huvudteorier som har använts i undersökningen har varit Eva Lundgrens ”Normaliseringsprocess” samt Margareta Hydéns ”Individuella livsprojekt och gemensamma parprojekt” och även Mona Eliassons teori om könsnormer. Ett genomgående tema som har framkommit i undersökningen har varit att kvinnan ofta är underordnad mannen och av olika anledningar som presenteras närmare i studien anpassar sig efter honom. Ett annat relativt återkommande tema i uppsatsen har varit de stereotypa könsroller som är vanligt förekommande i förklaringar kring destruktiva förhållanden. Jag har med hjälp av Carin Holmberg och Viveca Enanders forskning samt mina informanter även kunnat se hur olika band har skapats mellan mannen och kvinnan dessa förhållanden. Jag har kunnat urskilja att flera av dessa band fungerar som starkt kvarhållande i en relation. Det är mycket svårt att luta problemet kring kvinnomisshandel på enbart en förklaringsmodell och teori utan man måste se det från en bredare kontext då det finns många olika förklaringar. / AbstractThis is a D-essay on the theme of "Violence against women". The essay is qualitative and I have interviewed eight women who have lived in violent relationships. I have also interviewed a social worker at the helpline (kvinnojouren) and a policeman who in his work comes into contact with this phenomenon. My main purpose in this study was to understand and explain what makes a woman stay in a destructive relationship in which violence occurs. I have based on previous research, such as Eva Lundgren and Margareta Hydén and Mona Eliasson and the information from my informants seen some patterns. The main theories that have been used in the study are Eva Lundgren's Normalization Process and Margaret Hydéns Individual lifeplans (individuella livsprojekt) and common coupleprojects (gemensamma parprojekt) and the theory by Mona Eliasson about gender norms. A recurring theme that has emerged in the investigation has been that the woman often is subordinate to the man and that she for various reasons which are presented in the study adapts to him. Another fairly recurrent theme in the paper has been the gender stereotypes that are commonly used in explanations of destructive relationships. With help from Carin Holmberg and Viveca Enanders research and my informants I have also been able to see how different bands are created between men and women who live in these conditions. I have been able to discern that many of these bands serve as a strong retention in a destructive relationship. To understand the violence against women you have to look at the problem in a context. It is difficult to tilt the problem surrounding domestic violence in only one theory and model of explanation and because of that this studie explores multiple different perspectives. Nadire Shala Destructive relationships Emotional bands Isoaltion Domestic violence Noramlizationprocess Stereotypical prejudices Violent men Marriage Destruktiva förhållanden Emotionella band Isolering Kvinnomisshandel Normaliseringsprocess Parrelationer Stereotypa fördomar Våldsamma män Äktenskap Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap
43	An evaluation of the role of the university of the third age in the provision of lifelong learning Hebestreit, Lydia Karola 30 November 2006 (has links) During the past thirty years several models for lifelong education after retirement have been developed worldwide, one of them being the University of the Third Age (U3A). This study explored the contributions of the U3A to the educational needs of older adults and evaluated the benefits they perceived from their participation in U3A by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation. The latter used a survey to explore the experiences of U3A members of two U 3As and presidents of 68 U3As in Victoria, Australia by means of two different questionnaires. As only 1.47 percent of the over-55 population of Victoria are U3A members, the survey also investigated barriers to U3A participation in general and with special reference to the male population. The findings indicated that member respondents were very satisfied with their U3A experiences which had made substantial differences in their lives. Both male and female respondents saw personal, mental, social, and physical improvement as a result of U3A participation. The majority indicated that participation had improved their intellectual development. Significant differences in the perceptions of male and female participants emerged: female members outnumbered males by three to one. Both the presidents and the members expressed some programmatic concerns, primarily obtaining tutors and classroom availability. The subject areas covered by courses presented were extensive. There was a difference in the subjects desired by males and female respondents; very few courses are offered in science and economics. Some barriers to participation identified are a lack of awareness of U3A, the stereotypical attitudinal barrier of `I am too old' and negative past educational experiences. Moreover, U3As should increase marketing endeavours. Although most U3As advertise, almost a third of the respondents indicated that they would have joined earlier if aware of U3As. A contributing factor appears to be a virtual lack of research and information provided in educational academic journals and other media about lifelong education after retirement. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for future research and for improved practice in the U3A environment as a means to enhance the quality of life for older adults. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Comparative Education) Stereotypical images of old age Barriers to learning Independence Self-esteem Confidence Well-being Social contacts Successful aging Memory Intelligence Academic Third Age Retirees Older adults Self-help philosophy Peer teaching Serious leisure Leisure-pursuits Non-vocational Learning models Lifelong learning Learning 374.9945
44	HIV/AIDS and the labour sector : examining the role of law in protecting the HIV positive worker in Kenya Ojienda, Tom Odhiambo 05 1900 (has links) Kenyan labour laws inadequately protect HIV positive worker. The Constitution of Kenya, 1963, does not prohibit stereotypical attitudes adverse to HIV positive workers and discrimination on the basis of health status. It does not provide for the right to employment, health and health care services, and fails to delimit privacy and dignity rights. Under the Industrial Property Act, 2001, the basis for Government exploitation of patent through compulsory licensing is whimsical and parallel importing is not envisaged. Employers unilaterally draft employment contracts notwithstanding their unequal power relations to employees. The HIV and AIDS Tribunal institutionalises discrimination against HIV positive workers on the basis of the ambiguous ‘inherent job requirements.’ Plausible international labour laws and practices have no place in Kenya unless they are domesticated. SUMMARY This thesis interrogates the Kenyan labour laws and policies to identify their inefficiencies and suggest recommendations for reform. It commences with an analysis of the topical issues associated with the HIV positive worker. It then examines the extent of prevalence and ramifications of HIV/AIDS in Kenya. Subsequently, it studies the efforts made at the international and domestic arena in protecting the HIV positive worker. A comparative analysis is made of the laws protecting the HIV positive worker in a number of countries, namely, South Africa, United States of America and Australia. The thesis draws conclusions and recommends measures on how best to protect the Kenyan HIV positive worker. The labour laws should be amended to prohibit discrimination on the basis of health status, provide for right to affordable medication and work, allow negotiation of employment contracts, list international laws that Kenya ratifies without reservation as a source of law and delimit the concept of ‘inherent requirements of a job.’ The public should be sensitised to embrace HIV positive workers. Once the new Constitution is enacted, it should list socio-economic rights as fundamental rights and reform the office of the ombudsman to deal with complaints against private employers. / (LL.D.) Asymptomatic stage Compulsory licensing HIV/AIDS HIV positive worker Stereotypical attitudes Labour sector 344.15906762 Labor laws and legislation -- Kenya Employee rights -- Kenya Labor policy -- Kenya
45	An evaluation of the role of the university of the third age in the provision of lifelong learning Hebestreit, Lydia Karola 30 November 2006 (has links) During the past thirty years several models for lifelong education after retirement have been developed worldwide, one of them being the University of the Third Age (U3A). This study explored the contributions of the U3A to the educational needs of older adults and evaluated the benefits they perceived from their participation in U3A by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation. The latter used a survey to explore the experiences of U3A members of two U 3As and presidents of 68 U3As in Victoria, Australia by means of two different questionnaires. As only 1.47 percent of the over-55 population of Victoria are U3A members, the survey also investigated barriers to U3A participation in general and with special reference to the male population. The findings indicated that member respondents were very satisfied with their U3A experiences which had made substantial differences in their lives. Both male and female respondents saw personal, mental, social, and physical improvement as a result of U3A participation. The majority indicated that participation had improved their intellectual development. Significant differences in the perceptions of male and female participants emerged: female members outnumbered males by three to one. Both the presidents and the members expressed some programmatic concerns, primarily obtaining tutors and classroom availability. The subject areas covered by courses presented were extensive. There was a difference in the subjects desired by males and female respondents; very few courses are offered in science and economics. Some barriers to participation identified are a lack of awareness of U3A, the stereotypical attitudinal barrier of `I am too old' and negative past educational experiences. Moreover, U3As should increase marketing endeavours. Although most U3As advertise, almost a third of the respondents indicated that they would have joined earlier if aware of U3As. A contributing factor appears to be a virtual lack of research and information provided in educational academic journals and other media about lifelong education after retirement. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for future research and for improved practice in the U3A environment as a means to enhance the quality of life for older adults. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Comparative Education) Stereotypical images of old age Barriers to learning Independence Self-esteem Confidence Well-being Social contacts Successful aging Memory Intelligence Academic Third Age Retirees Older adults Self-help philosophy Peer teaching Serious leisure Leisure-pursuits Non-vocational Learning models Lifelong learning Learning 374.9945
46	HIV/AIDS and the labour sector : examining the role of law in protecting the HIV positive worker in Kenya Ojienda, Tom Odhiambo 05 1900 (has links) Kenyan labour laws inadequately protect HIV positive worker. The Constitution of Kenya, 1963, does not prohibit stereotypical attitudes adverse to HIV positive workers and discrimination on the basis of health status. It does not provide for the right to employment, health and health care services, and fails to delimit privacy and dignity rights. Under the Industrial Property Act, 2001, the basis for Government exploitation of patent through compulsory licensing is whimsical and parallel importing is not envisaged. Employers unilaterally draft employment contracts notwithstanding their unequal power relations to employees. The HIV and AIDS Tribunal institutionalises discrimination against HIV positive workers on the basis of the ambiguous ‘inherent job requirements.’ Plausible international labour laws and practices have no place in Kenya unless they are domesticated. SUMMARY This thesis interrogates the Kenyan labour laws and policies to identify their inefficiencies and suggest recommendations for reform. It commences with an analysis of the topical issues associated with the HIV positive worker. It then examines the extent of prevalence and ramifications of HIV/AIDS in Kenya. Subsequently, it studies the efforts made at the international and domestic arena in protecting the HIV positive worker. A comparative analysis is made of the laws protecting the HIV positive worker in a number of countries, namely, South Africa, United States of America and Australia. The thesis draws conclusions and recommends measures on how best to protect the Kenyan HIV positive worker. The labour laws should be amended to prohibit discrimination on the basis of health status, provide for right to affordable medication and work, allow negotiation of employment contracts, list international laws that Kenya ratifies without reservation as a source of law and delimit the concept of ‘inherent requirements of a job.’ The public should be sensitised to embrace HIV positive workers. Once the new Constitution is enacted, it should list socio-economic rights as fundamental rights and reform the office of the ombudsman to deal with complaints against private employers. / (LL.D.) Asymptomatic stage Compulsory licensing HIV/AIDS HIV positive worker Stereotypical attitudes Labour sector 344.15906762 Labor laws and legislation -- Kenya Employee rights -- Kenya Labor policy -- Kenya
47	Mellan Raderna : En kritisk analys av Skolverkets allmänna råd - arbete medstudie och yrkesvägledning / Between the lines : A crictical analysis of Skolverkets allmänna råd - arbete med studie ochyrkesvägledning Boman, Josephine, Chiboub, Yemina January 2023 (has links) Där emellan raderna, där finns den. En osynlig barriär som gör det svårt för vissa, lätt förandra. Det är grunden i vårt syfte i denna uppsats. Den osynliga barriären – normer somuppfattas som begränsande för individer samt den kritik som lyfts mot normer och dessbegränsningar. Vi tillämpar en analysmodell vars syfte är att kritiskt granska, förståproblembilden bakom representationen av problemen som är underförstådda i styrmedel. Vihar utfört en dokumentstudie där vi har kritiskt granskat Skolverkets allmänna råd - arbetemed studie- och yrkesvägledning (2013) med hjälp av Bacchis (2009) teori och metod“What’s the problem represented to be”. Syftet är att undersöka på vilket sätt Skolverkets allmännaråd- arbete med studie och yrkesvägledning (2013) representerar norm och normkritik samt vilkadilemman som uppstår i representationen. Genom att anamma ett konstruktivistiskt ochnormkritiskt perspektiv försöker vi att förstå representationen av norm och normkritik och vadsom händer där emellan. Mellan raderna. / In between the lines, there it is. An invisible barrier that makes it difficult for some, easy forothers. That is the basis of our purpose in this paper. The invisible barrier – norms that areperceived as limiting for individuals. And the criticism leveled against norms and theirlimitations. We apply an analysis model whose purpose is to critically examine, understandthe problem picture behind the representation of the problems that are implicit in policydocuments. We have carried out a document study in which we have critically reviewed theSkolverkets allmänna råd - arbete med studie- och yrkesvägledning (2013) using Bacchi's(2009) theory and method "What's the problem represented to be". The purpose is to examinein what way Skolverkets allmänna råd - arbete med studie- och yrkesvägledning (2013)represents norms and norm criticism and which dilemmas arise in the representation. Byadopting a constructivist and norm-critical perspective, we try to understand therepresentation of norms and norm criticism and what happens in between. Between the lines. norm criticism career choice study- and career guidance norm critical pedagogy perspective gymnasium choice factors that influence gymnasium choice norm stereotypical. segregation normkritik karriärval studie- och yrkesvägledning normkritisk pedagogik perspektiv gymnasieval faktorer som påverkar gymnasieval norm stereotypiskt. segregation Pedagogy Pedagogik Law (excluding Law and Society)
48	The need for a flexible and discretionary system of marital property distribution in the South African law of divorce Lowndes, Gillian Claire 11 1900 (has links) Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation. / Private Law / LL.M. Matrimonial property regime Marriage in community of property Marriage out of community of property Accrual system Antenuptial contract Family contract Dissolution of marriage Spousal equality Substantive equality Formal equality Differentiation Discrimination Gender-stereotypical expectations Public-private dichotomy Pension interest Pension sharing Clean-break principle Judicial discretion upon divorce Maintenance Forfeiture of assets Equitable distribution Law commission Financial need Prenuptial agreement Qualifying nuptial agreement 346.1664068 Marital property -- South Africa Alimony -- South Africa Divorce settlements -- South Africa Judicial discretion -- South Africa
49	The need for a flexible and discretionary system of marital property distribution in the South African law of divorce Lowndes, Gillian Claire 11 1900 (has links) Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation. / Private Law / LL. M. Matrimonial property regime Marriage in community of property Marriage out of community of property Accrual system Antenuptial contract Family contract Dissolution of marriage Spousal equality Substantive equality Formal equality Differentiation Discrimination Gender-stereotypical expectations Public-private dichotomy Pension interest Pension sharing Clean-break principle Judicial discretion upon divorce Maintenance Forfeiture of assets Equitable distribution Law commission Financial need Prenuptial agreement Qualifying nuptial agreement 346.1664068 Marital property -- South Africa Alimony -- South Africa Divorce settlements -- South Africa Judicial discretion -- South Africa
50	From Snow White to Frozen : An evaluation of popular gender representation indicators applied to Disney’s princess films / Från Snövit till Frost : En utvärdering av populära könsrepresentations-indikatorer tillämpade på Disneys prinsessfilmer Nyh, Johan January 2015 (has links) Simple content analysis methods, such as the Bechdel test and measuring percentage of female talk time or characters, have seen a surge of attention from mainstream media and in social media the last couple of years. Underlying assumptions are generally shared with the gender role socialization model and consequently, an importance is stated, due to a high degree to which impressions from media shape in particular young children’s identification processes. For young girls, the Disney Princesses franchise (with Frozen included) stands out as the number one player commercially as well as in customer awareness. The vertical lineup of Disney princesses spans from the passive and domestic working Snow White in 1937 to independent and super-power wielding princess Elsa in 2013, which makes the line of films an optimal test subject in evaluating above-mentioned simple content analysis methods. As a control, a meta-study has been conducted on previous academic studies on the same range of films. The sampled research, within fields spanning from qualitative content analysis and semiotics to coded content analysis, all come to the same conclusions regarding the general changes over time in representations of female characters. The objective of this thesis is to answer whether or not there is a correlation between these changes and those indicated by the simple content analysis methods, i.e. whether or not the simple popular methods are in general coherence with the more intricate academic methods. / <p>Betyg VG (skala IG-VG)</p> Disney princesses Disney princesses gender Bechdel Bechdel test Walt Disney Pixar Frozen children girl culture gender representations talk time talktime gendertimer equality content analysis female feminism feminist gender role socialization model gender role socialization model passive domestic active media post-feminist gender role portrayals key measures popular nature or nurture genes or environment gender differences expressions of gender gender experiments neurological brain plasticity constructivist cultivation theory social cognitive theory quantitative quantitative measures quantitative methods stereotypes stereotype stereotypical women character count biological sex biological gender metrics femininity textual analysis submissive submissive behaviour independence daddy's girl patriarchy patriarchal patriarchal approval wicked women old wicked women wicked witch male masculine masculine characteristics feminine characteristics genders marrying marriage love at first sight empowerment fairy tale fairy tales film movie films movies Mulan Pocahontas Snow White Snow White and the seven dwarfs Cinderella Sleeping Beauty Little Mermaid The Little Mermaid Beauty and the Beast Aladdin Tangled Brave Frozen The Princess and the Frog Merida relationship relationship formation true love true love's kiss sisterhood sisterly Grimm Grimm brothers parental approval matriarchal approval matriarchal matriarchy stereotyping evil queen rate rater rating measure measuring wicked stepmother binary gender gender binarity binary genders gender identities gender identity gender identity formation identity formation animation cell animation the Smurfette principle strong women strong girls girlie positivism positivistic film studies analysis analyses antagonism action coding cultivation effect cultivation effects socialization effect socialization effects coded content analysis simple metrics cognition theory connotations cultivation theory socialization theory depictions of femininity plasticity human brain damsels in distress feminist research inequality gender inequality media studies heroines mass media social media images of women woman as image reading interpretation modern day fairy tales Disney prinsessor Disneyprinsessor Disney-prinsessor kön genus genusvetenskap Bechdel Bechdel test Bechdeltest Bechdeltestet Walt Disney Pixar Frost barn flickor kulturuppväxt representationer skildringar intryck taltid talk time talktime gendertimer jämlikhet innehållsanalys feminin feminism könsroll könsroller socialisering socialiseringsmodellen passiv hushållsarbete aktiv media post-feministisk postfemininstisk nyckeltal populärvetenskaplig populärvetenskapligt naturen uppväxt eller gener gener eller upppväxt uppfostran genetik könsskillnader könsuttryck experiment hjärnan plasticitet konstruktivism kultivationsteori kognitiv teori kvantitativ kvantitativa mått kvantitativa metoder stereotyper stereotyp stereotypisk kvinnnor kvinna kön biologiskt kön mått nyckeltal femininitet textanalys filmanalys kuvad underkastad submissiv oberoende pappas flicka patriarkat patriarkisk patriarkalt godkännande manlig maskulin kön genus äktenskap kärlek vid första ögonkastet saga sagor bröderna Grimm film Mulan Pocahontas Snövit och de sju dvärgarna Askungen Törnrosa Den lilla Sjöjungfrun Skönheten och Odjuret Aladdin Trassel Modig Frost Prinsessan och Grodan Merida förhållanden sann kärlek Grimm matriark matriarkisk patriarkalt godkännande matriarkalt godkännande bedöma betygsätta mått mäta ond styvmor binära kön könsidentitet könsidentiteter animation Smurfan starka kvinnor starka flickor positivistisk positivism filmvetenskap filmstudier antagonism protagonist hjältinna kodning kultivationseffekten socialiseringseffekten socialisationseffekten kodad innehållsanalys förenklade mått kognitiv teori konnotationer konnotera feministisk forskning könsbalans mediastudier mediestudier massmedia social media bilder av kvinnor kvinnan som bild images of women woman as image reading interpretation modern day fairy tales tolkning

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